TINGGI ATAP

1/2 bentang x sudut kemiringan ( untuk spandek 0-60 derajat )

bentang = 10.2
sudut = 30

5.1 x 0.57735027 = 2.94448637 ……. 3 meter

DIK : Lebar Bentang (L) = 10.2 m
Sudut Kemiringan = 30 derajat
panjang kap (a) = 3 m
jarak gording (b) = 1.856 m
jarak kuda-kuda(S) = 1.2 m
B. Atap Spandek = 5.59 kg/m2

BEBAN MATI (D)

1 Berat Atap (qa)
qa = Berat Atap x a x b
= 5.59 x 3 x 1.856
= 31.13 kg

2 B. Gording
Gording T.S 40.045 Lp = 60.86 mm2 = 6.086 x 10 -5

qb = Lp + berat isi baja + a + jumlah gording

= 6.086 x 10 -5 x 7850 x 3 x 4
= 5.73 kg
qD = qa + qb = 31.13 + 5.733 = 36.85813 kg

BEBAN HIDUP (L)

B. min Atap = 96 kg

La = Berat Minimum Atap x b x S *b. min atap dari tabel 2.2

= 96 x 1.856 x 1.2
= 213.8112 kg

BEBAN ANGIN (Pw)

1 resiko I *tabel 2.3
2 kecepatan angin dasar (V)
V = 27.83 m/dtk 25

P = V²/16
V =
= 28 x 16
= 21 m/s

3 parameter beban angin

1) niali faktor arah angin (Kd) = 0.85 *tabel 2.4
2) struktur termasuk dalam kategori eksposur B
3) faktor topografi (Kzt) = 1
4) faktor efek tiup angin (G) = 0.85
 5) struktur bangunan dalam kategori bangunan tertutup
6) koefisien tekanan internal (GCpi) = 0.18 *tabel 2.5

4 koefisien eksposur tekanan velositas

tinggi bangunan (z) = 7 m , sehingga z< 15 ft, maka:

Kz = 2.01 (15/zg) 2/∝ * nilai zg dan ∝ dari tabel 2.7

= 2.01 ( 15 / 1200 ) 2/7

= 0.575

5 koefisien tekanan velositas, q

q = 0.615 x Kz x Kzt x Kd x V²
= 0.615 x 0.575 x 1 x 0.85 x 27.83 2 774.5089
= 197.786 N/m²

6 koefisien tekanan eksternal (Cp)

Cp angin datang = -0.3 * Cp dari tabel 2.8

Cp angin pergi = -0.6

7 tekanan angin, p
p datang = (qh x G x Cp datang) - (qh x GCpi)
= ( 197.8 x 0.85 x -0.3 ) - ( 197.8 x 0.18 )
= -86 N/m² = -8.776 kg/m²

p pergi = (qh x G x Cp pergi) - (qh x GCpi)

= ( 197.8 x 0.85 x -0.6 ) - ( 197.8 x 0.18 )
= -136 N/m² = -13.92 kg/m²
* nilai p diaplikasikan ke struktur
qh datang = p datang x a x b
= -25 x 1.2 x 2 = -55.68 kg (hisap) -111 0.564
qh pergi = p pergi x a x b -31.39
= -25 x 1.2 x 2 = -55.68 kg (hisap)

BEBAN HUJAN
R = 0.0098 (ds + dh)
* ds = 10 mm
dh = 0 mm
R = 0.0098 ( 10 + 0 )
= 0.098 KN/m² = 98 N/m²

qR = R x b x s
= 98 x 1.856 x 1.2
 = 218.2656 N = 22.26 kg

Pg = RxLxb
= 0.098 x 10.2 x 1.856
= 1.855258 kg

p = qGCp - qi(Gcpi)
=
=
-0.826
45.99
beban mati (D) = 36.858 kg
beban hidup (L) = 213.8112 kg
beban hujan ( R) = 22.263091 kg
Total beban vertikal (PV) = 272.932 kg
beban angin (W) = datang (Pd) : 55.68 kg
pergi (Pp) : 56 kg
Tengah (Pt) : 111.36 kg

