2.Solid x is heated in a boiling tube and the temperature is recorded at regular time intervals.
If the melting point of X is 78 C, which graph represents the heating curve of X?
Pepejal X dipanaskan dalam sebuah tabung didih dan suhu direkodkan pada sela masa yang
sekata. Jika takat lebur X ialah 78 C, graf manakah yang mewakili lengkung pemanasan bagi
X?
A B
C D
3.Which process occurs when iodine crystals are heated at room temperature and pressure?
Proses manakah yang berlaku apabila hablur iodin dipanaskan pada suhu dan tekanan bilik
A Melting
Peleburan
B Freezing
Pembekuan
C Evaporation
Penyejatan
D Sublimation
Pemejalwapan
Diagram 3
Rajah 3
Which statement is correct about the property of substance Q based on the graph?
Pernyataan manakah yang betul mengenai sifat bahan Q berdasarkan graf itu?
5. Substance R has a melting point of -100 C and a boiling point of -35 C. What is substance
R?
Bahan R mempunyai takat lebur -100 C dan takat didih - 35 C. Apakah bahan R?
A Sulphur
Sulfur
B Alcohol
Alkohol
C Carbon dioxide
Karbon dioksida
D Sodium hydroxide
Natrium hidroksida
A
23
11 L
B
11
23 L
C
12
11 L
D
11
11 L
9.SPM 2013. A patient is diagnosed of having cancer. Which isotope is used to treat the
patient?
Seorang pesakit didiagnosiskan mempunyai kanser. Isotop manakah yang digunakan untuk
merawat pesakit itu?
A Carbon-14
Karbon-14
B Sodium-24
Natrium-24
C Phosphorus-32
Fosforus-32
D Cobalt-60
Kobalt- 60
36. SPM 2013 Diagram 8 shows the heating curve of solid benzoic acid.
Rajah 8 menunjukkan lengkung pemanasan bagi pepejal asid benzoik.
Diagram 8
Rajah 8
Number of protons is 3
Bilangan proton ialah 3
Nucleon number is 7
Nombor nukleon ialah 7
SOALAN STRUKTUR
1. SPM 2010.Diagram 1 shows the inter-conversion of the three states of matter, X, Y and Z of
water.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan perubahan keadaan tiga jirim, X, Y dan Z bagi air.
X Y Z
Diagram 1
Rajah 1
...[1M]
(b) Under the room temperature, at what temperature does ice change to water?
Di bawah suhu bilik, pada suhu berapakah ais berubah kepada air?
...[1M]
...[1M]
(d) Name the process when water changes from state X to state Y.
Namakan proses apabila air berubah daripada keadaan X kepada keadaan Y.
...[1M]
(e) When water changes from state Y to state Z, state the changes in:
Apabila air berubah daripada keadaan Y kepada keadaan Z, nyatakan perubahan bagi:
(i) the energy of the particles.
Tenaga zarah
...[1M]
...[1M]
(f) The smell of curry cooking in the kitchen spreads to the living room. Based on the kinetic
theory of matter, state the process involved. Explain your answer.
Bau masakan kari di dapur merebak hingga ke ruang tamu. Berdasarkan teori kinetik jirim,
nyatakan proses yang terlibat. Terangkan jawapan anda.
...
...
...[3M]
2.SPM 2011.Table 1 shows the number of protons, neutrons and electrons present in
atom Q and atom X. The letters used are not the actual symbols of the atoms.
Jadual 1 menunjukkan bilangan proton, neutron dan elektron dalam atom Q dan atom
X. Huruf yang digunakan bukan simbol sebenar bagi atom-atom itu
[1M]
(ii) Name the two subatomic particles present in the nucleus of an atom.
Namakan dua zarah sub-atom yang terdapat dalam nukleus suatu atom
1.
2. [2M]
(b) (i) Atom Y is an isotope of atom X. State the number of protons in atom Y.
Atom Y ialah isotop bagi atom X. Nyatakan bilangan proton dalam atom Y
[1M]
(ii) Atom X and atom Y show the same chemical properties. State one reason.
Atom X dan atom Y menunjukkan sifat kimia yang sama. Nyatakan satu sebab
[1M]
(c) (i). Element X has a boiling point of - 34.0 C. Predict the physical state of element
X at room temperature.
Unsur X mempunyai takat didih - 34.0 C. Ramalkan keadaan fizikal bagi unsur X
pada suhu bilik.
[1M]
(ii). Based on the kinetic theory of matter, describe the arrangement and movement of
particles of element X at room temperature.
Berdasarkan teori kinetik jirim, huraikan susunan dan pergerakan zarah bagi unsur X
pada suhu bilik.
Arrangement of particles : .
Susunan zarah
Movement of particles : .
Pergerakan zarah
[2M]
3. SPM 2013 (a) Table 1 shows four substances and their chemical formulae.
Jadual 1 menunjukkan empat bahan dan formula kimianya.
Based on table 1:
Berdasarkan jadual 1:
(i) State one substance which exists as atom.
Nyatakan satu bahan yang wujud sebagai atom.
