MODUL KECEMERLANGAN KIMIA KELOMPOK CEMERLANG 2019

1. Diagram 1.1 shows the apparatus set-up for two types so cells, P and Q.
Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi dua jenis sel, P dan Q

Diagram 1.1
Rajah 1.1

(a) What is the colour of copper(II) sulphate solution?

Apakah warna larutan kuprum(II) sulfat?

…………………………………………………………………………
[1M]

(b) State all the anions present in copper(II) sulphate solution.

Nyatakan semua anion yang hadir dalam larutan kuprum(II) sulfat.

…………………………………………………………………………
[1M]

(c) Which electrode is the negative terminal in cell Q?

Elektrod manakah yang merupakan terminal negatif dalam sel Q?

…………………………………………………………………………
[1M]

(d) Write the half equation for the discharge of the anion in cell P.
Tulis setengah persamaan bagi anion yang dinyahcas dalam sel P.

……………………………………………………………………..……
[2M]

1
(e) Cell P and Cell Q are combined as shown in Diagram 1.2
Sel P dan sel Q digabungkan seperti ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 1.2.

Diagram 1.2
Rajah 1.2

(i) In Diagram 1.2, mark (√) in the box provided to show which electrode is the
anode in cell P. Explain your answer.
Dalam Rajah 1.2, tanda (√) dalam petak yang disediakan untuk menunjukkan
elektrod yang manakah adalah anod dalam sel P. Jelaskan jawapan anda.

(ii) The observation for the electrolyte in cell P and cell Q is the same. State the
observation and explain your answer.
Pemerhatian bagi elektrolit dalam sel P dan sel Q adalah sama. Nyatakan
pemerhatian tersebut dan jelaskan jawapan anda.

……………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………….
[2M]

(iii) Copper(II) sulphate solution in cell P is replaced with dilute sulphuric acid. A
colourless gas is produced at the cathode and the gas is collected. Describe
one chemical test o identify the gas produced.
Larutan kuprum(II) sulfat dalam sel P digantikan dengan asid sulfurik cair.
Gas tak berwarna dihasil pada katod dan dikumpulkan. Huraikan satu ujian
kimia untuk mengenal pasti gas yang dihasilkan.

………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………….
[2M]

2
2. (a) Diagram 2 shows the apparatus set-up for the titration of 25.0 cm 3 of 0.1 mol dm-3
sodium hydroxide, NaOH solution with dilute hydrochloric acid, HCl, using
phenolphthalein as an indicator.
Rajah 2 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi pentitratan antara 25.0cm3 larutan
natrium hidroksida, NaOH 0.1 mol dm-3 dengan asid hidroklorik cair, HC1,
menggunakan fenolftalein sebagai penunjuk

Diagram 2
Rajah 2

(i) Name the type of reaction that occurs in the conical flask.
Namakan jenis tindak balas yang berlaku dalam kelalang kon itu.

………………………………………………………………………………
[1M]

(ii) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction in 2(a)(i).

Tulis persamaan kimia yang seimbang bagi tindak balas dalam 6(a)(i).

………………………………………………………………………………..
[2M]

(iii) State the colour change of the solution in the conical flask when the end point
of titration is reached.
Nyatakan perubahan warna bagi larutan dalam kelalang kon itu apabila
takat akhir pentitratan dicapai.

………………………………………………………………………………..
[1M]

3
 (iv) 20.0 cm3 of hydrochloric acid is needed to neutralise completely the sodium
hydroxide solution in the conical flask.
20.0 cm3 asid hidroklorik diperlukan untuk meneutralkan dengan lengkap
larutan natrium hidroksida dalam kelalang kon itu. Hitung kemolaran asid
hidroklorik itu.

[2M]

(b) Table 2 shows the concentration and volume of two different types of strong acid, X
and Y, which are used to neutralise 20.0 cm 3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 potassium hydroxide
solution.
Jadual 2 menunjukkan kepekatan dan isi padu dua jenis asid kuat yang berlainan, X
dan Y, yang digunakan untuk meneutralkan 20.0 cm3 larutan kalium hidroksida 0.5
mol dm-3

Acid
X Y
Asid
X 0.5 mol dm-3 0.5 mol dm-3
Y V cm3 2 V cm3
Table 2
Jadual 2

Based on the information in Table 2, identify acid X and Y.

Berdasarkan maklumat dalam Jadual 2, kenal pasti asid X dan asid Y

X: …………………………………………………………………

Y: …………………………………………………………………
[2M]

(c) Sulphuric acid solution contains sulphate ion, SO 42-. Describe one confirmatory test
for sulphate ion, SO42-.
Larutan asid sulfurik mengandungi ion sulfat, SO42-. Huraikan satu ujian pengesahan
bagi ion sulfat, SO42-.

…………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………….
[2M]

4
3. Diagram 3 shows the apparatus set-up to study the electrolysis of 1.0 mol dm -3 copper(II)
sulphate solution. In Set I, carbon electrodes are used. In Set II, copper electrodes are used.
Rajah 3 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk mengkaji elektrolisis larutan kuprum(II) sulfat 1.0
mol dm-3. Dalam Set I, elektrod karbon digunakan. Dalam Set II, elektrod kuprum

Set I Set II
Diagram 3
Rajah 3

(a) What is the meaning of an anion?

Apakah maksud anion?

……………………………………………………………………………………………
[1M]

(b) State all the anions and cations in copper(II) sulphate solution.
Nyatakan semua anion dan kation dalam larutan kuprum(II) sulfat.

Anions : …………………………………………………………
Anion

Cations : …………………………………………………………
Kation
[3M]

(c) Based on Set I in Diagram 3:

Berdasarkan Set I dalam Rajah 3:

(i). Write the formula of the ion that is selectively discharged at the anode.
Tulis formula bagi ion yang dipilih untuk dinyahcaskan di anod.

…………………………………………………………………………………
[1M]

(ii). Write the half-equation for the reaction that takes place at the anode.
Tulis setengah persamaan bagi tindak balas yang berlaku di anod.

