SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014

CARBON COMPOUND

BAHAGIAN A : SOALAN STRUKTUR

ALKANA / ALKANE
1

Rajah 1 menunjukkan formula struktur bagi suatu sebatian hidrokarbon, Y.

Diagram 1 shows the structural formula of a hydrocarbon compound, Y.

RAJAH 1
(a)

Apakah maksud sebatian hidrokarbon?

What is meant by hydrocarbon compound?

(b)

Aras rendah [ 1 markah ]

(i) Namakan siri homolog sebatian Y.
Name the homologous series of compound Y.

Aras rendah [ 1 markah ]

(ii) Namakan sebatian yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 1
Name the compound shown in Diagram 1

.
Aras rendah [ 1 markah ]
(iii) Tuliskan formula molekul bagi sebatian dalam (b) (ii)
Write the molecular formula of the compound in (b) (ii).

.
Aras sederhana [ 1 markah ]

SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014

(c)

CARBON COMPOUND

Sebatian Y terbakar dengan lengkap dalam oksigen untuk meghasilkan karbon

dioksida dan air seperti dalam persamaan di bawah.

C4 H10

+ 9 O2

4 CO2 + 5 H2 O

2
Compound Y burns completely in oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water as
in the equation below.
(i)

Hitungkan jisim molekul relatif sebatian Y tersebut .

Calculate the relative molecular mass of compound Y.
[Jisim atom relatif: H=1, C=12] / [Relative atomic mass: H=1, C=12]
Aras tinggi [ 1 markah ]

(ii)

Calculate the mass of compound Y burnt if 120cm3 of carbon dioxide is

produced at room temperature.
Kira jisim sebatian Y yang terbakar jika 120cm3karbon dioksida terbentuk
pada keadaan bilik.
[1 mol of gas occupies 24 dm3 at room conditions]
[1 mol gas menempati 24 dm3 pada keadaan bilik]

Aras tinggi [ 3 markah ]

(d) Jika dua atom hydrogen daripada sebatian dalam Rajah 1 digantikan dengan dua
atom klorin , lukiskan formula struktur bagi sebatian yang terbentuk dan namakan
sebatian tersebut.
If two atoms of hydrogen of the compound in Diagram 1 are replaced by two atoms
of chlorine, draw the structural formula of the compound formed and name the
compound.

SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014

CARBON COMPOUND
Aras tinggi 2 markah ]

Rajah 2 menunjukkan formula struktur bagi Sebatian X dan Y. Sebatian X dan Y adalah
isomer.
Diagram 2 shows the structural formula of Compound X and Y. Compound X and Y are
isomers.

H - CH - CH H
H- C - H
C
C
H
H
H H H

H
H- C- H H
H
H
C - C - C - C -H
HH H
H

Sebatian X / Compound X
(a)

Sebatian Y / Compound Y

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan isomer ?

What is meant by isomer?
.
.

.
Aras rendah [1markah]
(b) Namakan Sebatian X
compound X :
Sebatian Y
compound Y :
Aras rendah [2markah]

SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014

(c)

CARBON COMPOUND

(i) Nyatakan formula am bagi sebatian X dan Y.

State the general formula of compound X and Y

Aras rendah [1markah]

(ii) Nyatakan dua sifat fizik bagi sebatian X dan Y
State two physical properties of compound X and Y

(d)

..
Aras rendah [2markah]
Ketumpatan bagi Sebatian X ialah 0.63g/cm3 . Beberapa titis sebatian X ditambah ke
dalam sebuah tabung uji berisi air. Apakah yang dapat diperhatikan ? Jelaskan.
Density of compound X is 0.63g/cm3. A few drops of compound X is added into a
test tube which contains water. What can be observed? Explain.
.
.

(e)

..
Aras tinggi [2markah]
Tuliskan satu persamaan seimbang apabila sebatian Y terbakar dengan lengkap.
Write a balance chemical equation when compound Y is burnt completely.
..
Aras tinggi [2markah]

(f)

Seorang pelajar telah menjalankan satu eksperimen menggantikan hydrogen di

dalam satu sebatian alkana dalam tindak balas penggantian di dalam bilik gelap.
Dia mendapati tindak balas itu tidak berjaya.
Berikan alasan anda.
A student carried out an experiment to replace hidrogen in an alkane compound with
chlorine under substitution reaction in a dark room. He found that the reaction was
not succeed.
Give your reason.
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SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014

CARBON COMPOUND

Aras tinggi [1markah]

ALKENA / ALKENE
3

Rajah 3 menunjukkan formula struktur bagi propena dan but-1-ena.