....................................................................................................................[1M]
....................................................................................................................[1M]
....................................................................................................................[1M]
(iv) Sodium chloride cannot conduct electricity in solid state but can conduct
electricity in aqueous solution. Explain Why.
Natrium klorida tidak boleh mengkonduksi elektrik dalam keadaan pepejal tetapi boleh
mengkonduksi elektrik dalam larutan akueus. Terangkan mengapa.
.............................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................[2M]
(v) Why argon is an unreactive element?
Mengapakah argon adalah unsur yang tidak reaktif? [1M]
....................................................................................................................[1M]
(b) Diagram 1 shows the graph of temperature against time when liquid naphthalene
is cooled.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan graf suhu melawan masa apabila cecair naftalena disejukkan.
Diagram 1
Rajah 1
Based on diagram 1
Berdasarkan Rajah 1:
....................................................................................................................[1M]
....................................................................................................................[1M]
4. SM 2014.(a) Diagram 3 shows standard representation for three isotopes of carbon which
are carbon-12, carbon-13 and carbon-14.
Rajah 3 menunjukkan perwakilan piawai bagi tiga isotop karbon iaitu karbon-12, karbon-13
dan karbon-14
12 13 14
6 C 6 C 6 C
Diagram 3
Rajah 3
(i) What is the meaning of isotope?
Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan isotop?
...[1M]
...[1M]
...[1M]
(iv) Draw the atomic structure of carbon-12 and label the subatomic particles.
Lukis struktur atom karbon-12 dan label zarah subatomnya.
[2M]
(b) Table 2 shows the physical properties of substance X and substance Y.
Jadual 2 menunjukkan sifat fizik bagi bahan X dan bahan Y.
Electrical conductivity
Substance Melting point (C) Boiling point (C) Kekonduksian elektrik
Bahan Takat lebur ( C) Takat didih ( C) Solid Molten
Pepejal Leburan
Cannot Cannot
X -23 77
Tidak boleh Tidak boleh
Cannot Can
Y 801 1413
Tidak boleh Boleh
Table 2
Jadual 2
Based on Table 2,
Berdasarkan Jadual 2,
(i) what are the physical states of substance X and substance Y at room temperature?
apakah keadaan fizik bagi bahan X dan bahan Y pada suhu bilik?
X:
Y: [2M]
(ii) Explain the difference in melting point of substance X and subtance Y. Terangkan
perbezaan takat lebur bagi bahan X dan bahan Y
...[2M]
...[1M]
1. SPM 2010 The proton number of atom R is 14 and its relative atomic mass is 28. Which
statement is correct about R?
Nombor proton bagi atom R ialah 14 dan jisim atom relatifnya ialah 28. Pernyataan manakah
yang betul tentang R?
3. SPM 2010 Element J and element Q have proton number of 12 and 9 respectively. What is
the relative formula mass of a compound formed between J and Q?
[RAM : J = 24; Q = 19]
Unsur J dan unsur Q masing-masing mempunyai nombor proton 12 dan 9. Berapakah jisim
formula relatif bagi sebatian yang terbentuk antara J dan Q?
[Jisim atom relatif: J = 24; Q= 19]
A 30
B 43
C 62
D 67
4. SPM 2010 An oxide of element X has the empirical formula of X2O3. 2.24 g of element X
reacts completely with 0.96 g of oxygen. What is the relative atomic mass of X?
[RAM : O = 16]
Suatu oksida bagi unsur X mempunyai formula empirik X2O3. 2.24 g unsur X bertindak balas
lengkap dengan 0.96 g oksigen. Berapakah jisim atom relatif bagi X?
[Jisim atom relatif: 0= 16]
A 112
B 56
C 25
D 17
5. SPM 2010 .The following equation shows the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, H 2O2.
Persamaan berikut menunjukkan penguraian bagi hidrogen peroksida, H 2O2.
A 11.2 dm3
B 22.4 dm3
C 33.6 dm3
D 44.8 dm3
6. SPM 2010 .The electron arrangements of atom U is 2.8.1 and atom V is 2.8.7. What is the
molar mass of a compound formed when atom U combines with atom V?
[RAM : U = 23 : V = 35.5]
Susunan elektron bagi atom U ialah 2.8.1 dan atom V ialah 2.8.7. Apakah jisim molar bagi
sebatian yang terbentuk apabila atom U bergabung dengan atom V?
[Jisim atom relatif: U = 23; V = 35.5]
A 152.5 g mol-1
B 94.0 g mol-1
C 81.5 g mol-1
D 58.5 g mol-1
7. SPM 2011 The average mass of a magnesium atom is 24 times greater than of the mass
of a carbon-12 atom. What is the relative atomic mass of magnesium?
Purata jisim satu atom magnesium adalah 24 kali lebih besar daripada jisim satu atom karbon-
12. Apakah jisim atom relatif bagi magnesium?
A 2
B 12
C 24
D 48
8. SPM 2011.Diagram 1 shows the apparatus set-up to determine the empirical formula of
copper(II) oxide.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi menentukan formula empirik bagi kuprum(II) oksida.