…………………………………………………………………………………
[2M]

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 (iii). Describe briefly the chemical test to confirm the product at the anode.
Huraikan secara ringkas ujian kimia untuk mengesahkan hasil di anod.

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………
[2M]

(d). Compare the colour of the copper(II) sulphate solutions in Set I and Set II after one
hour of electrolysis. Give one reason for the answer.
Bandingkan warna larutan kuprum(II) sulfat dalam Set I dan Set II selepas satu jam
elektrolisis dijalankan. Beri satu alasan bagi jawapan itu.

Comparison : …………………………………………………………
Perbandingan

Reason : …………………………………………………………………
Alasan
[2M]

4. Diagram 4 shows the apparatus set-up for an experiment to investigate electron transfer at a
distance in redox reactions.
Rajah 4 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji pemindahan
elektron pada suatu jarak dalam tindak balas redoks.

Diagram 4
Rajah 4

(a). State the colour of iron(II) sulphate solution.

Nyatakan warna larutan ferum(II) sulfat.

…………………………………………………………………………………………
[1M]

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(b) When the circuit is completed, the galvanometer shows a deflection.
Apabila litar dilengkapkan, galvanometer menunjukkan satu pesongan.

(i). Write the half-equation for the reaction at X.

Tulis setengah persamaan bagi tindak balas di X.

…………………………………………………………………………………
[1M]

(ii). State the type of reaction in 4(b)(i).

Nyatakan jenis tindak balas di 4(b)(i).

…………………………………………………………………………………
[1M]

(iii) Describe briefly a chemical test to identify the cation formed in 4( b )(i)
Huraikan secara ringkas ujian kimia untuk mengenal pasti kation yang
terbentuk di 4(b)(i).

…………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………
[2M]

(c) (i). The half-equation below shows the reaction that occurs in acidified
potassium dichromate(VI) solution. Complete the half-equation.
Setengah persamaan di bawah menunjukkan tindak balas yang berlaku
dalam larutan kalium dikromat(VI) berasid. Lengkapkan setengah
persamaan itu.

Cr2072- + __H + __e  __Cr3+ + __H2O

[2M]

(ii) Based on the answers in 4(b)(i) and 4(c)(i), on Diagram 4, draw the arrows to
show the direction of electron flow.
Berdasarkan jawapan di 4(b)(i) dan 4(c)(i), pada Rajah 6, lukiskan anak
panah untuk menunjukkan arah aliran elektron.
[1M]

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(d) Table 4 shows a list of apparatus and materials.
Jadual 4 menunjukkan senarai radas dan bahan.

Apparatus and Materials

Radas dan Bahan
• Porous pot • Carbon electrodes
Pasu berliang Elektrod-elektrod karbon
• Beaker • Bromine water
Bikar Air bromin
• Connecting wires • Potassium iodide solution
Wayar penyambung Larutan kalium iodida
• Galvanometer
Galvanometer

Table 4
Jadual 4

Draw one labelled diagram to show the apparatus set-up to investigate electron
transfer at a distance. The diagram must include the apparatus and materials given in
Table 4. Mark in the diagram the positive and negative terminals of the cell.
Lukis satu rajah berlabel untuk menunjukkan susunan radas bagi mengkaji
pemindahan elektron pada suatu jarak. Rajah itu hendaklah menggunakan radas dan
bahan yang diberi dalam Jadual 4. Tandakan terminal positif dan negatif bagi sel
pada rajah itu

[3M]

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5. Table 5.1 shows information of three different food additives, P, Q and R.
Jadual 5.1 menunjukkan maklumat bagi tiga bahan tambah makanan yang berbeza, P, Q dan
R.

Food additive
Information
Bahan tambah
Maklumat
makanan
Added to a low-calorie soft drinks to sweeten it and for the
consumption of diabetic patients.
P
Ditambah kepada minuman ringan berkalori rendah supaya ia
menjadi manis dan untuk kegunaan pesakit diabetes.
Added to fresh meat to preserve it and to make it looks fresh.
Q Ditambah kepada daging segar supaya ia tahan lama dan kelihatan
segar.
Added to pickled chilli to provide an acidic condition, to slow down or
inhibit the growth of microorganisms.
R
Ditambah kepada jeruk cili untuk menyediakan keadaan yang berasid,
untuk melambatkan atau merencatkan pertumbuhan mikroorganisma.
Table 5.1
Jadual 5.1

(a) (i) Suggest the name for food additives P, Q and R.

Cadangkan nama bagi bahan tambah makanan P, Q dan R.

P : ……………………………………………………

Q : ……………………………………………………

R : ……………………………………………………
[3M]

(ii) State the advantage, disadvantage and your conclusion about the uses of food
additives in daily life.
Nyatakan kebaikan, keburukan dan kesimpulan anda tentang penggunaan
bahan tambah makanan dalam kehidupan.

………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………
[3M]

9
 (b) Table 5.2 shows information on the cleaning agent X and cleaning agent Y.
Jadual 5.2 menunjukkan maklumat mengenai agen pembersih X dan agen pembersih
Y.

Cleaning agents
X Y
Agen pembersih
Molecular formula
CH3(CH2)16COONa CH3(CH2)11OSO3Na
Formula molekul
Oil stain remain Oil stain disappears
Kesan minyak kekal Kesan minyak hilang

Cleaning action in
hard water
Tindakan pencucian
dalam air liat

Table 5.2
Jadual 5.2

(i) Which cleaning agent is soap?

Agen pembersih yang manakah adalah sabun?

…………………………………………………………………………………
[1M]

(ii) State the name of the process to prepare soap.

Nyatakan nama proses untuk menyediakan sabun

…………………………………………………………………………………
[1M]

10
 (iii) With the use of the following materials, describe briefly how to
differentiate between soap and detergent.
Dengan menggunakan bahan-bahan berikut, huraikan secara
ringkas bagaimana membezakan antara sabun dengan detergen.