REAKSI PERLETAKAN

MA = - VB.L - 1/2PV1.L+PV3.L+PV4.L+PV5.L+PV6.L+PV7.L
= - VB x 820 - ( 136.466 x 100 ) + ( 272.932 x 90 ) + ( 272.932
( 272.932 x 410 ) + ( 272.932 x 570 ) + ( 272.932 x 730
= - VB x 820 + 671413.761
VB = 671413.761
= 818.79727
820
VA = V B = 818.80

Control
V = 0
= VA + VB - 1/2PV1 - PV2 - PV3 - PV4 - PV5 - PV6 - 1/2PV7
= 818.80 + 818.80 - 136.4662 - 272.932 - 272.932 - 272.932
= 1637.59 - 1637.59
= 0 …….. OK X

H = Pd + Pd +1/2 Pd + Pt + 1/2 Pp + Pp+ Pp

= 389.76

Metode Titik Simpul

Titik A
V = 0 ̶→ - 1/2 Pv1 + b1 . Sin α = 0
- 1/2 x 272.932 + ( b1 x Sin 30˚ ) = 0
- 136.466 + ( b1 x 0.5 ) = 0
136.466
b1 = = 272.9324 (Tarik)
0.5

H = 0 ̶→ - 1/2 Pd1 + H + b1 . cos α + b8

- 1/2 x 55.68 + 389.76 + ( 272.93242 x cos 30˚) +
 362 + ( 272.9324 x 0.866 ) + b8
598.286412 + b8
b8 = -598.286 (Tekan)

Titik B
V = 0 ̶→ VA + b15 . Sin α = 0
818.797 + ( b15 x Sin 51˚ ) = 0
818.797 + ( b15 x 0.777 ) = 0
-819
b15 = = -1053.595 (Tekan)
0.777

H = 0 ̶→ - b8 + b15 . Cos α + b9 = 0
- 598.286 + (b15 x cos 51 ˚ ) + b9 = 0
- 598.286 + ( -1053.595 x 0.6293 ) + b9 = 0
- 598.286 - 663.0489553 + b9 = 0
b9 = 1261.335 (Tarik)

Titik C
V = 0 ̶→ - Pv2 - b15 - b16. Sinα + b3. Sinα
- 272.932 - 1053.595 - (b16 x Sin 54˚) + (b3 x sin 30˚)
- 1326.528 - (b16 x 0.809 ) + (b3 x 0.5 )
- 0.81 b16 + 0.5 b3

H = 0 ̶→ - Pd2 - b15 + b16. cosα + b3. cosα

- 55.680 - 1053.595 + (b16 x cos 54˚) + (b3 x cos 30˚)
- 1109.275 - (b16 x 0.588 ) + (b3 x 0.866 )
- 0.59 b16 + 0.866 b3

Eliminasi Subtitusi

-0.809 b16 + 0.5 b3 = 1326.528 1.732 ( -0.809 x 1460.82

-0.59 b16 + 0.866 b3 = 1109.275 _ 1 -1181.828 +
-1.401 b16 + 0.86603 b3 = 2297.6133 144.699
b3 =
-0.588 b16 + 0.86603 b3 = 1109.2752 _ 0.5
-0.813 b16 = 1188.3381
b16 = 1188.3381
0.81
= 1460.82 (Tarik)

Titik D
V = 0 ̶→ b16 + b17 . Sin α = 0
1460.820 + (b17 x sin 69 ˚ ) = 0
1460.820 + (b17 x 0.934 ) = 0
 -1460.820
b17 = = -1564.75 (Tekan)
0.93

H = 0 ̶→ - b16 + b17 . Cos α + b10 - b9

- 1460.820 + (b17 x cos 69 ˚ ) + b10 - 1261.335
- 1460.820 + ( -1564.75 x 0.3584 ) + b10 - 1261.335
- 1460.820 - 560.756264 + b10 - 1261.335
b10 = 3282.912 (Tarik)