Diagram 1
Rajah 1
The dry hydrogen gas must be flowed through the apparatus for several minutes before
heating the copper(II) oxide. What is the reason for this action to be taken?
Gas hidrogen kering mesti dialirkan melalui radas untuk beberapa minit sebelum pemanasan
kuprum(II) oksida. Apakah sebab tindakan ini diambil?
A To ensure all the copper(II) oxide has changed into copper
Untuk memastikan semua kuprum(II) oksida telah bertukar kepada kuprum
B To ensure all air has been removed so that explosion can be prevented
Untuk memastikan semua udara dikeluarkan supaya letupan dapat dielakkan
C To prevent copper from reacting with air to form copper(II) oxide
Untuk mengelakkan kuprum daripada bertindak balas dengan udara bagi membentuk
kuprum(II) oksida
D To prevent the water from flowing towards the hot porcelain dish and cracks the
combustion tube
Untuk mengelakkan air daripada mengalir ke arah piring porselin yang panas dan
meretakkan tiub pembakaran
9.SPM 2011. Which chemical equation represents the reaction between sodium metal and
oxygen gas?
Persamaan kimia manakah yang mewakili tindak balas antara logam natrium dan gas
oksigen?
A Na + 02 Na02
B Na + 02 Na2O
C 2 Na + 02 Na20
D 4 Na + 02 2Na20
10. SPM 2011 .Diagram 4 shows two types of gases filled in two balloons.
Rajah 4 menunjukkan dua jenis gas yang diisi ke dalam dua biji belon.
Diagram 4
Rajah2
A CHO
B CH2O
C C2H2O2
D C2H4O2
12. SPM 2012.Which chemical formula is correctly named according to the IUPAC
nomenclature system?
Formula kimia manakah yang dinamakan dengan betul berdasarkan sistem penamaan IUPAC?
Chemical formula Name
Formula kimia Nama
A MgO magnesium oksida
B SO3 sulfur oksida
C CO karbon oksida
D Fe2O3 Ferum(III) oksida
13. SPM 2012.Thiosulphate ion, S2O32- reacts with an element M in Group 1 to form a
compound. M is not the actual symbol of the element. What is the formula of the compound?
Ion tiosulfat, S2O32- bertindak balas dengan suatu unsur M dalam Kumpulan 1 untuk
membentuk suatu sebatian. M bukan simbol sebenar unsur itu. Apakah formula bagi sebatian
tersebut?
A MS2O3
B M 2S 2O 3
C M(S2O3)2
D M2(S2O3) 3
14. SPM 2012.The formula for potassium hexacyanoferrate(II) is given as KyFe(CN)6. Its
relative formula mass is 368. What is the value of y?
[Relative atomic mass: C = 12, N = 14, K = 39, Fe = 56]
Formula bagi kalium heksasianoferat(II) diberi sebagai KyFe(CN)6. Jisim formula relatif
sebatian ini ialah 368. Apakah nilai y?
[Jisim atom relatif. C = 12, N = 14, K = 39, Fe = 56]
A 2
B 3
C 4
D 5
15. SPM 2012.0.58 g flavouring substance is used to improve the taste of a pineapple cake.
What is the number of molecules of the flavouring substance?
[Relative molecular mass of flavouring substance = 116 g mol-1;
Avogadro constant = 6-02 x 1023 mol-1]
0.58 g bahan perisa digunakan untuk memperbaik rasa sebiji kek nanas. Berapakah
bilangan molekul bahan perisa itu?
[Jisim molekul relatif bahan perisa = 116 g mol-1;
Pemalar Avogadro = 6-02 x 1023 mol-1]
A 8.31 x 10-27
B 3.32 x 10-22
C 3.01 x 1021
D l.20 x 1026
16. SPM 2012.The following equation represents the combustion of propane in excess oxygen.
Persamaan berikut mewakili pembakaran propana dalam oksigen berlebihan.
What is the volume of carbon dioxide gas produced when 48 cm3 of propane is completely
burnt?
[Molar volume of gas = 24 dm3 mol-1 at room temperature]
Apakah isi padu gas karbon dioksida yang terhasil apabila 48 cm3 propana terbakar dengan
lengkap?
[Isi padu molar gas = 24 dm3 mol-1 pada suhu bilik]
A 28 cm3
B 48 cm3
C 96 cm3
D 144 cm3
A 6.02 X 1023
B 3.01 X 1023
C 2.41 X 1023
D 1.51 X 1023
A Two moles of sodium carbonate react with one mole of calcium chloride
Dua mol natrium karbonat bertindak balas dengan satu mol kalsium klorida
B The products are calcium carbonate precipitate and sodium chloride solution
Hasil tindak balas ialah mendakan kalsium karbonat dan larutan natrium klorida
C The reactants are solid sodium carbonate and calcium chloride solution
Bahan tindak balas ialah pepejal natrium karbonat dan larutan kalsium klorida
D Two moles of calcium carbonate and one mole of sodium chloride are formed
Dua mol kalsium karbonat dan satu mol natrium klorida terbentuk
19. SPM 2014.What is the mass of sodium chloride obtained when 50.0 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3
sodium hydroxide reacts with 50.0 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid?
