BAHAGIAN A/SECTION A

Jawab semua soalan yang diberi.

1. Jadual 1 menunjukkan bilangan proton dan bilangan neutron dalam tiga isotop karbon,
karbon-12, karbon-13 dan karbon-14.
Table 1 shows the number of proton and the number of neutron in three carbon isotope,
carbon-12, carbon-13 and carbon-14.

Isotop Bilangan proton Bilangan neutron

Isotope Number of proton Number of neutron
Karbon-12 Carbon-
6 6
12
Karbon-13 Carbon-
6 7
13
Karbon-14 Carbon-
6 8
14

Jadual 1
Table 1

(a) Nyatakan tiga zarah sub atom.

State three subatomic particles of an atom

………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]

(b) Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan isotop?

What is meant by isotope?

……………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………
[ 1 marks]

(c) Nyatakan satu kegunaan isotop karbon-14.

State a use of carbon-14 isotope.

……………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]

(d) Tuliskan susunan elektron bagi atom karbon-12.

 Write the electron arrangement of atom carbon-12.

……………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 marks]

(e) Tulis symbol atom bagi isotop karbon-13 dalam bentuk AZX?
Write the symbol of atom for carbon-13 isotope in the form AZX?

………………………………………………………………………………………………
[2 mark]

2. Jadual 2 menunjukkan dua unsur, T dan Q serta susunan elektron masing-masing.

Table 2 shows the two elements, T and Q as well as the arrangement of the electrons
respectively.

Unsur Elements Susunan elektron

Electron arrangement
T 2.8.7
Q 2.8.1

Jadual 2
Table 2

(a) Unsur T berada dalam Kumpulan 17

Element T is in Group 17

I. Apakah nama lain bagi Kumpulan 17?

What is another name for Group 17?

………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 marks]

II. Dalam kala manakah unsur T ditempatkan dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur?
In what period element T is placed in the Periodic Table of the Elements?
 ………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 marks]

(b) Unsur Q terbakar reaktif dalam oksigen berlebihan.

Element Q burns reactively in excess oxygen.

I. Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindakbalas tersebut.

Write the chemical equation for the reaction.

………………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks]

II. Hasil tindakbalas pada (b)(i) dilarutkan dalam air dan larutan yang terhasil diuji
dengan kertas litmus merah lembap.
Apakah perubahan yang berlaku?
The product in (b)(i) was dissolved in water and the resulting solution was tested
with damp red litmus paper.
What changes have taken place?

………………………………………………………………………………………
[ 1marks ]

3. Jisim suatu atom adalah sangat kecil. Oleh itu, ahli kimia menentukan jisim atom dengan
membandingkan jisim atom tersebut dengan atom yang lain yang dipanggil jisim atom
relatif. Rajah 1 menunjukkan perbandingan jisim antara atom X dengan atom karbon-12.
The mass of an atom is very small. Therefore, a chemist determines the mass of an atom by
 comparing the mass of the atom with another atom which is called relative atomic mass.
Diagram 3 shows the comparison of mass between atom X with atom carbon-12.

Atom X
C-12 C-12

Rajah 1
Diagram 1

(a) Beri satu sebab mengapa karbon-12 digunakan sebagai atom piawai untuk
membandingkan jisim atom.
Give one reason why carbon-12 is used as a standard atom to compare the mass
of atom.

…………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]

(b) Berdasarkan Rajah 3, nyatakan jisim atom relatif bagi atom X.

Based on Diagram 3, state the relative atomic mass for atom X.

…………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]

(c) Dalam suatu eksperimen, X bertindak balas dengan klorin untuk menghasilkan satu
sebatian, XCl2.
In an experiment, X reacts with chlorine to produce a compound, XCl2.
i. Tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas itu.
Write a chemical equation for the reaction.

…………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks]

ii. Dengan menggunakan jisim atom relatif bagi X daripada jawapan anda di
3(c)(i), hitung bilangan mol klorin yang diperlukan untuk bertindak balas
secara lengkap dengan 2.4 g unsur X.
By using the relative atomic mass of X from your answer in 3(c)(i),
calculate the number of moles of chlorine needed to react completely with
2.4 g of element X.
 [2 marks]

4. Jadual 3.1 dibawah menunjukkan bilangan proton bagi unsur nitrogen, N dan hidrogen,H
The table 3.1 shows the number of proton for the elements nitrogen, N and hydrogen, H.