Diagram 3 shows the structural formula of propene and but- 1- ene.

(a)

H H
C = C - C - H
H

H
H
H H
C = C - C - C -H
H
H

Propene
But-`1-ene
Nyatakan,
State the,
(i)
Siri Homolog bagi propena dan but-1-ena
Homologous series for propene and but-1-ene
(ii)

..
Kumpulan berfungsi bagi propena dan but-1-ena.
Functional group for propene and but-1-ene
.

SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014

(iii)

CARBON COMPOUND

Formula am bagi propene dan but-1-ena.

General formula for of propene and but-1-ene
..
Aras rendah [3markah]

(b)

Bagaimanakah takat didih kedua-dua sebatian ini berubah? Jelaskan jawaban anda.
How do the boiling point of these two compound change? Explain your answer.

.
.
..
Aras tinggi [3 markah]

(c)

Propena mengalami tindak balas pengklorinan. Tuliskan formula molekul dan namakan
hasil tindakbalas propena dengan klorin.
Propene undergoes chlorination reaction. Write the molecular formula and name the
product of the reaction of propene and chlorine.

(d)

Aras tinggi [2 markah]

Lukiskan formula struktur bagi dua isomer but-1-ena.
Draw the structural formula of two isomers of but-1-ene

SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014

CARBON COMPOUND
Aras tinggi [ 2 markah]

+ H2
II

C2H4
Compound P

Compound Q

+ H2 O
I
Compound R

Rajah 4 menunjukkan tindak balas bagi sebatian P. Sebatian P adalah sebatian

hidrokarbon tak tepu.
Diagram 4 shows the reactions of compound P. Compound P is an unsaturated
hydrocarbon.
(a) (i)
Nyatakan maksud sebatian hidrokarbon tak tepu
State the meaning of unsaturated hydrocarbon.

(ii)

(b)

Aras rendah [ 1 markah]

Namakan sebatian P
Name compound P

Aras rendah [ 1 markah]

Dalam tindak balas I, sebatian P ditindakbalaskan dengan wap air untuk
menghasilkan sebatian R.
In reaction I, compound P is reacted with steam to produce compound R.
(i)
Nyatakan syarat-syarat bagi tindak balas I
State the conditions for reaction I

(ii)

Aras rendah [ 1 markah]

Nyatakan perubahan siri Homolog dalam tindak balas I
State the changes of homologous series in reaction I
..
Aras sederhana [ 1 markah]

(c)

Sebatian P bertindak balas dengan hydrogen dalam tindak balas II

Compound P react with hydrogen in Reaction II.
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SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014

(i)

CARBON COMPOUND

Namakan mangkin yang digunakan dalam tindak balas ini.

Name the suitable catalyst in this reaction.
..

(ii)

Aras rendah[ 1 markah]

Dengan menggunakan formula struktur tunjukkan persamaan kimia yang
berlaku bagaimana sebatian P bertindakbalas dengan hydrogen untuk
menghasilkan sebatian Q
By using structural formula show the equation how compound P reacts with
hydrogen to form compound Q

Aras tinggi [ 1 markah]

(d)

Sebatian R boleh bertukar semula kepada sebatian P

Compound R can turn back to compound P
(i)
Namakan tindak balas yang berlaku
Name the reaction occurs.

(ii)

.
Aras sederhana [1markah]
Lukiskan susunan alat radas bagi tindak balas yang menukarkan semula
sebatian R kepada sebatian P.
Draw the set-up of apparatus for the reaction to turn compound R back to
compound P.