[Relative atomic mass: Na = 23, Cl = 35-5]
Berapakah jisim natrium klorida yang diperoleh apabila 50.0 cm3 natrium hidroksida 1.0 mol
dm-3 bertindak balas dengan 50.0 cm3 asid hidroklorik 1.0 mol dm-3?
[Jisim atom relatif. Na = 23, Cl = 35-5]
A 0.025 g
B 0.050 g
C 1.463 g
D 2.925 g
A 16 g
B 32 g
C 50 g
D 64 g
A Chlorine
Klorin
B Hydrogen
Hidrogen
C Nitrogen
Nitrogen
D Oxygen
Oksigen
23. SPM 2015.Rate of diffusion depends on the mass of the gas particles. Which gas has the
highest rate of diffusion?
[Molar mass: CH4 = 16 g mol-1, NH3 = 17 g mol-1, CO = 28 g mol-1, SO2 = 64 g mol-1]
Kadar resapan bergantung kepada jisim zarah-zarah gas. Gas manakah mempunyai kadar
resapan paling tinggi?
[Jisim molar: CH4 = 16 g mol-1, NH3 = 17 g mol-1, CO = 28 g mol-1, SO2 = 64 g mol-1]
A CO
B SO2
C NH3
D CH4
24. SPM 2015.Diagram 1 shows the apparatus set-up to determine the empirical formula of
magnesium oxide.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk menentukan formula empirik magnesium
oksida.
Diagram 1
Rajah 1
25. SPM 2015.Eight atoms of element X has the same mass as two atoms of Tellurium, Te.
What is the relative atomic mass of X?
[Relative atomic mass: Te = 128]
Lapan atom unsur X mempunyai jisim yang sama dengan dua atom Telurium, Te. Berapakah
jisim atom relatif X?
[Jisim atom relatif: Te = 128]
A 8
B 16
C 32
D 64
26. SPM 2015.What is the percentage composition by mass of water in hydrated iron(Il)
sulphate, FeSO4.7H2O?
[Relative atomic mass: H = 1, 0 = 16, S = 32, Fe = 56]
Berapakah peratus komposisi jisim bagi air dalam ferum(II) sulfat terhidrat, FeSO 4.7H2O?
[Jisim atom relatif: H = 1,0= 16, S = 32, Fe = 56]
A 9.00 %
B 14.12 %
C 45.32 %
D 71.20 %
27. SPM 2015.The decomposition of lead(II) nitrate produces lead(II) oxide, nitrogen dioxide
and oxygen. Which of the following is the balanced chemical equation for the reaction?
Penguraian plumbum(II) nitrat menghasilkan plumbum(II) oksida, nitrogen dioksida dan
oksigen. Antara yang berikut, yang manakah persamaan kimia seimbang bagi tindak balas
berikut?
28. SPM 2015.The following equation represents the reaction between 100 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3
sulphuric acid and excess sodium carbonate.
Persamaan berikut mewakili tindak balas antara 100 cm3 asid sulfurik 1.0 mol dm-3 dan
natrium karbonat berlebihan.
What is the volume of carbon dioxide released at standard temperature and pressure?
[Molar volume of gas at standard temperature and pressure = 22.4 dm3 mol-1]
Berapakah isi padu karbon dioksida yang terbebas pada suhu dan tekanan piawai [Isi padu
molar gas pada suhu dan tekanan piawai = 22.4 dm3 mol-1]
A 1.12 dm3
B 2.24 dm3
C 4.48 dm3
D 22,4 dm3
28.SPM 2011. Diagram 1 shows the apparatus set-up to determine the empirical formula of
copper(II) oxide.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi menentukan formula empirik bagi kuprum(II) oksida.
Diagram 1
Rajah 1
The dry hydrogen gas must be flowed through the apparatus for several minutes before
heating the copper(II) oxide. What is the reason for this action to be taken?
Gas hidrogen kering mesti dialirkan melalui radas untuk beberapa minit sebelum pemanasan
kuprum(II) oksida. Apakah sebab tindakan ini diambil?
SOALAN STRUKTUR
SPM 2012
1. Table 2 shows the empirical formulae and the molecular formulae of three compounds.
Jadual 2 menunjukkan formula empirik dan formula molekul bagi tiga sebatian.
(ii) Relative molecular mass of compound W is 88. Determine the molecular formula of
compound W. [Relative atomic mass: C=12 ; H=l]
Jisim molekul relatif bagi sebatian W ialah 88. Tentukan formula molekul sebatian W.
[Jisim atom relatif C=12 ; H=l]
[2M]
.[1M]
(c) When compound Y is heated strongly, it will decompose to form copper(II) oxide, oxygen gas
and nitrogen dioxide gas.
Apabila sebatian Y dipanaskan dengan kuat, ia akan terurai membentuk kuprum(II) oksida,
gas oksigen dan gas nitrogen dioksida.
.[1M]
(ii) Write a balanced chemical equation for the decomposition of compound Y.
Tulis persamaan kimia yang seimbang bagi penguraian sebatian Y.