Titik E
V = 0 ̶→ - Pv3 + b17 - b18. Sinα + b4. Sinα
- 272.932 + 1564.750 - (b18 x Sin 69˚) + (b4 x sin 30˚)
1291.818 - (b16 x 0.809 ) + (b3 x 0.5 )
-0.81 b18 + 0.5 b4

H = 0 ̶→ - Pd3 + b17 + b18. cosα + b4. cosα

- 55.680 + 1564.750 + (b18 x cos 69˚) + (b4 x cos 30˚)
1509.070 + (b18 x 0.358 ) + (b4 x 0.866 )
0.36 b16 + 0.866 b3

Eliminasi Subtitusi

-0.81 b18 + 0.5 b4 = -1291.818 1.732 ( -0.809 x 413.96496

0.36 b18 + 0.866 b4 = -1509.070 _ 1 -334.905 +
-1.401 b18 + 0.86603 b4 = -2237.494 -1626.722
b4 =
0.3584 b18 + 0.86603 b4 = -1509.07 _ 0.5
-1.76 b18 = -728.4237
b18 = -728.4237
-1.76
= 413.965 (Tarik)

Titik F
V = 0 ̶→ b18 + b19 . Sin α = 0
413.965 + (b19 x sin 75 ˚ ) = 0
413.965 + (b19 x 0.966 ) = 0
-413.965
b19 = = -428.5681 (Tekan)
0.97

H = 0 ̶→ - b18 + b19 . Cos α + b11 - b10

- 413.965 + (b19 x cos 75 ˚ ) + b11 - b10
- 413.965 + ( -428.568 x 0.3584 ) + b11 - 3282.912
- 413.965 - 153.5850576 + b11 - 3282.912
b11 = 3850.462 (Tarik)
Titik G
V = 0 ̶→ - Pv4 + b19 - b20. Sinα + b5. Sinα
- 272.932 + 428.568 - (b20 x Sin 75˚) + (b5 x sin 30˚)
155.636 - (b20 x 0.966 ) + (b5 x 0.5 )
-0.97 b20 + 0.5 b5

H = 0 ̶→ - Pd4 + b199 + b20. cosα + b5. cosα

- 55.680 + 428.568 + (b20 x cos 75˚) + (b5 x cos 30˚)
372.888 + (b20 x 0.259 ) + (b5 x 0.866 )
0.26 b20 + 0.866 b5

Eliminasi Subtitusi

-0.97 b20 + 0.5 b5 = -155.636 1.732 ( -0.966 x -53.48197

0.26 b20 + 0.866 b5 = -372.888 _ 1 51.660 +
-1.673 b20 + 0.86603 b5 = -269.5688 -103.976
b5 =
0.2588 b20 + 0.86603 b5 = -372.8881 _ 0.5
-1.932 b20 = 103.31923
b20 = 103.31923
-1.93
= -53.482 (Tarik)

Titik H
V = 0 ̶→ b20 + b21 . Sin α = 0
-53.482 + (b21 x sin 69 ˚ ) = 0
-53.482 + (b21 x 0.934 ) = 0
53.482
b21 = = 57.286942 (Tekan)
0.93

H = 0 ̶→ - b20 + b21 . Cos α + b12 - b

- -53.482 + (b21 x cos 69 ˚ ) + b12 - b11
- -53.482 + ( 57.28694 x 0.3584 ) + b12 - 3850.462
- -53.482 - -20.52980401 + b12 - 3850.462
b12 = 3776.450 (Tarik)

Titik I
V = 0 ̶→ - Pv5 + b21 - b22. Sinα + b6. Sinα -b5
- 272.932 + -57.287 - (b22 x Sin 69˚) + (b6 x sin 30˚)
-330.219 - (b22 x 0.809 ) + (b5 x 0.5 ) - 207.95205
-0.81 b22 + 0.5 b6

H = 0 ̶→ - Pp1 + b21 + b22. cosα + b6. cosα + b5

 - 55.680 + -57.287 + (b22 x cos 69˚) + (b6 x cos 30˚)
- -1.607 + (b22 x 0.358 ) + (b6 x 0.866 ) + 207.95205
0.36 b16 + 0.866 b3