 0.5 g soap
0.5 g sabun

 0.5 g detergent
0.5 g detergen

 hard water
air liat

 two boiling tubes

dua tabung didih

……………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………

..………………………………………………..…………………………………………..
[3M]

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6. Diagram 6 shows the apparatus set-up for the combination of cell I and cell II. Cell I supplies
electrical energy for cell II.
Rajah 6 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi gabungan sel I dan sel II. Sel I membekal tenaga
elektrik kepada sel II.

Diagram 6
Rajah 6

(a) State all the ions present in the copper(II) sulphate solution.
Nyatakan semua ion yang hadir dalam larutan kuprum(II) sulfat.

……………………………………………………………………………………………
[1M]

(b) State the negative terminal in cell I.

Nyatakan terminal negatif bagi sel I.

…………………………………………………………………………………………
[1M]

(c) After twenty minutes,

Selepas dua puluh minit,

(i) state the observation at magnesium electrode in cell I.

nyatakan pemerhatian pada elektrod magnesium di sel I.

…………………………………………………………………………………
[1M]

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 (ii) write half equations for the reaction occurred at the magnesium and copper
electrodes in cell I.
tulis setengah persamaan bagi tindak balas yang berlaku di elektrod
magnesium dan elektrod kuprum dalam sel I.

Magnesium electrode : ………………………………………………

Elektrod magnesium

Copper electrode : ………………………………………………

Elektrod kuprum
[2M]

(d) State the change in colour of copper(II) sulphate solution in cell I and cell II.
Nyatakan perubahan warna bagi larutan kuprum(II) sulfat dalam sel I dan sel II.

Cell I : …………………………………………………………
Sel I

Cell II : …………………………………………………………
Sel II
[2M]

(e) A metal Z is found containing some impurities. Z is located below copper in the
electrochemical series.
Suatu logam Z didapati mengandungi sedikit bendasing. Z terletak di bawah kuprum
dalam siri elektrokimia.

(i) State the method used to purify the metal Z.

Nyatakan kaedah yang digunakan untuk menulenkan logam Z itu.

…………………………………………………………………………………………
[1M]

(ii) Draw a labelled diagram for the apparatus set-up for 6(e)(i).
Lukis rajah berlabel untuk susunan radas bagi 6(e)(i).

[3M]

13
7. Diagram 7 shows alkene P, C4H8 undergoes reaction I to form compound Q. Compound Q
undergoes reaction II to form alkene P.
Rajah 7 menunjukkan alkena P, C4H8 melalui tindak balas I membentuk sebatian Q, Sebatian
Q melalui tindak balas II membentuk alkena P.

Reaction I
Tindak balas I

Reaction II
Tindak balas II

Diagram 7
Rajah 7

(a) State the name for alkene P, C4H8

Nyatakan nama bagi alkena P, C4H8

......................................................................................................................
[1M]

(b) Draw the structural formulae for two isomers of alkene P, C 4H8
Lukis formula struktur untuk dua isomer bagi alkena P, C4H8

[2M]

(c) (i) State the observation when alkene P is passed through into bromine water.
Nyatakan pemerhatian apabila alkena P dialirkan melalui air bromin.

......................................................................................................................
[1M]

(ii) Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction in 7(c)(i).
Tuliskan persamaan kimia seimbang bagi tindak balas dalam 7(c)(i).

......................................................................................................................
[2M]

14
Based on Diagram 7:
Berdasarkan Rajah 7:

(i) State the name of compound Q.

Nyatakan nama bagi sebatian Q.

...........................................................................................................................................
[1M]
(ii) Write the balanced chemical equation for the conversion of alkene P to compound Q
in reaction I.
Tulis persamaan kimia seimbang bagi penukaran alkena P kepada sebatian Q dalam
tindak balas I.

............................................................................................................................................
[2M]

Draw a labelled diagram how reaction II can be carried out in the laboratory. Lukis rajah
berlabel bagaimana tindak balas II dijalankan dalam makmal.

[2M]

15
8. Table 8 shows the values of heat of neutralisation, H for a reaction of sodium hydroxide
solution with two different acids.
Jadual 8 menunjukkan nilai haba peneutralan, H bagi tindak balas larutan natrium
hidroksida dengan dua asid yang berlainan.

Reactant
H (kJ mol-1)
Bahan tindak balas
Sodium hydroxide solution and ethanoic acid
- 53.7
Larutan natrium hidroksida dan asid etanoik
Sodium hydroxide solution and hydrochloric acid
- 57.3
Larutan natrium hidroksida dan asid hidroklorik
Table 8
Jadual 8

(a) State the meaning of heat of neutralisation.

Nyatakan maksud haba peneutralan.

......................................................................................................................
[1M]

(b) Based on Table 8:

Berdasarkan Jadual 8:

(i) State one observation that can be deduced from the values of heat of
neutralisation when sodium hydroxide solution reacts with the acids.
Nyatakan satu pemerhatian yang boleh dideduksikan daripada nilai-nilai
haba peneutralan apabila larutan natrium hidroksida bertindak balas
dengan asid itu.

......................................................................................................................
[1M]

(ii) Compare and explain why there is a difference in the values of heat of
neutralisation.
Banding dan terangkan mengapa terdapat perbezaan dalam nilai haba
peneutralan.

. ...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................
[3M]

16
(c) Draw the energy level diagram for the reaction between sodium hydroxide solution
with hydrochloric acid.
Lukis rajah aras tenaga bagi tindak balas antara larutan natrium hidroksida dengan
asid hidroklorik.

[3M]

(d) In an experiment, 100 cm3 of 10 mol dm3 of sodium hydroxide solution is added to
100 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid. Calculate the temperature change in the
experiment.
[Specific heat capacity of solution = 4.2 Jg-1 °C-1, Density of solution =1 g cm-3]
Dalam suatu eksperimen, 100 cm3 larutan natrium hidroksida 1.0 mol dm-3
dicampurkan kepada 100 cm3 asid hidroklorik 1.0 mol dm-3. Hitung perubahan suhu
dalam eksperimen itu.
[Muatan haba tentu larutan = 4.2 J g-1°C-1, Ketumpatan larutan = 1 g cm-3]

[2M]

17
9. Table 9 shows the information for four sets of experiment to construct the reactivity series of
metals.
Jadual 9 menunjukkan maklumat bagi empat set eksperimen untuk membina siri kereaktifan
logam.

