MODUL POTENSI CEMERLANG SET 1

1 Diagram 1.1 shows the standard representation for the atoms of three elements
from Group 1 in the Periodic Table of Element.
Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan perwakilan piawai atom bagi tiga unsur daripada kumpulan
1 di dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur

7 23 39
Li Na K
3 11 19

Lithium Sodium Potassium

Litium Natrium Kalium
Diagram / Rajah 1.1

(a) What is represented by the number 23 in sodium element

Apakah yang diwakili oleh nombor 23 dalam unsure sodium

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[1 mark/ markah]
(b) State the number of valence electrons of sodium atom.
Nyatakan bilangan elektron valens pada atom natrium

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[1 mark/ markah]
(c) (i) Compare the size of lithium atom with sodium atom.
Bandingkan saiz atom litium dengan atom natrium.

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[1 mark /markah]
(ii) Explain your answer in c (i)
Terangkan jawapan anda dalam c (i)

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[1 mark /markah]

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(d) When element sodium is burnt in oxygen gas , sodium burns rapidly
and brightly with a yellow flame and produces white fumes.

Apabila unsur natrium dibakar dalam gas oksigen, natrium terbakar

cergas dengan nyalaan kuning terang dan membentuk wasap putih.

(i) Write the equation for the reaction between element sodium and
oxygen gas .
Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas antara unsur natrium dan
gas oksigen.

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[2 marks / markah]

(ii) Explain how a compound is formed between elements sodium and

oxygen based on their electron arrangement.
Jelaskan dari segi susunan elektron bagaimana natrium dan
oksigen terbentuk.

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[5 marks / markah]
(iii ) Draw the electron arrangement of the compound formed.
Lukis susunan elektron bagi sebatian yang terbentuk
[Proton number O= 8] [Nombor proton O=8]

[2 marks / markah]

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 (iv) Product formed at d (i) is dissolve in water. Then, add a few drops of
universal indicator is added to the solution formed.
Hasil yang terbentuk pada d(i) dilarutkan ke dalam air. Kemudian di
tambahkan beberapa titis penunjuk universal ke dalam larutan yang
terhasil.

State the observation on the universal indicator. Explain.

Nyatakan pemerhatian pada penunjuk universal. Terangkan

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[2 marks/ markah]
(e)

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2 Diagram 2 shows an apparatus set-up to investigate the effect of the mass of the gas
particles on the rate of diffusion. Both concentrated ammonia and hydrochloric acid
exist as gases. The reaction between these gases form white fumes.

Rajah 2 menunjukkan suatu susunan radas untuk mengkaji kesan jisim zarah
gas ke atas kadar resapan. Kedua-dua ammonia pekat dan asid hidroklorik pekat
wujud sebagai gas. Tindak balas antara gas-gas ini membentuk wasap putih.

Air
Udara

Cotton wool soaked in Cotton wool soaked in

concentrated ammonia Diagram 2 concentrated
solution, NH3 Rajah 2 hydrochloric acid, HCl
Wul kapas direndam Wul kapas direndam
dalam larutan amonia, dalam asid hidroklorik,
NH3 pekat HCl pekat

(a) State the type of particles in ammonia gas.

Nyatakan jenis zarah dalam gas ammonia

(b) State the name of gas formed from concentrated hydrochloric acid .
Nyatakan nama gas terbentuk daripada asid hidroklorik pekat.

(c) When NH3 and HCl gases reacted, a white fume is formed.
Apabila gas NH3 and HCl bertindak balas, suatu wasap putih terbentuk.

(i) State the name of the white fume.

Nyatakan nama wasap putih tersebut.

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[1 mark/ markah]

(ii) The relative molecular mass of ammonia gas, NH3 and hydrochloric acid, HCl are
17 and 36.5 respectively.
Mark ‘X’ in the combustion tube at Diagram 2 where the white fume is formed.

Jisim molekul relatif bagi ammonia, NH3 dan asid hidroklorik, HCl masing masing
adalah 17 dan 36.5 masing-masing.
Tandakan ‘X’ dalam tiub pembakaran pada Rajah 2 lokasi wasap putih itu terbentuk.
[1 mark / markah]

(iii) Explain your answer in (c)(ii). Terangkan jawapan

anda dalam (c)(ii).
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[2 marks / markah]

(d)
(e)

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[1 mark / markah]

(b) State the name of gas formed from concentrated hydrochloric acid .
Nyatakan nama gas terbentuk daripada asid hidroklorik pekat.

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[1 mark / markah]

(c ) When NH3 and HCl gases reacted, a white fume is formed.

Apabila gas NH3 and HCl bertindak balas, suatu wasap putih terbentuk.
(ii) State the name of the white fume.
Nyatakan nama wasap putih tersebut.

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[1 mark/ markah]

(iii) The relative molecular mass of ammonia gas, NH3 and hydrochloric
acid, HCl are 17 and 36.5 respectively.
Mark ‘X’ in the combustion tube at Diagram 2 where the white fume
is formed.

Jisim molekul relatif bagi ammonia, NH3 dan asid hidroklorik, HCl
masing masing adalah 17 dan 36.5 masing-masing.
Tandakan ‘X’ dalam tiub pembakaran pada Rajah 2 lokasi wasap putih itu
terbentuk.
[1 mark / markah]

(iv) Explain your answer in (c)(ii).

Terangkan jawapan anda dalam (c)(ii).

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[2 marks / markah]

(d) If the experiment is carried out in a hot surrounding, what will happen to the rate of
diffusion?
Explain why.
Jika eksperimen ini dijalankan dalam persekitan yang panas, apakah yang akan

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MODUL POTENSI CEMERLANG SET 1

terjadi kepada kadar resapan?

Terangkan mengapa.

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[3 marks / markah]

a) Archeology / arkeologi b) Medicine / perubatan

Diagram / Rajah 3.1

a) Based on diagram 3.1, state the isotope and its use in each field.
Berdasarkan rajah 3.1. nyatakan isotop dan kegunaannya dalam setiap bidang.

[4 marks / markah]

b) Figure 3.2 shows the electron arrangement of a molecule

PQ2. These letter are not the actual symbols of the elements.
Rajah 3.2 menunjukkan susunan elektron bagi molekul PQ2.
Huruf di atas bukan simbol sebenar bagi unsur tersebut.

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MODUL POTENSI CEMERLANG SET 1

Figure / Rajah 3.2

Based on Figure 3.2, write the electron arrangement for atoms of element P
and element Q.
Explain the position of element Q in the Periodic Table of the Elements.

Berdasarkan rajah 3.2, tuliskan susunan elektron bagi atom unsur P dan unsur Q.
Terangkan kedudukan unsur Q dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur.

[6 marks/ markah]

c) Table 3.1 shows the electron arrangement for atoms W, X and

Y. These letter are not the actual symbols of the elements.

Jadual 3.1 menunjukkan susunan elektron bagi atom W, X dan Y.

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MODUL POTENSI CEMERLANG SET 1

Huruf yang dinyatakan bukan menunjukkan simbol sebenar bagi unsur.

Element Electron arrangement

Unsur Susunan elektron
W 2.4
X 2.8.7
Y 2.8.8.2

Table / Jadual 3.1

Using the information in Table 3.1, explain how two compounds can be formed
from these elements based on their electron arrangements. The two compounds
should have different bond types.

Berdasarkan maklumat di atas jadual 3.1, terangkan bagaimana dua

sebatian terbentuk berdasarkan unsur-unsur berdasarkan susunan elektron.
Dua sebatian yang terbentuk seharusnya dari dua jenis ikatan yang berbeza.

[10 marks / markah]

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