Eliminasi Subtitusi

-0.81 b22 + 0.5 b6 = 538.171 1.732 ( -0.809 x -648.8304

0.36 b22 + 0.866 b6 = -209.559 _ 1 524.915 +
-1.401 b22 + 0.86603 b6 = 932.14023 1063.086
b6 =
0.3584 b22 + 0.86603 b6 = -209.559 _ 0.5
-1.76 b22 = 1141.6992
b22 = 1141.6992
-1.76
= -648.830 (Tekan)

Titik J
V = 0 ̶→ b22 + b23 . Sin α = 0
-648.830 + (b23 x sin 54 ˚ ) = 0
-648.830 + (b23 x 0.809 ) = 0
648.830
b23 = = 801.99853 (Tarik)
0.81

H = 0 ̶→ - b22 + b23 . Cos α + b13 - b12

- 648.830 + (b22 x cos 54 ˚ ) + b13 - b12
- 648.830 + ( 801.9985 x 0.3584 ) + b13 - 3776.450
- 648.830 + 287.4105679 + b13 - 3776.450
b13 = 4137.870 (Tarik)

Titik K
V = 0 ̶→ - Pv6 + b23 - b24. Sinα + b7. Sinα -b6
- 272.932 + 801.999 - (b24 x Sin 39˚) + (b7 x sin 30˚)
529.066 - (b24 x 0.809 ) + (b6 x 0.5 ) - 2126.1725
-0.81 b24 + 0.5 b7

H = 0 ̶→ - Pp2 + b23 + b24. cosα + b7. cosα + b6

- 55.680 + 801.999 + (b23 x cos 39˚) + (b7 x cos 30˚)
746.319 + (b23 x 0.777 ) + (b7 x 0.866 ) + 2126.1725
0.78 b24 + 0.866 b7

Eliminasi Subtitusi

-0.81 b24 + 0.5 b7 = 1597.106 1.732 ( -0.809 x -2588.482

0.78 b24 + 0.866 b7 = -2872.491 _ 1 2094.126 +
-1.401 b24 + 0.86603 b7 = 2766.2695 3691.232
b7 =
0.7771 b24 + 0.86603 b7 = -2872.491 _ 0.5
-2.178 b24 = 5638.7605
b24 = 5638.7605
-2.18
= -2588.482 (Tekan)

Titik L
H = 0 ̶→ - b24 - b13 + b14 = 0
- 2588.482 - 4137.870 + b14 = 0
- 2588.482 - 4137.870 + b14 = 0
b14 = 6726.352 (Tarik)
272.932 x 250 )+ h az
)+( 136.466 x 920 )

272.932 - 272.932 - 136.46621

= 0
b8 = 0
 = 0
= 0

= 0
(b3 x sin 30˚) = 0
= 0
= 1326.528

= 0
(b3 x cos 30˚) = 0
= 0
= 1109.275

) + 0.5 b3 = 1326.528
0.5 b3 = 1326.528
= 289.39886 (Tarik)
 = 0
= 0
= 0
= 0

= 0
(b4 x sin 30˚) = 0
= 0
= -1291.818

= 0
(b4 x cos 30˚) = 0
= 0
= -1509.070

) + 0.5 b4 = -1291.818
0.5 b4 = -1291.818
-1626.722
= -3253.445 (Tekan)
0.5

= 0
= 0
= 0
= 0
 = 0
(b5 x sin 30˚) = 0
= 0
= -155.636

= 0
(b5 x cos 30˚) = 0
= 0
= -372.888

) + 0.5 b5 = -155.636
0.5 b5 = -155.636
-103.976
= -207.952 (Tekan)
0.5

= 0
= 0
= 0
= 0

= 0
(b6 x sin 30˚) - 207.95205 = 0
207.95205 = 0
= 538.171

= 0
(b6 x cos 30˚) + 207.95205 = 0
207.95205 = 0
= -209.559

) + 0.5 b6 = 538.171
0.5 b6 = 538.171
1063.086
= 2126.1725 (Tarik)
0.5

= 0
= 0
= 0
= 0

= 0
(b7 x sin 30˚) - 2126.1725 = 0
2126.1725 = 0
= 1597.106

= 0
(b7 x cos 30˚) + 2126.1725 = 0
2126.1725 = 0
= -2872.491

) + 0.5 b7 = 1597.106
0.5 b7 = 1597.106
3691.232
= 7382.4645 (Tarik)
0.5
TABEL GAYA AKSIAL

