BAB IV

PERENCANAAN KUDA-KUDA

A. Beban yang bekerja

- Berat atap sendiri = 30 kg/m2
- Berat Gording = 4,06 kg/m
- Berat kuda kuda (2+0,66L) kg/m2 = 2 + 0,66. 28 = 20,480
- Beban hidup = 100kg

Besarnya gaya pada titik buhul/beban total yang bekerja pada kuda-kuda:

1. BEBAN MATI DAN HIDUP

Akibat beban atap
Akibat beban gording
Akibat beban kuda – kuda
= berat atap . ( 2 . panjang sisi miring ). Jarak kuda-
kuda
= 30 . (2 . 17,535) . 3,25
= 3419,325 kg
= berat gording . jumlah gording . jarak kuda – kuda
= 4,06 . 20 . 3,25
= 263,9 kg
= berat kuda – kuda . (2 . panjang sisi miring ) .
jarak kuda- kuda
= 20,480 . (2 . 17,535 ) . 3,25

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 =2334,2592 kg
Akibat beban hidup = P hidup . jumlah gording
= 100 . 20
= 2000 kg
Beban total yang terjadi pada kuda-kuda :
P total =3419,325 + 263,9 +2334,2592 + 2000
= 8017,4842 kg
Pada tepi atas dan bawah, besarnya gaya pada titik buhul = ½ P, maka :
Gaya P = 4 ( ½P) + 4P = 8017,4842 kg
6P = 8017,4842 kg
P = 1336,247367 kg
½P = 668,1236835 kg

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∑FV = 0
(RAV + RBV) – ( 668,1236835.2) – (1336,247367.5 )= 0
(RAV + RBV) = 8017,48202

∑FH = 0
Reaksi perletakan
∑MB = 0
RAV 28 (668,1236835. 28) + (1336,247367 (4,668 + 9,332 +14+ 18,668 + 23,332)) = 0
28 RAV -(112228,7439)=0
28 RAV = (4008,74)
RAV = 4008,74 kg (↑)
∑MA = 0
(RBV 28) - (668,1236835. 28) - (1336,247367 (4,668 + 9,332 +14+ 18,668 + 23,332)) = 0
28 RBV (11224,7531) =0
28 RBV = - (4008,741184)
RBV = 4008,74 kg (↑)

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CHECKING :
(RAV + RBV) = 0 kg
( 4008,74) + (- 4008,74) = 0 ……………..…………… OK!!!!
( 4008,74) (↑) + ( 4008,74) (↑) = 8017,48202 kg …………… OK!!!!

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Tabel 1. Gaya Batang Akibat Beban Vertikal

GAYA BEBAN VERTIKAL

BATANG GAYA
A1 -5500.94
A2 -4763.24
A3 -3311.86
A4 -3311.86
A5 -4763.24
A6 -5500.94
B1 4379.24
B2 3529.41
B3 3529.41
B4 4379.24
D1 -1034.4
D2 884.02
D3 -1547.63
D4 -1547.63
D5 884.02
D6 -1034.4
V1 2597.3
Keterangan :
(+ ) = Batang Tarik
( - ) = Batang Tekan

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2. BEBAN ANGIN
Besar tekanan angin = 30 kg/m
Kemiringan atap = 37
Koefisien Angin tekan = 0,02 . 37 – 0,4
= 0,34
Angin hisap = - 0,4
• Gaya angin tekan, P tekan ( tegak lurus batang tepi atas )
P tekan = koef.angin x tek,angin x pnjng btg,tepi atas x jrk
kuda-kuda
= 0,34 . 30 . 5,843. 3,25
= 193, 69545
• Gaya angin hisap, P hisap ( tegak lurus batang tepi atas )
P hisap = koef, angin x tek.angin x pnjg btg.tepi atas x jrk kusa-kuda
= -0,4 . 30. 5,843. 3,25

= −227,877
P tekan dan P hisap diuraikan terhadap sumbu X & Y
➢ ANGIN KANAN
• Angin Tekan
P = 193, 69545 kg
1⁄2 P = 96,847725 kg
• Gaya vertikal :
✓ P cos ∝ = 193, 69545 cos 37° = 154, 6920645 kg
✓ 1⁄2 P cos ∝= 96,847725 cos 37° = 77, 3460225 kg
✓ Gaya horizontal :
✓ 𝑃 sin ∝ = (193, 9275) sin 37° = 116,5688317 kg
✓ 1⁄2 P sin ∝ = (96,96375) sin 37° = 58, 28441586 kg
• Angin Hisap
P = −227,877
½ P = -113,9385
Gaya vertikal :
✓ P cos ∝ = −227,877 C0S 37° = -181,9906641 kg
✓ ½ P cos ∝ = -113,9385 C0S 37° = 90,99533206 kg
Gaya horizontal :
✓ 𝑃 sin ∝ = −227,877 Sin 37° = -137,139802 kg
✓ 1⁄2 P sin ∝ =-113,9385 sin 37° = - 68,56990102 kg