Reactants Observation
Set
Bahan tindak balas Pemerhatian
Carbon + Iron(III) oxide Grey solid is formed
I
Karbon + Ferum(III) oksida Pepejal kelabu terbentuk
Carbon + Oxide of X Brown solid is formed
II
Karbon + Oksida X Pepejal perang terbentuk
Carbon + Magnesium oxide No change
III
Karbon + Magnesium oksida Tiada perubahan
X + Iron(III) oxide No change
IV
X + Ferum(III) oksida Tiada perubahan
Table 9
Jadual 9

(a) Set I is a redox reaction.

Set I adalah tindak balas redoks.

(i) What is the meaning of redox reaction?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan tindak balas redoks?

……………………………………………………………………………………
[1M]

(ii) Write the chemical equation for the reaction.

Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas itu

…………………………………………………………………………………..
[2M]

(iii) State the change in the oxidation number of iron.

Nyatakan perubahan nombor pengoksidaan bagi besi

…………………………………………………………………………………
[1M]

(iv) Which substance undergoes reduction?

Bahan manakah mengalami penurunan?

…………………………………………………………………………………
[1M]

(b) Based on set II and set III, explain the difference in the observations.
Berdasarkan set II dan set III, terangkan perbezaan dalam pemerhatian itu.

………………………………………………………………………………

.........…………………………………………………………………………
[2M]

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(c) (i) Arrange X, carbon, magnesium and iron in descending order of reactivity.
Susun X, karbon, magnesium dan ferum dalam susunan menurun kereaktifan

………………………………………………………………………………….
[1M]
(ii) Suggest X.
Cadangkan X

………………………………………………………………………………….
[1M]

(d) Draw a labelled diagram for the apparatus set-up used in set II.
Lukis rajah berlabel bagi susunan radas yang digunakan dalam set II.

[2M]

19
10. Diagram 10.1 shows the graph of the mass of zinc against time for the reaction between zinc
and hydrochloric acid. In this experiment, 5.00 g of zinc is added to 100 cm 3 of 1.0 mol dm-3
hydrochloric acid to study the rate of reaction at the temperature of 30 °C.
Rajah 10.1 menunjukkan graf jisim zink melawan masa bagi tindak balas antara zink dan
asid hidroklorik. Dalam eksperimen ini, 5.00 g zink ditambahkan kepada 100 cm 3 asid
hidroklorik 1.0 mol dm-3 untuk mengkaji kadar tindak balas pada suhu 30 °C.

Mass of Zinc (g)

Jisim zink (g)

Diagram 10.1
Rajah 10.1

(a) Write the chemical equation for the reaction.

Tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas ini.

……………………………………………………………………………
[2M]

(b) Based on Diagram 10.1,

Berdasarkan Rajah 10.1,

(i) Why is the curve in the graph remains constant after t 1 second?
mengapakah lengkung bagi graf kekal mendatar selepas t1 saat?

………………………………………………………………………………….
[1M]

(ii) determine the mass of unreacted zinc in the experiment.

tentukan jisim zink yang tidak bertindak balas dalam eksperimen itu.

………………………………………………………………………………….
[1M]

20
(c) In this experiment, the rate of reaction can also be determined by measuring the
volume of hydrogen gas produced at regular intervals of time. Draw the apparatus
set-up for the experiment.
Dalam eksperimen ini, kadar tindak balas boleh ditentukan dengan mengukur isi
padu gas hidrogen yang dihasilkan pada sela masa yang tetap. Lukis rajah susunan
radas untuk eksperimen ini.

[2M]

(d) The experiment is repeated at the temperature of 40 °C with other factors remain
unchanged.
Eksperimen diulangi pada suhu 40 °C dengan semua faktor lain kekal tidak berubah.

(i) Sketch the curve obtained for this experiment on the same axis in Diagram
10.2.
Lakarkan lengkung yang diperoleh dalam eksperimen pada paksi yang sama
dalam rajah 10.2.

Mass of Zinc (g)

Jisim zink (g)

Diagram 10.2
Rajah 10.2
[1M]

21
 (ii) Based on your answer in 10(d)(i), explain how temperature affects the rate of
reaction by using collision theory.
Berdasarkan jawapan anda di 10(d)(i), terangkan bagaimana suhu
mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas dengan menggunakan teori perlanggaran.

…………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………
[3M]

(e) Apart from temperature, state one other factor that will also affect the rate of reaction
in this experiment.
Selain daripada suhu, nyatakan satu faktor lain yang juga boleh mempengaruhi
kadar tindak balas dalam eksperimen ini.

…………………………………………………………………………………
[1M]

11. Diagram 11 shows the apparatus set-up to determine the heat of precipitation for magnesium
carbonate.
Rajah 11 menunjukkan susunan r adas untuk menemukan haba pemendakan bagi magnesium
karbonat.

Diagram 11
Rajah 11

Table 11 shows the results obtained.

Jadual 11 menunjukkan keputusan yang diperoleh.

Description Temperature (°C)

Penerangan Suhu (°C)
Initial temperature of magnesium nitrate solution
27.0
Suhu awal larutan magnesium nitrat
Initial temperature of sodium carbonate solution
28.0
Suhu awal larutan natrium karbonat
Lowest temperature of the mixture
25.0
Suhu terendah campuran
Table 11
Jadual 11

22
(a) Why polystyrene cup is used in this experiment?
Mengapa cawan polistirena digunakan dalam eksperimen ini?

……………………………………………………………………………………
[1M]

(b) The chemical equation for the precipitation of magnesium carbonate is as follows:
Persamaan kimia bagi pemendakan magnesium karbonat adalah seperti berikut:

Na2CO3 + Mg(NO3)2  MgCO3 + 2NaNO3

Calculate,
Hitung,

(i) the heat change in the reaction.