No. Btg Nilai Gaya Aksial Satuan Ket No. Btg Nilai Gaya Aksial Satuan
b1 272.932 N b9 1261.335 N
b3 289.399 N b10 3282.912 N
b4 -3253.445 N b11 3850.462 N
b5 -207.952 N b12 3776.450 N
b6 2126.173 N b13 4137.870 N
b7 7382.464 N b14 6726.352 N
b8 -598.286 N b15 -1053.595 N
N b16 1460.820 N

MAX 7382.464 6726.352

MIN -3253.445 -1053.595
Satuan Ket No. Btg Nilai Gaya Aksial Satuan Ket
N b17 -1564.750 N
N b18 413.965 N
N b19 -428.568 N
N b20 -53.482 N
N b21 57.287 N
N b22 -648.830 N
N b23 801.999 N
N b24 -2588.482 N

801.999 6726.3516203575
-2588.482 -2588.48186223406
DATA * bawah tekan, atas Tarik
Jenis profil = C75.75 tekan = 730
tingg (a) = 75 mm tarik = 679.754
lebar (b) = 34 mm batang tekan
tebal (t) = 0.75 mm
lip canal ( c) = 8 mm
luas profil (Ag) = 113.2981 mm²
momen inersia arah x (ls) = 101859.18 mm⁴
momen inersia arah y (ly) = 17291.595 mm⁴
radius of gyration arah x (rs) = 29.9839 mm
radius of gyration arah y (ry) = 12.354 mm
panjang bentang (l) = 1434.97 mm

DESAIN BATANG TARIK

Gaya tarik max = 679.754

1 Kapasitas tarik
fy = 0.9 x fu
= 0.9 x 550
= 495 MPa

Nt = A g x fy
= 113.2981 x 495
= 56082.56 N = 5718.85 kg
2 rasio kapasitas aksial tarik
N* 679.754141420598
= = 0.13206891 < 1 ……. OK
Øt Nt 0.9 x 5718.85

DESAIN BATANG TEKAN

Gaya tekan max = 729.86498864

1 kontrol rasio maksimum

b/t < 60
34 / 0.75 < 60
45.3333333 < 60 ……. OK

2 kapasitas tekan
koordinat pusat geser
yo = 0

b² 3b²
xo = +
 xo = +
a + 2b 6b + a
2
34 3 x 34 2
= + = 20.5140 mm
75 + ( 2 x 34 ) ( 6 x 34 ) + 75

3 radius girasi
r01 = rs² + ry² + x0² + y0 ²
= 29.9839 2 + 12.354 2 + 20.5140 2 + 0²
= 38.373 mm

4 perbandingan luasan penampang

at1 75 x 0.75
F = = = 2.21
bt2 34 x 0.75

5 jarak pusat geser

3b 3 x 34
N = = = 12.4301 mm
F + 6 2.21 + 6

6 konstanta puntir
a² b³ t 2F+2
Iw =
12 F+6
75 2 x 34 ³ x 0.75 ( 2 x 2.21 ) + 3
=
12 2.21 + 6
= 12480605 mm⁴

7 konstanta torsi
J = bt³
3

= 2x
bt³
+
at³
3 3
34 x 0.75 3 75 x 0.75 3
= 2x +
3 3
= 20.109

8 tegangan tekuk elastis

²E 3.14² x 200000
fox = 2
= = 860.95 MPa
( l / rs ) 1434.97 / 29.9839 )²

G.J ² E.lw
foz = + 1+
A. r01² G.J.l²
80000 x 20.109 3.14² x 200000 x 12480605
= + 1 +
13.2981 x 38.3729 2 80000 x 20.109 x 1434.97 2
 = 90.587 MPa