.[2M]
Diagram 2.2
Rajah 2.2
Based on the given information, calculate the volume of helium gas in the balloon at
room conditions. [1 mol of gas occupies 24 dm3 at room conditions]
Berdasarkan maklumat yang diberi, hitung isi padu gas helium dalam belon itu pada
keadaan bilik. [1 mol gas menempati 24 dm3 pada keadaan bilik]
SPM 2014
3. Diagram 2 shows the apparatus set-up to determine the empirical formula for an oxide of
copper.
Rajah 2 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk menentukan formula empirik bagi suatu oksida
kuprum.
Diagram 2
Rajah 2
(a) State the name of two reactants for the preparation of hydrogen gas.
Nyatakan nama dua bahan tindak balas bagi penyediaan gas hidrogen.
...[2M]
...[1M]
Based on Table 1, calculate the empirical formula for the oxide of copper.
Berdasarkan Jadual 1, hitung formula empirik bagi oksida kuprum.
[3M]
...[1M]
(e)(i) Can the empirical formula for magnesium oxide be determined by using this method?
Bolehkah formula empirik bagi magnesium oksida ditentukan dengan menggunakan kaedah
ini?
...[1M]
[1M]
A ML
B ML2
C M 2L
D M2L3
A Group 15
Kumpulan 15
B Group 16
Kumpulan 16
C Group 17
Kumpulan 17
D Group 18
Kumpulan 18
3.SPM 2010. Table 1 shows the property of oxide of elements P, Q and R. These elements are
located in the same period in the Period Table.
Jadual 1 menunjukkan sifat oksida bagi unsur-unsur P, Q dan R. Unsur-unsur ini terletak
dalam kala yang sama dalam Jadual Berkala.
A R, Q, P
B R, P, Q
C Q, P, R
D Q, R, P
4. SPM 2010.Which statement explains why the reactivity of Group 1 elements increases
when going down the group?
Pernyataan manakah yang menerangkan mengapa kereaktifan unsur Kumpulan 1 meningkat
apabila menuruni kumpulan itu?
A The physical state of the elements changes from gas to liquid then to solid at room
temperature
Keadaan fizik bagi unsur berubah daripada gas kepada cecair dan kemudian kepada
pepejal pada suhu bilik
B The attractive force between valence electron and the nucleus becomes stronger
Daya tarikan antara elektron valens dengan nukleus semakin kuat
C The valence electron gets further away from the nucleus
Elektron valens semakin jauh dari nukleus
D The melting points of the elements decrease
Takat lebur bagi unsur menurun
5. SPM 2010.Some transition elements and their compounds are useful catalyst in industries.
Which part is correct?
Sebilangan unsur peralihan dan sebatiannya merupakan mangkin yang berguna dalam
industri. Pasangan manakah yang betul?
Element Q is located above element P in the same group of the Periodic Table
Unsur Q terletak di atas unsur P dalam kumpulan yang sama dalam Jadual Berkala
C D
[7SPM 2011]. Table 1 shows three atoms of the elements and their electron arrangement
respectively. The letters used are not the actual symbol of the elements.
Jadual 1 menunjukkan tiga atom bagi unsur dan susunan elektron masing-masing. Huruf yang
digunakan bukan simbol sebenar bagi unsur itu.
Which of the following is correct about the three elements according to the sequence, P, Q and
R?
Antara yang berikut, yang manakah betul tentang ketiga-tiga unsur itu mengikut urutan P, Q
dan R?
[8.SPM 2011]. Table 5 shows the observation when oxides of elements in Period 3 of the
Periodic Table is added to sodium hydroxide solution and nitric acid. X, Y and Z are not the
actual symbols of the elements.
Jadual 5 menunjukkan pemerhatian apabila oksida bagi unsur-unsur dalam Kala 3 bagi
Jadual Berkala ditambah kepada larutan natrium hidroksida dan asid nitrik. X, Y dan Z bukan
simbol sebenar bagi unsur-unsur itu.
A X. Y, Z
B X. Z, Y
C Z, Y, X
D Y. Z. X
[ 9.SPM 2012] The nucleon number of element X is 19. Element X has 10 neutrons. Which
element has the same chemical properties as element X?
[Proton number: O = 8, Na = 11, Cl = 17, Ar = 18]
Nombor nukleon unsur X ialah 19. Unsur X mempunyai 10 neutron. Unsur manakah yang
mempunyai sifat kimia yang sama dengan unsur X?
[Nombor protom O = 8, Na = 11, Cl = 17, Ar = 18]
A Argon
Argon
B Sodium
Natrium
C Chlorine
Klorin
D Oxygen
Oksigen
[10.SPM 2013]. Y is located in the same group as argon in the Periodic Table of Elements.
Which of the following are the characteristics of Y?
Y terletak dalam kumpulan yang sama dengan argon dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur. Antara
yang berikut, yang manakah ciri-ciri bagi Y?