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REAKSI PERLETAKAN :

𝚺𝐌𝐕 = 𝟎

RAV + RBV – 77, 3460225 – 154, 6920645 - 154, 6920645+ 13,64930956+

181,9906641 + 181,9906641 + 90,99533206 = 0
RAV + RBV = - 81,89581832 ≈ 81,89 𝑘𝑔

𝚺𝐌𝐕 = 𝟎

RAH + ( 2 X 58, 28441586) +(2 X 116,5688317) + (2 X 137,139802 ) + (2

X 68,56990102) = 0
RAH = – 761,1259012 kg

𝚺𝐌𝐗 = 𝟎

𝚺𝐌𝐀 = 𝟎

➢ (𝑅𝐵𝑉 × 28) + ( 90,99533206 × 28) + (181,9906641 × 23,332) +

(181,9906641 × 18,668) + (13,64930956 × 14) − (154, 6920645 ×
9,332) − (154, 6920645 × 4,668 ) − (116,5688317 × 3,519) −
(116,5688317 × 7,038) − (58, 28441586 X 10,557) −
(68,56990102 𝑋 10,557) − (137,139802 X 7,038) −
(137,139802 X 3,519) = 0

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 ➢ 28 𝑅𝐵𝑉 − 4199,275551 = 0

− 4199,275551
𝑅𝐵𝑉 = = 149,9741268
28

𝑅𝐵𝑉 = −149,9741268 ≈ − 149,97 𝑘𝑔 (↓)

𝚺𝐌𝐁 = 𝟎

➢ (−𝑅𝐴𝑉 × 21) − (77, 3460225 × 28) − (154, 6920645 × 23,332) −

(154, 6920645 × 18,668) + (13,64930956 × 14) + (181,9906641 ×
9,332) + (181,9906641 𝑥 4,668) + (116,5688317 × 3,519) +
(116,5688317 × 7,038) + (58, 28441586 X 10,557) +
(68,56990102 𝑋 10,557) + (137,139802 X 7,038) +
(137,139802 X 3,519) = 0

➢ -28 𝑅𝐴𝑉 − 1906,192638 = 0

−1906,192638
RAV = = −68,07830852
28

RAV = 68,07830852 ≈ 68,08 𝑘𝑔 (↑)

KONTROL
RAV + RBV =0

68,08 𝑘𝑔 (↑) + ( − 149,97 𝑘𝑔 (↓) = 81,89 𝑘𝑔 ………… OK!!!!

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Tabel 1. Gaya Batang Akibat Beban Angin Kanan

GAYA BEBAN VERTIKAL

BATANG GAYA
A1 19.05
A2 6.92
A3 126.42
A4 -32.89
A5 108.46
A6 96.65
B1 686.26
B2 528.73
B3 179.83
B4 -8.17
D1 -190.37
D2 165.58
D3 -288.4
D4 340.03
D5 -195.37
D6 225.81
V1 -42.49
Keterangan :
(+ ) = Batang Tarik
( - ) = Batang Tekan

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3. BEBAN ANGIN
Besar tekanan angin = 30 kg/m
Kemiringan atap = 37
Koefisien Angin tekan = 0,02 . 37 – 0,4
= 0,34
Angin hisap = - 0,4
• Gaya angin tekan, P tekan ( tegak lurus batang tepi atas )
P tekan = koef.angin x tek,angin x pnjng btg,tepi atas x jrk
kuda-kuda
= 0,34 . 30 . 5,843. 3,25
= 193, 69545
• Gaya angin hisap, P hisap ( tegak lurus batang tepi atas )
P hisap = koef, angin x tek.angin x pnjg btg.tepi atas x jrk kusa-kuda
= -0,4 . 30. 5,843. 3,25

= −227,877
P tekan dan P hisap diuraikan terhadap sumbu X & Y
➢ ANGIN KIRI
• Angin Tekan
P = 193, 69545 kg
1⁄2 P = 96,847725 kg
• Gaya vertikal :
✓ P cos ∝ = 193, 69545 cos 37° = 154, 6920645 kg
✓ 1⁄2 P cos ∝= 96,847725 cos 37° = 77, 3460225 kg
✓ Gaya horizontal :
✓ 𝑃 sin ∝ = (193, 9275) sin 37° = 116,5688317 kg
✓ 1⁄2 P sin ∝ = (96,96375) sin 37° = 58, 28441586 kg
• Angin Hisap
P = −227,877
½ P = -113,9385
Gaya vertikal :
✓ P cos ∝ = −227,877 C0S 37° = -181,9906641 kg
✓ ½ P cos ∝ = -113,9385 C0S 37° = 90,99533206 kg
Gaya horizontal :
✓ 𝑃 sin ∝ = −227,877 Sin 37° = -137,139802 kg
✓ 1⁄2 P sin ∝ =-113,9385 sin 37° = - 68,56990102 kg

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REAKSI PERLETAKAN :