Unsur Element Nombor proton Proton

number
Nitrogen, N
7
Nitrogen, N
Hidrogen, H
1
Hydrogen, H
Jadual 3.1
Table 3.1

(a) Nitogen, N dan hidrogen,H bertindak balas membentuk satu sebatian.

Nitrogen,N and hydrogen,H react to form a compound

i. Tulis susunan elektron bagi atom nitrogen

Write the electron arrangement of nitrogen atom

……………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]

ii. Nyatakan nama ikatan dalam sebatian yang terbentuk. State the name of the bond
in the compound formed.

………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 marks]

iii. Tuliskan persamaan kimia seimbang bagi tindak balas yang berlaku.
 Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction that takes place.

..............................................................................................................................
[2 marks]

(b) Terdapat beberapa fenomena dalam kehidupan seharian yang berkait rapat
dengan ikatan hidrogen. Terangkan bagaimana wujudnya ikatan hidrogen antara
selulosa kertas dengan molekul air, H2O pada hujung jari.
There are some phenomena in daily life that are closely related to hydrogen bond.
Explain how a hydrogen bond exists between the cellulose of the paper and the water
molecule, H2O at the fingertips.

.................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]

(c) Jadual 3.2 menunjukkan perbandingan takat lebur bagi etanol dan klorin. Table
3.2 shows a comparison of melting points for ethanol and chlorine.

Bahan Substance Takat didih (oC) Jenis ikatan dalam molekul

Boiling point (oC) Types of bonds in molecules
• Ikatan kovalen
Etanol, C2H5OH Covalent bond
78.0
Ethanol, C2H5OH • Ikatan hidogen
Hydrogen bond
Klorin, Cl2  Ikatan kovalen
Chlorine, Cl2 – 35.0 Covalent bond

Table 3.2

Terangkan mengapa terdapat perbezaan takat didih etanol dan klorin.

Explain why there is a difference in the boiling point of ethanol and chlorine.

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................
 [2 marks]

5. Diagram 11 shows a flow chart for the qualitative analysis of salt W. The green colour
of carbonate salt W is heated strongly to produce black colour of solid X and
colourless gas Z.
Rajah 11 menunjukkan carta alir analisis kualitatif bagi garam W. Garam karbonat
W yang berwarna hijau dipanaskan dengan kuat menghasilkan pepejal X berwarna
hitam dan gas tak berwarna Z .

(a) Based on Diagram 5,

Berdasarkan Rajah 5,

(i) State the name of salt W and solid X.

Nyatakan nama bagi garam W dan pepejal X.
Salt W .....................................................................................................
Garam W
Solid X .......................................................................................................
Pepejal X
(2 marks)

(ii) describe a chemical test to identify gas Z.

huraikan satu ujian kimia untuk mengenal pasti gas Z.

.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
 (2 marks)
(iii) what is the name of reaction in Process I?
apakah nama tindak balas dalam Proses I?

………..………...............................................................................................
(1 mark)
(iv) write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction in Process I.
tuliskan persamaan kimia yang seimbang bagi tindak balas dalam Proses
I. .................................................................................................................
........
(2 marks)
(b) Based on the observation in Process II and Process III, state the cation and anion
present in solution Y.
Berdasarkan pemerhatian dalam Proses II dan Proses III, nyatakan kation dan
anion yang hadir dalam larutan Y.

Cation : ...................................................................................................................
Kation

Anion : .....................................................................................................................
Anion

(2 marks)

6. Rajah 3 menunjukkan perwakilan piawai bagi dua atom, P dan Q

Figure 3 shows a standard representation of two atoms, P and Q

7
3 P 23

11Q
 Rajah 3
Diagram 3

(a) Unsur P dan Q berada dalam satu kumpulan yang sama dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur.
Elements P and Q are in the same group in the Periodic Table of the Elements.

(i) Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan kumpulan?

What is meant by group

……………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]

(ii) Kumpulan manakah P dan Q diletakkan di dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur dan
jelaskan mengapa?
Which groups P and Q are placed in the Periodic Table of the Elements and
explain why?