I A monoatomic particle
Zarah monoatom
II Chemically inert
Lengai secara kimia
III Liquid at room temperature
Cecairpada suhn bilik
IV Conduct electricity
Mengkonduksi elektrik
A I and II
I dan II
B I and III
I dan III
C II and IV
II dan IV
D III and IV
III dan IV
[11 SPM 2014]. Which characteristic is similar for all elements in Group 17 of the Periodic
Table?
Ciri manakah yang sama bagi semua unsur Kumpulan 17 dalam Jadual Berkala?
[12 SPM 2014]. Table 2 shows the proton number of elements W, X, Y and Z.
Jadual 2 menunjukkan nombor proton bagi unsur-unsur W, X, Y dan Z.
Element
W X Y Z
Unsur
Proton number
3 6 11 12
Nombor proton
Table 2
Jadual 2
Which arrangement shows the atomic size of the elements in ascending order?
Susunan manakah menunjukkan saiz atom unsur-unsur dalam tertib menaik?
A Z, Y, X, W
B W, X, Y, Z
C X, W, Z, Y
D Y, Z, W, X
[13.SPM 2014] Helium gas is used to fill weather balloons because of its inert property. Which
of the following is the best explanation of the property?
Gas helium digunakan untuk mengisi belon kaji cuaca kerana sifat lengainya. Antara yang
berikut, penerangan manakah yang paling baik mengenai sifat itu?
[14.SPM 2015] Which of the following is the correct change in property of elements across the
period in the Periodic Table of Elements?
Antara yang berikut, yang manakah betul mengenai perubahan sifat unsur merentasi kala
dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur?
[15 SPM 2015]. Diagram 2 shows the apparatus set-up to study the reactivity of Group 1
elements of the Periodic Table of elements in reaction with oxygen.
Rajah 2 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk mengkaji kereaktifan unsur dalam Kumpulan 1
Jadual Berkala Unsur bertindak balas dengan oksigen.
Diagram 2
Rajah 2
Table 1 shows the observations for each reaction.
Jadual 1 menunjukkan pemerhatian bagi setiap tindak balas.
Unsur Pemerhatian
Burns vigorously with purple flame
X
Terbakar sangat cergas dengan nyalaan ungu
Burns slowly with red flame
Y
Terbakar perlahan dengan nyalaan merah
Burns vigorously with yellow flame
Z
Terbakar sangat cergas dengan nyalaan kuning
Jadual 1
Which of the following is the correct descending order of reactivity of these elements with
oxygen?
Antara yang berikut, yang manakah tertib secara menurun yang betul bagi kereaktifan unsur
ini dengan oksigen?
A X, Y, Z
B X, Z, Y
C Y. Z, X
D Z, Y, X
[16 SPM 2015]. Element Y is located in the same group as chlorine in the Periodic Table of
Elements. Which of the following is correct about Y?
Unsur Y terletak dalam kumpulan yang sama dengan klorin dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur.
Antara yang berikut, yang manakah betul tentang Y?
A Forms Y+ ion
Membentuk ion Y+
B Forms basic oxide
Membentuk oksida bes
C Exists as monoatomic
Wujud sebagai monoatom
D Has seven valence electrons
Mempunyai tujuh elektron valens
SOALAN STRUKTUR
SPM 2010
1. Diagram 3 shows of the Periodic Table of Elements
Rajah 3 menunjukkan sebahagian daripada Jadual Berkala Unsur
Diagram 3
Rajah 3
Based on Diagram 3
Berdasarkan Rajah 3
...[1M]
(ii) Which group and period is the metal in 3(a)(i) found in? [1M]
Dalam kumpulan dan kala yang manakah unsur di 3a(i) terletak?
Group : Period :
Kumpulan Kala
...[1M]
...
...[2M]
(c) Sodium reacts with oxygen gas to form sodium oxide, Na2O.
Natrium bertindak balas dengan gas oksigen untuk membentuk natrium oksida, Na2O
...[2M]
(ii) Sodium oxide reacts with water to produce a solution. In table 3, Mark () in the
box to shows the value of pH of the solution.
Natrium oksida bertindakbalas dengan air untuk menghasilkan suatu larutan.
Pada Jadual 3, tanda () dalam petak yang menunjukkan nilai pH bagi larutan itu.
pH Value
Nilai pH
4 7 11
Table 3
Jadual 3
(d) State which is more electronegative, sodium or chlorine. Explain your answer.
Nyatakan yang mana lebih elektronegatif, natrium atau klorin. Terangkan jawapan
anda.
...
...
...[2M]
[2.SPM 2011] Diagram 3 shows the symbols of the atoms of elements U, V and W. The
letters used are not the actual symbols of the elements.
Rajah 3 menunjukkan simbol atom bagi unsur-unsur U, V dan W. Huruf yang
digunakan bukan simbol sebenar bagi unsur-unsur itu
7 U 23 V 32 W
3 11 16
Diagram 3
Rajah 3
[1M]
[1M]
(b) Going down Group 1, the reactivity of the elements increases. U and V react with
water to produce metal hydroxide solution and hydrogen gas.
Menuruni Kumpulan 1, kereaktifan unsur bertambah. U dan V bertindak balas dengan
air untuk menghasilkan larutan logam hidroksida dan gas hidrogen.