𝚺𝐌𝐕 = 𝟎

RAV + RBV – 77, 3460225 – 154, 6920645 - 154, 6920645+ 13,64930956+

181,9906641 + 181,9906641 + 90,99533206 = 0
RAV + RBV = - 81,89581832 ≈ 81,89 𝑘𝑔

𝚺𝐌𝐕 = 𝟎

RAH - ( 2 X 58, 28441586) - (2 X 116,5688317) - (2 X 137,139802 ) - (2

X 68,56990102) = 0
RAH = – 761,1259012 kg

𝚺𝐌𝐗 = 𝟎
𝚺𝐌𝐁 = 𝟎
➢ −(𝑅𝐴𝑉 × 28) − ( 90,99533206 × 28) − (181,9906641 × 23,332) −
(181,9906641 × 18,668) − (13,64930956 × 14) + (154, 6920645 ×
9,332) + (154, 6920645 × 4,668 ) + (116,5688317 × 3,519) +
(116,5688317 × 7,038) + (58, 28441586 X 10,557) +
(68,56990102 𝑋 10,557) + (137,139802 X 7,038) +
(137,139802 X 3,519) = 0

➢ 28 𝑅𝐴𝑉 − 4199,275551 = 0

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 − 4199,275551
𝑅𝐴𝑉 = = 149,9741268
28

𝑅𝐴𝑉 = −149,9741268 ≈ − 149,97 𝑘𝑔 (↓)

𝚺𝐌𝐀 = 𝟎

➢ (𝑅𝐵𝑉 × 21) + (77, 3460225 × 28) + (154, 6920645 × 23,332) +

(154, 6920645 × 18,668) − (13,64930956 × 14) − (181,9906641 ×
9,332) − (181,9906641 𝑥 4,668) − (116,5688317 × 3,519) −
(116,5688317 × 7,038) − (58, 28441586 X 10,557) −
(68,56990102 𝑋 10,557) − (137,139802 X 7,038) −
(137,139802 X 3,519) = 0

➢ -28 𝑅𝐵𝑉 − 1906,192638 = 0

−1906,192638
RBV = = −68,07830852
28

RBV = 68,07830852 ≈ 68,08 𝑘𝑔 (↑)

KONTROL
RBV + RAV =0

68,08 𝑘𝑔 (↑) + ( − 149,97 𝑘𝑔 (↓) = 81,89 𝑘𝑔 ………… OK!!!!

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Tabel 1. Gaya Batang Akibat Beban Angin Kiri

GAYA BEBAN VERTIKAL

BATANG GAYA
A1 93.33
A2 107.41
A3 -33.18
A4 126.13
A5 5.87
A6 15.72
B1 -765.43
B2 -580.18
B3 -231.28
B4 -71
D1 223.86
D2 -194.35
D3 338.17
D4 -290.26
D5 166.6
D6 -192.32
V1 -40.83
Keterangan :
(+ ) = Batang Tarik
( - ) = Batang Tekan

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TABEL 4.4. KOMBINASI GAYA-GAYA BATANG

AKIBAT AKIBAT BEBAN BEBAN

BEBAN BEBAN BEBAN BEBAN SEMENTARA SEMENTARA BEBAN
KODE
VERTIKAL ANGIN ANGIN TETAP ANGIN TERPKAI
BATANG
KANAN KIRI KANAN
Angin kiri
Kg Kg Kg Kg Kg Kg Kg
A1 -5500.94 19.05 93.33 -5500.94 -5407.61 -5481.89
A2 -4763.24 6.92 107.41 -4763.24 -4655.83 -4756.32
A3 -3311.86 126.42 -33.18 -3311.86 -3345.04 -3185.44
-5500.94
A4 -3311.86 -32.89 126.13 -3311.86 -3185.73 -3344.75
A5 -4763.24 108.46 5.87 -4763.24 -4757.37 -4654.78
A6 -5500.94 96.65 15.72 -5500.94 -5485.22 -5404.29
B1 4379.24 686.26 -765.43 4379.24 3613.81 5065.5
B2 3529.41 528.73 -580.18 3529.41 2949.23 4058.14
4379.24
B3 3529.41 179.83 -231.28 3529.41 3298.13 3709.24
B4 4379.24 -8.17 -71 4379.24 4308.24 4371.07
D1 -1034.4 -190.37 223.86 -1034.4 -810.54 -1224.77
D2 884.02 165.58 -194.35 884.02 689.67 1049.6
D3 -1547.63 -288.4 338.17 -1547.63 -1209.46 -1836.03
-1837.89
D4 -1547.63 340.03 -290.26 -1547.63 -1837.89 -1207.6
D5 884.02 -195.37 166.6 884.02 1050.62 688.65
D6 -1034.4 225.81 -192.32 -1034.4 -1226.72 -808.59
V1 2597.3 -42.49 -40.83 2597.3 2556.47 2554.81 2597.3

Keterangan :
(+ ) = Batang Tarik
( - ) = Batang Tekan

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