Aras sederhana [2markah]

ALKOHOL / ALCOHOL

SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014

Hydrocarbon A
Hidrokarbon A
+ H2
Hydrocarbon B
Hidrokarbon B

CARBON COMPOUND

Porcelain
chips
Heat
Panaskan

Butan-1-ol
C4H9OH

Acidified potassium
dichromate(VI)
Butanoic acid
Kalium dikromat(VI) C H COOH
3 7
berasid

Rajah 5 /
Figure 5

Rajah 5 menunjukkan aliran tindak balas bagi beberapa sebatian karbon.

Figure 5 shows a reaction flow chart of some carbon compound
(a)

(i)

Namakan hidrokarbon A dan hidrokarbon B

Name hydrocarbon A and hydrocarbon B
Hidrokarbon A

(ii)

(b)

Hidrokarbon B ..
Aras sederhana [2markah]
Lukiskan formula struktur bagi hidrokarbon A
Draw the structural formula of hydrocarbon A.

Aras sederhana [1markah]

Draw the set-up of apparatus to produce hydrocarbon A from butan-1-ol.

Aras sederhana [3markah]

SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014

(c)

(i)

CARBON COMPOUND

Nyatakan fungsi kalium dikromat(VI) berasid.

State the function of acidified potassium dichromate(VI)
.

(ii)

.
Aras rendah [1markah]
Nyatakan dua sifat kimia bagi butanoic acid
State two chemical properties for butanoic acid
.
..
Aras sederhana [2markah]

Rajah 6 menunjukkan pembentukan sebatian X daripada glukosa dan pertukaran beberapa

sebatian karbon.
Diagram 6 shows the formation of compound X from glucose and its conversion to several
other carbon compounds

Gluco
se
[Gluk
osa]

Proces Compoun
Proces
sI
s II
d X
[Prose [Sebatian
[Prose
s I]
s II]
X]
Proces C2H5OH Proces
s III
s IV
[Prose
[Prose
s III]
s IV]
Compound Z
Ethyl
[Bahan Z]
propanoa
C2H4O2
te
[Etil
propanoa
t]

Compo
und Y
[Sebati
an Y]

Rajah 6 / Diagram 6
(a)

Proses I melibatkan penggunaan yis. Namakan Proses I

Process I involves the use of yeast. Name Process I.
...................................................................................................................................
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SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014

CARBON COMPOUND
Aras rendah [1markah]

(b)

Sebatian X adalah bukan hidrokarbon. Jelaskan.

Compound X is a nonhydrocarbon compound. Explain.
.................................................................................................................................................

(c)

.................................................................................................................................................
Aras sederhana [1markah]
Sebatian Y terbentuk apabila wap sebatian X dialirkan melalui serpihan proselin yang
panas dalam Proses II.
Compound Y is formed when the vapour of compound X is passed over heated
porcelain chips in Process II.
(i)

Tuliskan formula am bagi siri homolog sebatian Y

Write the general formula for the homologous series of compound Y

Aras rendah [1markah]

(ii)

Namakan sebatian Y
Name compound Y.
.
Aras sederhana [1markah]

(d)

(i)

Bahan Z membebaskan gas karbon dioksida apabila kalsium karbonat dicampur

kepadanya. Apakah maksudnya?
Compound Z liberates carbon dioxide gas when calcium carbonate is added to it.
What does it mean?

Aras sederhana [1markah]

(ii)

Lukiskan formula struktur bagi sebatian Z

Draw the structural formula of Compound Z

Aras tinggi [1markah]

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SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014

(e)

(i)

CARBON COMPOUND

Kenalpasti asid karboksilik dan alcohol yang digunakan dalam proses IV

Identify the carboxylic acid and the alcohol that is used in process IV.
Asid karboksilik/ carboxylic acid : .

(ii)

Alkohol / alcohol :
Aras sederhana [2markah]
Lukiskan formula struktur etil propanoat.
Draw the structural formula for ethyl propanoate.

Aras tinggi [1markah]

ALCOHOL , CARBOXYLIC ACID AND ESTER

- OH

Rajah 7 / Figure 7
7

(a)

(i)

Nyatakan siri homolog bagi sebatian X

State the homologous series for compound X
.
.
Aras sederhana [ 1 markah ]

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SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014

(ii)

(b)

(c)

CARBON COMPOUND

Tuliskan formula molekul bagi sebatian X

Write the molecular formula of compound X.