[1M]
(ii) Based on the answer in 3(b)(i), write the chemical equation for the reaction.
berdasarkan jawapan di 3(b)(i), tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas itu
[2M]
(c) (i) Write the electron arrangement for the atoms of element W.
Tulis susunan elektron bagi atom unsur W.
[1M]
(ii) Identify the period for the atoms of element W.
Kenal pasti kala bagi atom unsur W.
[1M]
[1M]
(d). V and W are placed in the same period in the Periodic Table.
V dan W terletak dalam kala yang sama dalam Jadual Berkala.
[1M]
[1M]
Diagram 3
Rajah 3
Based on Diagram 3:
Berdasarkan Rajah 3:
(a) What is the basic principle used in arranging the elements in the Periodic Table of
Elements?
Apakah prinsip asas yang digunakan dalam penyusunan unsur-unsur dalam Jadual
Berkala Unsur?
.[1M]
(b) State two elements that are placed in the same period.
Nyatakan dua unsur yang terletak dalam kala yang sama.
.[1M]
.[1M]
(d) Molecular size of chlorine is smaller than the molecular size of bromine. Explain
why the melting and boiling points of bromine is higher than chlorine.
Saiz molekul klorin adalah lebih kecil daripada saiz molekul bromin. Terangkan
mengapa takat lebur dan takat didih bromin lebih tinggi daripada klorin.
....
...
.[2M]
(i) Write the chemical equation for the reaction between magnesium and oxygen.
Tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas antara magnesium dengan oksigen.
.[1M]
(ii) State the colour of magnesium oxide.
Nyatakan warna bagi magnesium oksida.
.[1M]
Metal X Metal Y
Logam X Logam Y
React with chlorine to form a green solid,
React with chlorine to form a YCl2 or brown solid, YCl3.
white solid, XC1 Bertindak balas dengan klorin
Bertindak balas dengan klorin menghasilkan pepejal hijau, YCl2 atau
menghasilkan pepejal putih, XC1 pepejal perang, YCl3.
Jadual 3
Based on Table 3, identify the transition element and give a reason for your answer.
Berdasarkan Jadual 3, kenal pasti logam peralihan dan beri alasan untuk jawapan
anda.
.
.
.[2M]
[4.SPM 2014] Diagram 2.1 shows part of the Periodic Table of Elements. M, Q, R, T, U,
V and W are not the actual symbols of the elements.
Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan sebahagian daripada Jadual Berkala Unsur. M, Q, R, T, U, V
dan W bukan merupakan simbol sebenar unsur.
Diagram 2.1
Rajah 2.1
Based on Diagram 2.1:
Berdasarkan rajah 2.1:
......................................................................................................................[1M]
......................................................................................................................[1M]
......................................................................................................................[1M]
......................................................................................................................[1M]
(ii) Arrange the elements in ascending order based on the reactivity toward oxygen.
Susun unsur-unsur itu dalam tertib menaik berdasarkan kereaktifan terhadap oksigen.
......................................................................................................................[1M]
......................................................................................................................[2M]
......................................................................................................................[1M]
[5.SPM 2015] Table 3 shows the electron arrangement of atoms of elements T, Q and
R. The letters used are not the actual symbols of the elements.
Jadual 3 menunjukkan susunan elektron bagi atom unsur T. Q dan R. Huruf yang
digunakan bukan simbol sebenar bagi unsur itu..
Q
.
R
2.8.8.1
Jadual 3
(a) T, Q and R are located in the same group in the Periodic Table of Elements.
T. Q dan R terletak dalam kumpulan yang sama dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur.
(i) State the group for the elements.
Nyatakan kumpulan bagi unsur itu.
[1M]
(ii) Give one reason for your answer in 3(a)(i).
Beri satu sebab bagi jawapan anda di 3(a)(i).
[1M]
(iii) Q is located between T and R of the same group in the Periodic Table of Elements.
Write the electron arrangement for the atom of Q.
Q terletak di antara T dan R dalam kumpulan yang sama dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur.
Tulis susunan elektron bagi atom Q.
[1M]
(b) Explain why element R is more reactive than element Q.
Terangkan mengapa unsur R lebih reaktif daripada unsur Q.
[3M]
[1M]
(ii) Calculate the mass of the product formed.
[Relative atomic mass: T = 7, Oxygen = 16]
Hitung jisim hasil tindak balas yang terbentuk.
[Jisim atom relatif: T = 7, Oksigen -16]
[2M]
TOPIK 5 : IKATAN KIMIA
[17SPM 2010]. Which diagram shows the electron arrangement for the nitrogen molecule, N2?
[Proton number: N=7]
Rajah manakah menunjukkan susunan elektron bagi molekul nitrogen, N2?
[Nombor proton: N = 7]
A B
C D
A P and S
P dan S
B P and R
P dan R
C Q and S
Q dan S
D Q and R
Q dan R
Y Z
A Carbon Oxygen
Karbon Oksigen
B Oxygen Hydrogen
Oksigen Hidrogen
C Hydrogen Chlorine
Hidrogen Klorin
D Carbon Chlorine
Karbon Klorin
[26.SPM2011] Diagram 7 shows the electrons arrangements of atoms X and Y. X and Y are
not the actual symbols of the elements.