[Specific heat capacity of solution, c= 4.2 J g-1 °C-1;
Density of solution = 1 g cm-3]
perubahan haba dalam tindak balas itu.
[Muatan haba tentu bagi larutan, c = 4.2 J g-1 °C-1;
ketumpatan larutan = 1 g cm-3]

[1M]

(ii) the heat of precipitation of magnesium carbonate.

haba pemendakan bagi magnesium karbonat.

[3M]

23
(c) Based on the temperature change in Table 11, stale the type of the reaction.
Berdasarkan perubahan suhu dalam Jadual 11. nyatakan jenis tindak balas itu.

………………………………………………………………………………
[1M]

(d) Draw the energy level diagram for the reaction.

Lukis rajah aras tenaga bagi tindak balas itu.

[2M]

(e) The experiment is repeated by using 50 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 potassium carbonate
solution to replace the sodium carbonate solution.
Eksperimen itu diulangi dengan menggunakan 50 cm3 larutan kalium karbonat 1.0
mol dm-1 bagi menggantikan larutan natrium karbonat.

(i) Predict the value of heat of precipitation for this experiment.

Ramalkan nilai haba pemendakan bagi eksperimen ini.

……………………………………………………………………………………..
[1M]

(ii) Explain your answer in 11(e)(i).

Terangkan jawapan anda di 11(e)(i).

…………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………
[2M]

24
12. Diagram 12 shows the apparatus set-up to study electrolysis of copper(II) sulphate solution
using different electrodes as shown in Cell 1 and Cell II.
Rajah 12 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi mengkaji elektrolisis larutan kuprum(U) sulfat
menggunakan elektrod berlainan seperti ditunjukkan dalam Sel 1 dan Sel II.

Diagram 12
Rajah 12

(a) State the meaning of electrolysis.

Nyatakan maksud elektrolisis.

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………
[1M]

(b) State all the ions present in copper(II) sulphate solution.

Nyatakan semua ion yang hadir dalam larutan kuprum(II) sulfat.

………………………………………………………………………………………
[1M]

(c) Write the half equations for the reaction that occurs at the anode in both cell.
Tulis setengah persamaan bagi tindak balas yang berlaku pada anod dalam kedua-
dua sel.

Cell I:
Sel I:...............................................................................................

Cell 11:
Sel II:.............................................................................................
[2M]

25
(d) The electrolysis is carried out for 30 minutes.
Elektrolisis dijalankan selama 30 minit.

(i) Compare the observations in the electrolytes in Cell 1 and Cell lI.
Bandingkan pemerhatian pada elektrolit dalam Sel 1 dengan Sel II.

……………………………………………………………………………………
[1M]

(ii) Explain your answer in 12(d)(i).

Terangkan jawapan anda di 12(d)(i).

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………
[3M]

(e) Electrical energy can be generated from chemical reaction.

Using your knowledge in electrochemistry, draw an apparatus set-up to show how
electrical energy can be generated in a laboratory.
Tenaga elektrik dapat dijanakan daripada tindak balas kimia.
Menggunakan pengetahuan anda dalam elektrokimia, lukis susunan radas untuk
menunjukkan bagaimana tenaga elektrik dapat dijalankan dalam makmal.

[3M]

26
13. Table 13 shows the information about acids X and Y.
Jadual 13 menunjukkan maklumat mengenai asid X

Acid X Acid Y
Asid X Asid Y
 Use in making fruit pickles  Use in lead-acid accumulator
Digunakan dalam pembuatan jeruk Digunakan dalam akumulator asid-
buah plumbum

 Monoprotic acid  Diprotic acid

Asid monoprotik Asid diprotik

 pH = 4.8  pH = 1.0
Table 13/ Jadual 13

(a) State the meaning of acid.

Nyatakan maksud asid.

......................................................................................................................
[1M]

(b) State the name of acids.

Nyatakan nama bagi asid itu

Acid X : ....................................... Acid Y :....................................................

Asid X Asid Y
[2M]

(c) Both acids X and Y have the same concentration. Explain why the pH values for both
acids in Table 13 are different.
Kedua dua asid X dan asid Y mempunyai kepekatan yang sama. Jelaskan mengapa
nilai pH bagi kedua-dua asid dalam Jadual 13 adalah berbeza.

.............................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................
[2M]

(d) When 0.5 mol zinc carbonate is added into excess acid Y, effervescence occurs;
Apabila 0.5 mol zink karbonat ditambah ke dalam asid Y yang berlebihan,
pembuakan berlaku;

(i) By using acid Y that stated in 13(b), write a chemical equation for the
reaction.
Dengan menggunakan asid Y yang dinyatakan di 13(b), tulis persamaan
kimia bagi tindak balas itu.

......................................................................................................................
[1M]

27
 (ii) Calculate the volume of gas produced at room condition.
[Molar volume of gas at room conditions = 24 dm3 mol-1]
Hitung isi padu gas yang terhasil pada keadaan bilik.
[Isi padu molar gas pada keadaan bilik= 24 dm3 mol-1]

[2M]

(iii) Describe a chemical test to identify the gas produced.

Huraikan satu ujian kimia bagi mengenal pasti gas yang terhasil.

.............................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................
[2M]

14. Shell of snails, cockles and oysters contain a chemical substance called calcium carbonate
salt.
Cengkerang bagi siput, kerang dan tiram mengandungi bahan kimia yang dikenali sebagai
garam kalsium karbonat.

(a) (i) State the type of salt in terms of solubility.

Nyatakan jenis garam itu dari segi keterlarutan.

......................................................................................................................
[1M]

(ii) Calcium carbonate can be prepared through double decomposition reaction in

the laboratory. Suggest two chemical substances that can be used to prepare
the salt.
Kalsium karbonat boleh disediakan melalui tindak balas penguraian ganda
dua dalam makmal. Cadangkan dua bahan kimia yang boleh digunakan
untuk menyediakan garam itu.

..........................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................
[2M]

(iii) By using the suggested chemical substances in 14(a)(ii), write a chemical

equation for the reaction.
Dengan menggunakan bahan kimia yang telah dicadangkan di 14(a)(ii), tulis
persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas itu.