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………….……………………………………………………………………
[2 marks]

(b) 2.3 g unsur Q diletakkan di dalam air, terdapat gas tak berwarna dibebaskan.
2.3 g of element Q is placed in water, there is a colourless gas released.
[Jisim molar bagi Q = 23 g mol-1, isipadu molar gas pada suhu bilik=24 dm3]
[Molar mass for Q = 23 g mol-1 , molar volume of gas at room temperature = 24 dm3]

(i) Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindakbalas di (b)

Write the chemical equation for the reaction in (b)

…………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks]

(ii) Jika gas yang terbebas semasa tindak balas dikumpulkan, hitungkan isipadu
gas tersebut pada keadaan bilik.
If the gas released during the reaction is collected, calculate the volume of
the gas at room condition.
 [3 marks]

7. Diagram 4 shows the apparatus set-up to determine the empirical formula of oxide
metal M.
Rajah 4 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk menentukan formula empirik bagi
oksida logam M.

Diagram 4
Rajah 4

(a) (i) State the name of two reactants to prepare hydrogen gas in the laboratory.
Nyatakan nama dua bahan tindak balas untuk menyediakan gas hidrogen
dalam makmal.

.........................................................................................................................
(1 mark)
(ii) Write the chemical equation for the reaction in (a)(i).
Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas di (a)(i).

......………………………………………………………...………………
(2 marks)
(b) State one precaution that must be taken when carrying out the experiment.
Nyatakan satu langkah berjaga-jaga yang mesti diambil semasa menjalankan
 eksperimen itu.

...................................................................................................................................
(1 mark)
(c) Table 4 shows the results of the experiment:
Jadual 4 menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen itu:

Mass of combustion tube + asbestos paper

Jisim tiub pembakaran + kertas asbestos 36.50 g

Mass of combustion tube + asbestos paper + M oxide

Jisim tiub pembakaran + kertas asbestos + oksida M 37.30 g

Mass of combustion tube + asbestos paper + M

Jisim tiub pembakaran + kertas asbestos + M 37.14 g

Table 4

(i) Based on the results in Table 4, determine the empirical formula of M

oxide.
Berdasarkan keputusan dalam Jadual 4, tentukan formula empirik bagi
oksida M.
[Relative atomic mass ; O=16, M=64]
[Jisim atom relatif ; O=16, M=64]

(3 marks)
(ii) Write the chemical equation for the reaction between M oxide and
hydrogen gas
Tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas antara oksida M dengan gas
hidrogen.
.....................................................................................................................
....
(2 marks)
(d) (iii) The empirical formula of magnesium oxide cannot be determined by the
above method. Explain why.
Formula empirik bagi magnesium oksida tidak boleh ditentukan melalui
kaedah di atas. Terangkan menagapa..
.....................................................................................................
....................
(1 mark)
8. (a) Rajah 5.1 menunjukkan satu larutan piawai bagi asid oksalik, C2H2O4
Figure 5.1 shows a standard solution for oxalic acid, C2H2O4

500 cm 3 asid oksalik 2.0 mol dm -3

500 cm 3 of 2.0 mol dm -3 oxalic acid

Rajah 5.1
Diagram 5.1

i. Apakah maksud larutan piawai?

What is meant by standard solution ?

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]

ii. Nyatakan satu sifat kimia bagi asid

State one of chemical properties of acid

……………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]

iii. Tentukan jisim asid oksalik yang diperlukan untuk menyediakan larutan
piawai yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 8.1 [Jisim atom relatif : H=1, C-12,
O=16]
Determine the mass of oxalic acid required to prepare the standard solution
shown in Diagram 8.1
[Relative atomic mass: H=1, C-12, O=16]
 [3 marks]

(b) Rajah 5.2 menunjukkan dua eksperimen yang dijalankan bagi mengkaji sifat asid
oksalik yang dijalankan dalam makmal.
Figure 5.2 shows two experiments are carried out to study the properties of oxalic
acid conducted in the laboratory.

Larutan asid oksalik

Kertas litmus biru Oxalic acid solution
Serbuk asid oksalik Blue litmus paper
Oxalic acid powder
Tabung uji A Tabung uji B
Test tube A Test tube B

Rajah 5.2
Diagram 5.2

i. Nyatakan perubahan yang dapat diperhatikan pada kertas litmus merah dalam
kedua-dua tabung uji.
State the observable changes on the red litmus paper in both test tubes.