.......................................................................................................................
Aras sederhana [ 1 markah ]
Pada Rajah 7, bulatkan kumpulan berfungsi bagi sebatian Y
In Figure 7, circle the functional group of compound Y.
Aras sederhana [ 1 markah ]
Huraikan satu ujian kimia untuk membezakan antara sebatian X dan sebatian Y.
Describe a chemical test to differentiate between compound X and compound Y.
..

..
Aras tinggi [ 2 markah ]

(d)

(i)

Jelaskan bagaimana Sebatian Y dapat disediakan daripada sebatian X.

Explain how Compound Y can be prepared from Compound X.

Aras tinggi [ 3 markah]

(ii)

Lukiskan susunan radas bagi (d) (i)

Draw the set-up of apparatus for (d) (i)

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SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014

CARBON COMPOUND

Aras sederhana [ 2 markah]

(e)

Sebatian Z boleh dihasilkan apabila sebatian X bertindak balas dengan sebatian Y

Namakan ester Z.
Ester Z can be produced when compound X reacted with compound Y
Name ester Z.

Aras sederhana [ 1 markah]

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SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014

CARBON COMPOUND

8 (a)

To filter pump
Filter funnel
Spirit
lamp
Ethanol ( C2 H5 OH )

Boiling
Tube A

Ice
water

Boiling tube B
Lime water

RAJAH 8 /
FIGURE 8

Rajah 8 menunjukkan set alat radas untuk mengenali hasil pembakaran sebatian
organic.
Dalam eksperimen ini, etanol, C2 H5 OH telah digunakan sebagai sebatian organic.
Figure 8 shows the set-up of apparatus to identify the combustion products of organic
compound.
In this experiment,ethanol, C2 H5 OH is used as the organic compound.
(i)

Nyatakan takat didih bagi cecair A.

State the boiling point of liquid A
..
Aras rendah [ 1 markah]

(ii)

Apakah yang berlaku kepada air kapur?

What happen to the lime water?
..
Aras rendah [ 1 markah]

(iii)

Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi pembakaran etanol.

Write the chemical equation for the combustion of ethanol.

Aras tinggi [ 1 markah

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SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014

CARBON COMPOUND

H H H
H C C C OH
H H H
Compound Q
Sebatian Q
Process I
KM
nO
4/H+ Proses I

Compound S
Process IISebatian S
Pr
oses II

C3H6O2
Compound
R
Sebatian R

Rajah 8b/ Figure 8b

(b)

Rajah 8b di atas menunjukkan carta alir satu siri perubahan sebatian karbon dari satu
siri homolog ke siri homolog yang lain
Figure 8b above shows a flow chart for a series of changes of carbon compounds from
one homologous series to another homologous series.
(i)

Lukis formula struktur bagi sebatian R dan namakan.

Draw the structural formula of compound R and give name.

Aras sederhana [ 2 markah ]

(ii)

Nyatakan satu kegunaan R dalam kehidupan seharian

State one use of compound R in our daily life.
..
.
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SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014

CARBON COMPOUND
Aras rendah [ 1 markah ]

(iii)

Dalam proses II, asid sulfurik pekat ditambah ke dalam campuran sebatian Q
dan sebatian R untuk menghasilkan sebatian S.
In process II, concentrated sulphuric acid is added to the mixture of compound Q
and compound R to produce compound S
Nyatakan fungsi asid sulfurik pekat dalam Proses II.
State the function of concentrated sulphuric acid in Process II?

Aras sederhana [ 1 markah ]

Namakan sebatian S yang terhasil.

Name the compound S produced
.
Aras sederhana [ 1 markah ]
(c)

Rajah 8c / Figure 8c
Rajah 8c menunjukkan satu sebatian ester.
Figure 8c shows an ester compound.
(i)

Kenal pasti alcohol dan karboksilik asid yang digunakan dalam penyediaan ester
ini.
Identify the alcohol and the carboxylic acid used in preparing this ester.
Alkohol / alcohol

Karboksilik asid / carboxylic acid : .

Aras sederhana [ 2 markah ]
(ii)

Nyatakan satu sifat istimewa bagi sebatian ester.

State one special property of ester compound.