28
 ......................................................................................................................
[2M]

(b) You are given salt Z which releases coloured gas P and oxygen gas when heated. The
salt also dissolves in water to form an aqueous solution of Z as shown in Diagram 14.
Anda diberi garam Z yang membebaskan gas P yang berwarna dan gas oksigen
apabila dipanaskan. Garam ini juga larut dalam air untuk membentuk larutan
akueus Z seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 14.

Diagram 14
Rajah 14

(i) State the observation when gas P is tested with moist litmus paper.
Nyatakan pemerhatian apabila gas P diuji dengan kertas litmus lembap.

......................................................................................................................
[1M]

(ii) State the anion present in the aqueous solution of Z.

Nyatakan anion yang hadir dalam larutan akueus Z.

......................................................................................................................
[1M]

(iii) As a chemistry student, explain how would you verify

the anion mentioned in 14(b)(ii).
Sebagai seorang pelajar kimia, terangkan bagaimana anda dapat
mengesahkan anion yang dinyatakan di 14(b)(ii).

..................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................
[4M]

29
15. Industrial waste water containing heavy metal cations should be treated before being released
into the river or drainage system. A sample of the industrial waste water is taken and analysed
for the presence of heavy metal cations.
Diagram 15 shows the flow chart of the chemical tests for two ions that are being identified in
the industrial waste water.
Air buangan industri mengandungi kation logam berat sepatutnya dirawat sebelum dilepaskan
ke sungai atau sistem perparitan. Satu sampel air buangan industri diambil dan dianalisis
untuk mengetahui kehadiran kation logam berat.
Rajah 15 menunjukkan carta alir bagi ujian kimia untuk dua ion yang dikenal pasti dalam air
buangan industri.

Diagram 15
Rajah 15

(a) What is the meaning of cation?

Apakah maksud kation?

………………………………………………………………………………………
[1M]

Based on Test 1,
Berdasarkan Ujian 1,

(i) name the yellow precipitate Q formed

namakan mendakan kuning Q yang terbentuk

………………………………………………………………………………
[1M]

30
 (ii) what will happen if the precipitate is heated and cooled again?
apakah yang akan berlaku sekiranya mendakan tersebut dipanaskan dan
disejukkan semula?

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………
[2M]

(iii) write the ionic equation for the formation of precipitate Q.

tulis persamaan ion untuk pembentukan mendakan Q.

………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1M]

(iv) if 0.0002 mol of potassium iodide solution is added to the industrial waste
water, calculate the mass of precipitate Q formed.
sekiranya 0.0002 mol larutan kalium iodida ditambahkan kepada air
buangan industri tersebut, hitung jisim mendakan Q yang terbentuk.
[Molar mass of Q = 461 g mol-1]
[Jisim molar Q = 461 g mol-1]

[2M]

(c) Based on Test 2, identify R ion.

Berdasarkan Ujian 2, kenal pasti ion R.

………………………………………………………………………………………
[1M]

(d) The industrial waste water may contain Copper(II) ions. Describe briefly a chemical
test to confirm the presence of Cu2+ ions.
Air buangan industri mungkin mengandungi ion kuprum(II). Huraikan secara
ringkas ujian kimia untuk mengesahkan kehadiran ion Cu2+.

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………
[2M]

31
16. (a) Table 16 shows the value of heat of neutralisation for the reaction between two
different acids with sodium hydroxide solution.
Jadual 16 menunjukkan nilai haba peneutralan bagi tindak balas antara dua asid
berbeza dengan larutan natrium hidroksida.

Reactants Heat of neutralisation (kj mol-1)

Bahan tindak balas Haba peneutralan (kj mol-1)

HX + NaOH -57.3

CH3COOH + NaOH -55.0

Table 16
Jadual 16

(i) What is the meaning of heat of neutralisation?

Apakah maksud bagi haba peneutralan?

………………………………………………………………………………
[1M]

(ii) Based on Table 16, suggest acid HX.

Berdasarkan Jadual 16, cadangkan asid HX.

…………………………………………………………………………………
[1M]

(iii) Explain why there are differences in the value of heat of neutralisation.
Terangkan mengapa terdapat perbezaan nilai bagi haba peneutralan.

………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………
[2M]

32
(b) A student carried out an experiment to determine the heat of combustion of ethanol.
He found that 0.575 g of ethanol is used to increase the temperature of 100 cm 3 of
water from 28.0 C to 62.0 C.
Seorang murid menjalankan satu eksperimen untuk menentukan haba pembakaran
etanol. Dia mendapati 0.575 g etanol digunakan untuk meningkatkan suhu bagi
100 cm3 air daripada 28.0 C kepada 62.0 C.

Calculate:
Hitung:

(i) The heat released from the combustion of ethanol.

[Specific heat capacity of water, c = 4.2 J g-1 C-1,
Density of water = 1.0 g cm-3]
Haba yang dibebaskan dari pembakaran ethanol.
[Muatan haba tentu bagi air, c = 4.2 J g-1 C-1,
Ketumpatan air = 1.0 g cm-3]

[1M]

[ii) Number of mole of ethanol used.

[Molar mass of ethanol = 46 g mol-1]
Bilangan mol etanol yang digunakan.
[Jisim molar bagi etanol = 46 g mol-1]

[1M

(iii) Heat of combustion of ethanol.

Haba pembakaran etanol.

[1M]

33
(iv) Draw the apparatus set-up to carry out the experiment to investigate the heat
of combustion of ethanol.
Lukis susunan radas untuk menjalankan eksperimen bagi menyiasat haba
pembakaran etanol.

[3M]

34
17. The following chemical substances arc used to prepare soap in a laboratory.
• Palm oil
• Concentrated sodium hydroxide solution
• Distilled water
• Sodium chloride

Bahan kimia berikut digunakan untuk menyediakan sabun dalam makmal.