Tabung uji A :………………………………………………………………………

Test tube A

Tabung uji B :………………………………………………………………………

Test tube B
[2 marks ]

ii. Apabila pita magnesium dimasukkan ke dalam tabung uij B, didapati gas tanpa
warna dibebaskan.
Namakan gas yang terbebas itu.
Huraikan secara ringkas ujian kimia bagi gas yang terbebas.
When a piece of Mg strip is inserted into test tube B, colourless gas released.
 Name the gas released.
Describe briefly the chemical test for the gas released.

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………
[3 marks]

BAHAGIAN B/SECTION B
Answer one question from this section.

9 Rajah 6 menunjukkan perwakilan piawai bagi unsur klorin dan unsur bromin.
Diagram 6 shows the standard representation for element chlorine and bromine.

(a) Nyatakan warna dan keadaan fizik bagi unsur klorin dan unsur bromin pada
suhu bilik.
State the colour and physical state for element chlorine and element bromine
at room temperature.
 [4 markah / marks]

(b) Tulis susunan elektron bagi atom unsur klorin.

Nyatakan kedudukan atom ini dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur.
Terangkan jawapan anda.
Write the electron arrangement for the atom of the element chlorine.
State the position of this element in the Periodic table of Elements.
Explain your answer.
[5 markah / marks]

(c) Bandingkan daya tarikan antara nukleus dan elektron dalam atom antara unsur
klorin dengan unsur bormin dan kaitkan dengan kereaktifan masing-masing.
Compare the attractive forces between the nucleus and the electrons in the
atom between element chlorine with element bromine and relate this to their
respective reactivity.
[4 markah / marks]

(d) Apabila klorin bertindak balas dengan air, larutan berasid akan terbentuk,
When chlorine react with water, an acidic solution is formed.
(i) Tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas klorin dengan air.
Namakan asid-asid yang terhasil.
Write a chemical equation between chlorine and
water. Name the acids formed.
[4 markah / marks]

(ii) Nyatakan pemerhatian apabila sehelai kertas litmus biru dimasukkan

ke dalam hasil tindak balas. Jelaskan jawapan anda.
 State the observation when a blue litmus added into the products.
Explain you answer.
[3 markah / marks]

10 (a) Pepejal kalsium karbonat, CaCO3 merupakan komponen utama kekat yang
terbentuk dalam cerek dan pemanas air. Cara mudah untuk menanggalkan
kekat adalah dengan menambahkan sedikit asid hidroklorik. Dengan cara itu,
kalsium karbonat dapat ditukar kepada gas karbon dioksida, air dan garam
kalsium terlarut.
Solid calcium carbonate, CaCO3 is the main component of the scale
accumulated in kettles and boiler. A simple way to remove the scale is to add
some hydrochloric acid. By doing this, calcium carbonate is converted to
carbon dioxide gas, water and a soluble calcium salt.

(i) Namakan bahan tindak balas dalam tindak balas ini.

Name the reactants in the reaction.
[2 markah / marks]

(ii) Garam kalsium terlarut yang terhasil mempunyai formula kimia CaCl 2.
Namakan garam kalsium dan hitungkan peratus kandungan kalsium
dalam garam itu.
The soluble calcium salt produced has a chemical formula of CaCl2.
Name the calcium salt and find the percentage composition of calcium
in the salt.
[3 markah / marks]

(iii) Kekat dalam pemanas air mengandungi 50 g kalsium karbonat. Tuliskan

persamaan kimia untuk menunjukkan apa yang berlaku apabila asid
hidroklorik ditambah ke dalam pepejal kalsium karbonat.
Kemudian, hitungkan isi padu gas karbon dioksida yang terhasil pada
 keadaan bilik apabila asid hidroklorik berlebihan ditambah ke atas kekat
tersebut.
[Jisim atom relatif : C = 12, O = 16, Ca = 40, Cl = 35.5; 1 mol gas
menempati 24.0 dm3 pada keadaan bilik]
The scale in the boiler contains 50 g of calcium carbonate.
Write a chemical equation to show what happens when hydrochloric
acid is added to solid calcium carbonate. Then calculate the volume of
carbon dioxide gas produced at room condition when excess
hydrochloric acid is added to the scale.
[Relative atomic mass : C = 12, O = 16, Ca = 40, Cl = 35.5; 1 mol of
gas occupies 24.0 dm3 at room condition]
[5 markah / marks]

(b) Cuka adalah suatu larutan asid etanoik cair. Asid etanoik mempunyai formula
molekul, CH3COOH.
Vinegar is a dilute ethanoic acid solution. Ethanoic acid has a molecular
formula of CH3COOH.