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SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014

CARBON COMPOUND

Aras rendah [ 1 markah ]

ALKANE, ALKENE, ALCOHOL, CARBOXYLIC ACID AND ESTER

9

Rajah 9 menunjukkan carta alir bagi suatu siri penukaran sebatian karbon
Diagram 9 shows the flow chart of a series of conversion of carbon compounds.
Substance Q
Bahan Q

Rajah 9 / Diagram 9
Berdasarkan Rajah 9, jawab soalan-soalan berikut:
Based on Diagram 9 answer the following questions:

(a)

(b)

Namakan tindak balas dalam penukaran 1

Name the reaction in conversion I.

Aras sederhana [ 1 markah ]

(i)
Nyatakan syarat-syarat bagi tindak balas penukaran II
State the conditions for the reaction in conversion II
.
.
Aras sederhana [ 1 markah ]

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SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014

(ii)

CARBON COMPOUND

Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas penukaran II

Write a chemical equation for the reaction in conversion II

Aras tinggi [ 1 markah ]

(c)

Namakan bahan Q
Name substance Q
.
Aras sederhana [ 1 markah ]

(d)

(e)

Tuliskan persamaan kimia untuk tindak balas di III.

Write a chemical equation for the reaction in III.

.
Aras tinggi [ 1 markah ]
Etanol dan bahan Q bertindak balas untuk menghasilkan bahan X dengan formula molekul
CH3COOC2H5.
Ethanol and substance Q react to produce substance X with a molecular formula of
CH3COOC2H5.

(i)

(ii)

Namakan tindak balas di V untuk menghasilkan bahan X.

Name the reaction in V to produce substance X
..
Aras sederhana [ 1 markah ]
Nyatakan satu sifat fizik bahan X.
State one physical property of substance X.
..
Aras sederhana [ 1 markah ]

iii

Lukiskan formula struktur untuk bahan X

Draw the structural formula of substance X.

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SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014

CARBON COMPOUND

Aras sederhana [ 1 markah ]

10

Jadual 10 menunjukkan formula molekul bagi 4 sebatian karbon

Table 10 shows molecular formulae of 4 carbon compounds
Compound

Molecular Formula

C4H8

C4H10

C4H9OH

C2H5COOH
Jadual 10 / Table 10

(a)

(b)

Tuliskan formula umum bagi siri homolog sebatian B

Write the general formula of compound B
...........................................................................................................................
Aras rendah [1 markah]
Nyatakan kumpulan berfungsi bagi sebatian A dan sebatian D.
State the functional group of compound A and compound D
Sebatian A /Compound A

...........................................

Sebatian D /Compound D

: .......................................
Aras sederhana [1 markah]

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SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014

(c)

CARBON COMPOUND

Sebatian B menunjukkan isomerisme. Lukiskan formula struktur bagi semua isomer

sebatian B.
Compound B shows isomerism. Draw the structural formula of all isomers of
compound B.

Aras tinggi [2 markah]

(d)

Sebatian D dan sebatian C bertindak balas dengan kehadiran asid sulfurik pekat.
Compound D and compound C are reacted with the presence of the concentrated
sulphuric acid.

(i)

Namakan hasil yang terbentuk

Name the product formed.
.
Aras sederhana [1markah]

(ii)

(e)

Lukis formula struktur bagi sebatian yang terbentuk di (d) (i)

Draw the structural formula for the compound formed in (d) (i)

Aras tinggi [1 markah]

Sebatian A dibakar dalam oksigen berlebihan menghasilkan carbon dioksida dan air.
Compound A burns in excess oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water.
(i)
Tuliskan persamaan kimia seimbang bagi tindak balas tersebut
Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction.
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SOLAF CHEMISTRY SPM 2014

CARBON COMPOUND

Aras tinggi [1 markah]

11.2 g sebatian A dibakar dalam oksigen berlebihan, hitungkan bilangan molekul
carbon dioksida yang terbentuk
11.2 g of compound A burns in excess oxygen, calculate number of carbon dioxide
molecules formed.
[Relative atomic mass C = 12, O = 16 and Avogadro number = 6.03 x 1023]

Aras tinggi [2 markah]

22