• Minyak sawit
• Larutan natrium hidroksida pekat
• Air suling
• Natrium klorida

(a) (i) State the name of the reaction used in the preparation of soap.
Nyatakan nama bagi tindak balas yang digunakan dalam penyediaan sabun.

…………………………………………………………………………………
[1M]

(ii) What is the function of sodium chloride in the preparation of soap?

Apakah fungsi natrium klorida dalam penyediaan sabun?

…………………………………………………………………………………
[1M]

(iii) During preparation of soap, palm oil is hydrolysed to palmitic acid and
glycerol. Then, palmitic acid reacts with sodium hydroxide as shown in the
equation below.
Complete the chemical equation to show the formation of soap.
Semasa penyediaan sabun, minyak sawit dihidrolisiskan kepada asid
palmitik dan gliserol. Kemudian, asid palmitik bertindak balas dengan
natrium hidroksida seperti ditunjukkan dalam persamaan di bawah.
Lengkapkan persamaan kimia untuk menunjukkan pembentukan sabun.

CH3(CH2)14COOH + NaOH  ...........................................

[2M]

(iv) State the materials that can be used to replace sodium hydroxide and palm oil
in the preparation of soap in a laboratory.
Nyatakan bahan yang boleh digunakan untuk menggantikan natrium
hidroksida dan minyak sawit dalam penyediaan sabun di makmal.

Replace sodium hydroxide with:

Menggantikan natrium hidroksida dengan:

………………………………………………………………………

Replace palm oil with:

Menggantikan minyak kelapa sawit dengan:

………………………………………………………………………
[2M]

35
(b) Table 17 shows two sets of experiment to compare the effectiveness for the cleansing
action of soap and detergent in hard water.
Jadual 17 menunjukkan dua set eksperimen untuk membandingkan keberkesanan
tindakan pencucian sabun dan detergen dalam air liat.

Material
Set
Bahan
3 3
50 cm of soap solution + 20 cm of hard water + cloth with oil stain
I
50 cm3 larutan sabun + 20 cm3 air liat + kain bertompok minyak
50 cm1 of detergent solution + 20 cm3 of hard water + cloth with oil stain
II
50 cm3 larutan detergen + 20 cm3 air liat - kain bertompok minyak
Table 17
Jadual 17

State the observations of Set 1 and Set 11.

Nyatakan pemerhatian bagi Set l dan Set 11.

Set I:
Set 1: ............................................................................ ..........

Set II:
Set II:.............................................................................
[2M]

(c) A sock is stained with blood. Suggest one additive in detergent to increase the
effectiveness in the cleansing action.
Sehelai stoking terdapat tompokan darah. Cadangkan satu bahan tambah dalam
detergen untuk meningkatkan keberkesanan dalam tindakan pencuciannya.

…………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………
[1M]

36
18. Table 18 shows the information of elements in Periodic Table of Elements
Jadual 18 menunjukkan maklumat unsur dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur.

Element
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl
Unsur
Electron arrangement
2.8.1 2.8.2 2.8.3 2.8.4 2.8.5 2.8.6 2.8.7
Susunan elektron
Atomic radius
186 160 143 118 110 104 100
Jejari atom
Table 18
Jadual 18

(a) Which period are the elements placed?

Kala yang manakah unsur itu terletak?

......................................................................................................................
[1M]

(b) State the element that exists as diatomic molecule.

Nyatakan unsur yang wujud sebagai dwiatom.

......................................................................................................................
[1M]

(c) State the element that can form an amphoteric oxide.

Nyatakan unsur yang boleh membentuk oksida amfoterik.

. .....................................................................................................................
[1M]

(d) Which element is a semi-metal?

Unsur yang manakah ialah separa logam?

......................................................................................................................
[1M]

(e) Referring to the change in atomic radius, explain why the electronegativity increases
across the period from left to right.
Merujuk kepada perubahan jejari atom, terangkan mengapa keelektronegatifan
bertambah merentasi kala dari kiri ke kanan.

.............................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................
[1M]

37
 (f) Sodium burns in oxygen to form sodium oxide.
Natrium terbakar dalam oksigen membentuk natrium oksida.

(i) Write a chemical equation for this reaction.

Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas ini.

................................................................................................................
[2M]

(ii) Sodium oxide dissolve in water to form a solution.

State the colour change of the litmus paper when it is placed in the solution
Natrium oksida larut dalam air membentuk larutan.
Nyatakan perubahan warna pada kertas litmus apabila dimasukkan ke dalam
larutan itu.

.................................................................................................................
[1M]

19. (a) Sofa is covered by a material that contains polymer X which consist of basic units.
The structural formula for polymer X is shown in Diagram 19.1.
Sofa dibalut dengan bahan yang mengandungi polimer X yang terdiri daripada unit
asas. Formula struktur bagi polimer X ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 19.1.

Diagram 19.1
Rajah 19.1

(i) What is the meaning of polymer?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan polimer?

.................................................................................................................
[1M]

(ii) State the name of the basic unit that forms polymer X.
Nyatakan nama bagi unit asas yang membentuk polimer X.

.................................................................................................................
[1M]

38
(b) Chlorine, Cl in polymer X as shown in Diagram 19.1 is replaced with methyl, CH 3 to
form polymer Y.
Klorin, Cl dalam polimer X seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 19.1 digantikan
dengan metil, CH3 untuk membentuk polimer Y.

(i) Draw the structural formula for the basic unit of polymer Y.
Lukis formula struktur bagi unit asas polimer Y.

[1M]

(ii) State the name of polymer Y.

Nyatakan nama bagi polimer Y.

.................................................................................................................
[1M]

(iii) State one similarity and one difference between the structural formulae of
polymer Y and its basic unit in 2(b)(i).
Nyatakan satu persamaan dan satu perbezaan antara formula struktur bagi
polimer Y dan unit asasnya di 2(b)(i).

.....................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................
[2M]

39
(c)

Diagram 19.2
Rajah 19.2

One of the uses of polymer is to make plastic bottle. Improper disposal of plastic
bottles can cause pollution. Based on Diagram 19.2 and the pollution issue, faced by
our nation, justify the use of polymer.
Salah satu penggunaan polimer adalah membuat botol plastik. Pelupusan botol
plastik yang tidak terurus boleh menyebabkan pencemaran. Berdasarkan Rajah 19.2
dan isu pencemaran, yang dihadapi oleh negara kita, wajarkan penggunaan polimer.