Rajah 7 menunjukkan susunan elektron bagi atom X dan atom Y. X dan Y bukan simbol
sebenar bagi unsur tersebut.
Rajah 7
A W and Z
W dan Z
B X and Z
X dan Z
C W and Y
W dan Y
D Y and Z
Y dan Z
[41SPM2012]. Diagram 7 shows the symbols for four different elements. The letters J, L, M
and Q,
are not the actual symbols of the elements.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan simbol bagi empat unsur yang berlainan. Huruf-huruf J, L, M dan Q,
bukan simbol sebenar bagi unsur-unsur itu.
23 16 24 35
11
J 8
L 12
M 17
Q
Rajah 7
Which is the correct formula and type of bond when two of the elements react?
Formula dan jenis ikatan manakah yang betul apabila dua daripada unsur-unsur itu bertindak
balas?
Formula Jenis ikatan
A J2L Ionik
B JL2 Kovalen
C M 2Q Ionik
D MQ2 Kovalen
Element Y Element Z
Unsur Y Unsur Z
2.4 2.6
Table 2
Jadual 2
What is the formula and the type of bond of the compound formed from the reaction between
Y and Z?
Apakah formula dan jenis ikatan bagi sebatian yang terbentuk daripada tindak balas antara Y
dan Z?
Formula
Jenis ikatan
A y2z Kovalen
B y2z Ionik
C yz2 Kovalen
D yz2 Ionik
SPM 2012 1.. Table 4 shows the electron arrangement of elements of magnesium, oxygen and
sodium.
Jadual 4 mnunjukkan susunan elektron bagi unsur magnesium, oksigen dan natrium.
Magnesium
2.8.2
Magnesium
..
Oxygen
Oksigen
Sodium
2.8.1
Natrium
Table 4
Jadual 4
Based on Table 4:
Berdasarkan Jadual 4:
.[1M]
.[1M]
.[1M]
[2M]
(c) 2.3 g of sodium reacts completely with oxygen to form sodium oxide.
2.3 g natrium bertindak balas lengkap dengan oksigen untuk membentuk natrium oksida.
.[2M]
[3M]
SPM 2010 2(a) Table 4.1 shows the proton number of three elements, X, Y and Z. The
letters used do not represent the actual symbols of the elements.
Jadual 4.1 menunjukkan nombor proton bagi tiga unsur, X, Y dan Z. Huruf yang
digunakan tidak mewakili simbol sebenar unsur-unsur tersebut
Element Proton number
Elemen Nombor proton
X 6
Y 12
Z 17
Table 4.1
Jadual 4.1
Atom Y : ..
Atom Y
(ii) Write the formula of the compound formed between elements Y and Z.
Tulis formula bagi sebatian yang terbentuk antara unsur Y dan Z.
...[1M]
(iii) Element X react with element Z to form a covalent compound with a formula XZ4.
State two physical properties of this covalent compound.
Unsur X bertindak balas dengan unsur Z untuk membentuk satu sebatian kovalen
dengan formula XZ4. Nyatakan dua sifat fizikal bagi sebatian kovalen ini.
i. .
ii. . [2M]
[2M]
(b) Table 4.2 shows some physical properties of two compounds, U and V.
Jadual 4.2 menunjukkan beberapa sifat fizikal bagi dua sebatian, U dan V
Solubility in
Solubility in
Melting point Boling point organic solvent
Compound water
Takat lebur Takat Keterlarutan
Sebatian Keterlarutan
(C) didih (C) dalam
dalam air
pelarut
Soluble Insoluble
U 800 1 420
Larut Tak larut
Insoluble Soluble
V - 95 86
Tak larut Larut
Table 4.2
Jadual 4.2
(i) State the physical state of the following compounds at room temperature.
Nyatakan keadaan fizikal bagi sebatian berikut pada suhu bilik.
U: ..
V : .[2M]
...[1M]
Compound L
Sebatian L
Diagram 3
Rajah 3
......................................................................................................................[1M]
(ii)Write the chemical formula for compound L.
Tulis formula kimia bagi sebatian L.
......................................................................................................................[1M]
(b) Compound L exists as gas at room conditions. 36 dm3 of gas L reacts with
ammonia to form water and urea, CO(NH2)2.
Sebatian L wujud sebagai gas pada keadaan bilik. 36 dm3 gas L bertindak balas
dengan ammonia untuk membentuk air dan urea, CO(NH2)2.
......................................................................................................................[2M]
[2M]
(c) Oxygen can also react with sodium to form another compound with formula Na2O.
Oksigen juga boleh bertindak balas dengan natrium untuk membentuk sebatian lain
dengan formula Na2O.
(i) Compare the melting point of compound Na2O with melting point of compound L in
Diagram 3.
Bandingkan takat lebur bagi sebatian Na2O dengan takat lebur sebatian L di Rajah 3.
......................................................................................................................[1M]
.............................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................[5M]