(i) Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan formula molekul?

Tentukan formula empirik bagi asid etanoik. Nyatakan perbezaan antara
formula empirik asid etanoik dengan formula molekulnya.
What is meant by molecular formula?
Determine the empirical formula of ethanoic acid. State the
differences between the empirical formula of ethanoic acid and its
molecular formula.
[4 markah / marks]

(ii) Satu sampel asid etanoik tulen mempunyai jisim 240 g.

Hitungkan bilangan molekul asid etanoik dalam sampel itu.
[Jisim atom relatif : H = 1, C = 12, O = 16;
 Pemalar Avogadro = 6.02 x 1023 mol– 1 ]
A sample of pure ethanoic acid weighs 240 g. Calculate the number of
ethanoic acid molecules in the sample.
[Relative atomic mass : H = 1, C = 12, O = 16;
Avogadro constant = 6.02 x 1023 mol – 1]
[2 markah / marks]

(iii) Asid laktik yang dihasilkan oleh bakteria dalam susu menyebabkan susu
berasa masam. Asid laktik mempunyai formula empirik yang sama
dengan asid etanoik.
Jisim tiga molekul asid etanoik adalah sama dengan jisim dua molekul
asid laktik, tentukan formula molekul asid laktik itu.
Lactic acid, which is produced in milk by bacteria, causes a sour taste
in milk. It has a similar empirical formula with ethanoic acid.
Three molecules of ethanoic acid have the same mass as two molecules
of lactic acid, determine the molecular formula of lactic acid.
[4 markah / marks]
 BAHAGIAN C/SECTION C

11 Rajah 7 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi suatu eksperimen untuk mengkaji kereaktifan
unsur Kumpulan 1 terhadap oksigen.
Diagram 7 shows the apparatus set-up of an experiment to study the reactivity of
elements in Group 1 towards oxygen.

(a) Mengapakah unsur W, X dan Y terletak dalam Kumpulan 1?

Apakah nama lain bagi Kumpulan 1?
Why are elements W, X and Y placed in Group 1?
What is the other name for the Group 1?
[2 markah / marks]

(b) Berdasarkan rajah, susun kereaktifan unsur W, X dan Y terhadap oksigen

 dalam tertib menaik. Terangkan mengapa terdapat perbezaan dalam
pemerhatian. Tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas yang berlaku pada
unsur W.
Based on diagram, arrange the reactivity of elements W, X and Y
towards oxygen in ascending order. Explain why there are differences in
the observations. Write the chemical equation for the reaction that occurs
in element W.
[6 markah / marks]
(c) Nyatakan dua sifat fizik unsur Kumpulan 1.
State two physical properties of Group 1 elements.
[2 markah / marks]

(d) Apabila unsur Kumpulan 1 bertindak balas dengan air, larutan hidroksida
yang bersifat alkali akan terbentuk.
Dengan memilih satu daripada unsur di atas, huraikan satu eksperimen yang
boleh dijalankan dalam makmal untuk mengkaji tindak balas unsur Kumpulan
1 dengan air.
Sertakan dalam jawapan anda:
⚫ Prosedur
⚫ Permerhatian
⚫ Ujian untuk mengesahkan hasil tindak balas yang terbentuk
⚫ Persamaan kimia
When Group 1 elements react with water, alkaline hydroxide solution is
formed. By choosing one element above, describe an experiment that can be
carried out in the school laboratory to investigate the reaction of Group 1
element with water.
In your answer include:
⚫ Procedure
⚫ Observation
⚫ Test to verify the product formed
⚫ Chemical equation
[10 markah / marks]

-KERTAS SOALAN TAMAT-