.............................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................
[3M]

40
20. Table 20 shows the nucleon number, number of neutrons and chemical formula of oxides for
a few elements in Period 3 in the Periodic Table of Elements.
Jadual 20 menunjukkan nombor nukleon, bilangan neutron dan formula kimia bagi oksida
untuk beberapa unsur dalam kala 3 dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur.

Chemical formula of
Number of
Element Nucleon number oxides of elements
neutrons
Unsur Nombor nukleon Formula kimia bagi
Bilangan neutron
oksida unsur
Sodium
23 12 Na2O
Natrium
Aluminium
27 14 Al2O3
Aluminium
Phosphorus
31 16 P2O5
Fosforus
Sulphur
32 16 SO2
Sulfur
Argon None
40 22
Argon Tiada

Table 20
Jadual 20

Based on Table 20;

Berdasarkan Jadual 20;

(a) What is the meaning of nucleon number?

Apakah maksud nombor nukleon?

………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1M]

(b) (i) Write the electron arrangement of phosphorus atom.

Tulis susunan elektron bagi atom fosforus.

………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1M]

(ii) State the group of phosphorus in the Periodic Table of Elements.

Give one reason.
Nyatakan kumpulan bagi fosforus dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur.
Beri satu alasan.

………………………………………………………………………………………….
[2M]

41
(c) Oxide of elements in Period 3 show acidic, basic or amphoteric properties.
Oksida bagi unsur dalam Kala 3 menunjukkan sifat berasid, berbes atau amfoterik.

Choose one example of oxide of element that shows.

Pilih satu contoh oksida bagi unsur yang menunjukkan

Acidic property : …………………………………………………

Sifat berasid

Amphoteric property : …………………………………………………

Sifat amfoterik

Bases property : …………………………………………………

Sifat berbes
[3M]

(d) (i) Why does argon not form an oxide compound?

Mengapakah argon tidak membentuk sebatian oksida?

……………………………………………………………………………………..
[1M]

(ii) State one use of argon.

Nyatakan satu kegunaan argon.

…………………………………………………………………………………….
[1M]

42
21. Diagram 21 shows the standard representation of two isotopes of carbon atoms.
Rajah 21 menunjukkan perwakilan piawai bagi dua isotop atom karbon.

12 14
C C
6 6

Diagram 21
Rajah 21
(a) State the meaning of isotope.
Nyatakan maksud isotop.

…………………………………………………………………………………
[1M]

(b) Based on Diagram 1:

Berdasarkan Rajah 1:

(i) Determine the number of electrons and neutrons in the table below.
Tentukan bilangan elektron dan neutron dalam jadual di bawah.

12 14
Particle C
Zarah C
6 6
Number of electron
Bilangan elektron
Number of neutron
Bilangan neutron
[2M]

(ii) State one use of 146C in our daily life.

Nyatakan satu kegunaan 146C dalam kehidupan seharian.

……………………………………………………………………
[1M]

43
 (c) P is a substance that has a melting point of 51 C and a boiling point of 305 C.
P adalah satu bahan yang mempunyai takat lebur 51 C dan takat didih 305 C.

(i) Sketch a graph of temperature against time when substance P is heated from
30 C to 90 C.
Lakar graf suhu melawan masa apabila bahan P dipanaskan daripada 30 C
ke 90 C.

[2M]

(ii) When substance P is cooled, the temperature decreases and becomes constant
at one stage and then decreases again.
Apabila bahan P disejukkan, suhu berkurangan dan menjadi malar pada
satu peringkat dan kemudian berkurang semula.

Predict the constant temperature.

Ramal suhu yang malar itu.

……………………………………………………………………………
[1M]

Explain why the temperature is constant at that stage.

Terangkan mengapa suhu malar pada peringkat itu.

………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………….
[2M]

44
22. Diagram 22 shows the apparatus set-up for the reaction between hydrogen chloride gas and
ammonia gas. T1, T2, and T3 are the possible positions where ammonium chloride. NH 4Cl
formed in the experiment after 5 minute.
Rajah 22 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk tindak balas antara gas hidrogen klorida dan
Gas ammonia, T1, T2, dan T3 adalah kedudukan yang mungkin di mana ammonium klorida,
NH4C1 terbentuk dalam eksperimen itu selepas 5 minit.

Diagram 22
Rajah 22

(a) State the observation in the experiment.

Nyalakan pemerhatian dalam eksperimen ini.

…………………………………………………………………………………………
[1M]

(a) (i) What is the type of particles in ammonia gas?

Apakah jenis zarah dalam gas ammonia?

………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1M]

(ii) State one physical property of ammonia.

Nyatakan satu sifat fizik bagi ammonia.

………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1M]
(iii) State the type of bonding in hydrogen chloride gas.
Nyatakan jenis ikatan dalam gas hidrogen klorida.

………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1M]

45
(c) The equation tor the reaction is as follow:
Persamaan untuk tindak balas adalah seperti berikut:

NH3(g) + HCl(g)  NH4Cl (S)

NH3(g) + HCl(g)  NH4Cl (p)

State two information that can be deduced from the equation.

Nyatakan dua maklumat yang boleh disimpulkan daripada persamaan itu.

………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………
[2M]

(d) Based on Diagram 1.

Berdasarkan Rajah 1,

(i) State the position where NH4C1 formed.

Nyatakan kedudukan di mana NH4Cl terbentuk.

…………………………………………………………………………
[1M]

(ii) give one reason for your answer in l(d)(i).

beri satu sebab bagi jawapan anda dalam 1(d)(i).

……………………………………………………………………………
[1M]

(e) State one use of NH4Cl in daily life.

Nyatakan satu kegunaan NH4Cl dalam kehidupan seharian.

…………………………………………………………………………………….
[1M]

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