9 koefisien
2 2
β
x0 20.5140
= 1 - = 1 - = 0.714
r01 38.3729

10 tegangan tekuk lentur, torsi dan lentur torsi elastis

1
foc = 2β (fox + foz) - (fox + foz)² - 4βfox foz
= 1
( 860.95 + 90.5873 ) - ( 860.95 + 90.5873 )² - 4
2 x 0.7142
= 0.7001 x ( 951.54 - 826.21 )
= 87.742 MPa

11 nilai kelangsingan
fy 495
λc = = = 5.6416
foc 87.742

12 tegangan kritis
λc > 1.5 , maka :

0.877 0.877
fn = fy = 495 = 13.63975 MPa
λc ² 5.64156 2

13 kapasitas penampang
Ns = Ae fy = 113.2981 x 495 = 56082.56

Nc = Ae fn = 113.2981 x 13.6398 = 1545.358

14 Rasio Kapasitas Aksial Tekan

N* 729.864988636756
= = 0.015311 < 1 ….. OK
ØcNs 0.85 x 56082.56

N* 729.864988636756
= = 0.555641 < 1 ….. OK
ØcNc 0.85 x 1545.3582
an, atas Tarik jarak 1,6 m jarak 1,5 jarak 1,75 m
730 760.98 659.15 667.86
679.754 279.64 299.42 530.85
1434.97 1118.03 875 mm
x 0.71421 x 860.95 x 90.5873
DATA SAMBUNGAN

jenis sambungan = self-drilling screw type 12-14x20

diameter sekrup (df) = 5.5 mm
diameter kepala ring dan sekrup= 12 mm
kuat geser nominal = 8.8 kN : 897.336 kg
kuat tarik minimum = 15.3 kN : 1560.141 kg
kuat torsi minimum = 13.2 kN : 1346.004 kg

DATA PROFIL
tebal profil (t) = 0.75 mm
kapasitas tegangan leleh (fy) = 495 MPa
kapasitas tegangan tarik (fu) = 550 MPa

PERHITUNGAN SAMBUNGAN DALAM GESER (JUNGKIT DAN TUMPU LUBANG)

1 Nilai faktor tumpu ( C )
t1/t2 = 0.75 / 0.75 = 1
df/t = 5.5 / 0.75 = 7.333

6 < df/t < 13, maka:

C = 3.3 - 0.1 ( df/t)

= 3.3 - 0.1 ( 5.5 / 0.75 )
= 2.567

2 Kapasitas screw
Vb1 = 4.2 ( t2³ df ) fu2
= 4.2 ( 0.75 3 x 5.5 ) x 550
= 3518.7241 N

Vb2 = Ct1 df fu1

= 2.567 x 0.75 x 550
= 1058.75 N

Digunakan nilai terkecil, Vb = 1058.75 N : 107.99 kg

3 jumlah screw
N* 679.7541414206
n = = = 12.589 → buah
$ . Vb 0.5 x 107.99

JARAK MINIMUM SAMBUNGAN

S > 3df
 S > 3x 5.5
S > 16.5 mm → 17 mm = 1.7 cm

CEK BATANG TARIK DAN TEKAN

desain batang tarik
An = Ag - ( 3 x df x t )
= 113.2981 - ( 3 x 5.5 x 0.75 )
= 100.923 mm²

Nt = 0.85 x kt x An x fu
= 0.85 x 0.85 x 100.9231 x 550
= 40104.317 N → 4090.640 kg

N* 679.754141420598
= = 0.1846367 < 1 ……. OK
Ø t Nt 0.9 x 4090.640

desain batang tekan

Ae = Ag - ( 3 x df x t )
= 113.2981 - ( 3 x 5.5 x 0.75 )
= 100.9231 mm²

Nc = Ae x fy
= 100.9231 x 495
= 49956.9345 N → 5095.607 kg

Nc = Ae x fn
= 49956.935 x 0
= 0 N → 0.000 kg

N* 729.864988636756
= = 0.1685108 < 1 ……. OK
Øc Ns 0.85 x 5095.607

N* 729.864988636756
= = #DIV/0! < 1 ……. #DIV/0!
Øc Nc 0.85 x 0.000