Terengganu2021 

Rajah 1 menunjukkan susunan alat radas oleh seorang pelajar untuk menjalankan satu
eksperimen bagi menentukan haba peneutralan antara asid nitrik dan larutan natrium
hidroksida.
Diagram 1 shows the apparatus set-up by a student to carried out an experiment to
determine the heat of neutralisation between nitric acid and sodium hydroxide solution.

Rajah 1
Diagram 1

Keputusan eksperimen adalah seperti dalam Jadual 1 di bawah. 

The result of the experiment is shown in Table 1 below.

Keterangan Suhu (°C)

Description Temperature{°C)
Suhu awal larutan asid nitrik 28.0
Initial temperature of nitric acid
Suhu awal larutan natrium hidroksida 28.0
Initial temperature of sodium hydroxide solution
Suhu tertinggi campuran tindak balas  34.0
Highest temperature of the reaction mixture

Jadual 1
Table 1

Apakah maksud haba peneutralan bagi eksperimen ini?

What is the meaning of heat of neutralization for this experiment?

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                                                                                                                 [1M]
Cadangkan satu radas yang boleh digunakan bagi menggantikan cawan polisterina dalam
eksperimen ini.
Suggest one apparatus that can be used to replace polystyrene cup in this experiment.
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                                                                                                                  [1M]
Berdasarkan kepada eksperimen:
Based on the experiment

Hitungkan perubahan haba dalam tindak balas itu. 

[Muatan haba tentu = 4.2 J g °C ] -1 -1

Calculate the heat change in the reaction.

[Specific heat capacity = 4.2 J g °C ] -1 -1

[1M]

Hitung haba peneutralan bagi eksperimen itu.

Calculate the heat of neutralization of the experiment.

 [3M]

Eksperimen itu diulangi dengan menggunakan 25 cm larutan asid sulfurik 1.0 mol dm 3 -3

menggantikan asid nitrik.

The experiment is repeated by using 25 cm of 1.0 mol dm of sulphuric acid to replace the
3 -3

nitric acid.

Ramalkan nilai haba peneutralan bagi eksperimen itu.

Predict the value of heat of neutralization for the experiment.

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                                                                                                                 [1M]

Terangkan jawapan anda di 11(d)(i)

Explain your answer in 11(d)(i)

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                                                                                                                 [1M]
Kedah2021
Jadual 2 menunjukkan haba peneutralan bagi dua set eksperimen yang menggunakan asid
berlainan yang bertindak balas dengan larutan kalium hidroksida.

Table 2 shows the heat of neutralization for two sets of experiment using different acids
reacting with potassium hydroxide solution.

Haba peneutralan 
Se Bahan tindak balas (kJ mol ) -1

t Reactants Heat of neutralization 

(kJ mol ) -1

I Asid J + larutan kalium hidroksida -55

Acid J + potassium hydroxide solution

II Asid K + larutan kalium hidroksida -51

Acid K + potassium hydroxide solution

Jadual 2
Table 2

Terangkan perbezaan bagi nilai haba peneutralan antara set I dan set II.
Explain the difference in the values of heat of neutralization between set I and set II.

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                                                                                                               [3M]

MRSM2021

Jadual 1 menunjukkan haba peneutralan bagi tindak balas antara larutan kalium hidroksida
dengan dua jenis asid yang berlainan.
Table 1 shows the heat of neutralisation of the reaction between potassium hydroxide
solution with two different types of acids.

Haba peneutralan (kJ mol ) -1

Bahan tindak balas Heat of neutralisation (kJ mol ) -1

Reactants
Asid R + larutan kalium hidroksida
Acid R + potassium hydroxide -55
solution
Asid S + larutan kalium hidroksida
-51
Acid S + potassium hydroxide solution

Jadual 1
Table 1
Cadangkan asid R dan asid S.
Suggest acid R and acid S.

Asid R : ..........................................................................
Acid R

Asid S : ..........................................................................
Acid S
[2M]

Berdasarkan jawapan di 8(b)(i), tuliskan persamaan termokimia bagi tindak balas antara
asid R dengan larutan kalium hidroksida.
Based on your answer in 8(b)(i), write the thermochemical equation of the reaction between
acid R and potassium hydroxide solution.

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                                                                                                                 [2M]

Nilai haba peneutralan bagi kedua-dua tindak balas adalah berbeza. Terangkan mengapa.
The value of heat of neutralisation for both reactions are different. 
Explain why.

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                                                                                                               [2M]
Terengganu2021

(a) Perubahan haba apabiia satu mol air terbentuk daripada tindakbalas peneutralar antara
asid nitrik dan natrium hidroksida.
Heat change when one mole of water is formed from the reaction between nitric acid and
sodium hydroxide.

(b) Cawan plastik // cawan kaca // cawan kertas

plastic cup //glass cup // paper cup

(c) (i) Q = (25+25) x 4.2 X 6 J // 1260 J //1.26 kJ

(ii) Bilangan mol     = 1.0 x 25 // 0.025 

Number of mole     1000

ΔH = 1260 // 1.26 // 50400 =  50.4

        0.025     0.025
= - 50.4 kJ mol (tanda
-1
dan unit yang betul)

(d) (i) Sama // 50.4 kJ mol   //Same 

-1

(ii)Haba peneutralan adalah haba yang dibebaskan bagi pembentukan satu mol air.
Heat of neutralisation is the heat released for the formation of one mole of water.

(e)
1. Label tenaga dan anak panah ke bawah dan dua aras untuk tindak balas eksotermik. 2.
Persamaan ion dan ΔH
1. Energy levels labelled with arrow downward and two energy levels for exothermic reaction
2. Ionic equation and ΔH

KEDAH2021

(b) 1. Asid K asid kuat, asid J asid lemah

Acid K is a strong acid, acid J is a weak acid
2. Asid K mengion sepenuhnya di dalam air manakala asid J mengion separa lengkap di
dalam air // Acid K ionize completely in water while acid J ionize partially in water

3. Sebahagian haba yang dibebaskan diserap oleh molekul asid J untuk mengion
sepenuhnya //Some of heat released is absorbed by acid J molecules to ionize completely.

(b) (i) R : Ethanoic acid // any weak acids 

S : Hydrochloric acid // any strong acids
Accept formula of acids
(ii) P1. Correct formulae of reactants and products 
P2. AH with correct value and unit

Answer: .
CH COOH + KOH 🡪 CH COOK +H2O ; ΔH = -55 kj mol
3 3
-1

Penalty P2 if no equation/Pl given

(iii) P1. Ethanoic acid/ acid R ionizes partially in water and some remain as molecules (to
produce low concentration of H+ ions) while hydrochloric acid/ acid S ionized completely in
water (to produce high concentration of H+ ions)
// Ethanoic acid/ acid R is a weak acid while hydrochloric acid/ acid S is a strong acid

P2. Some of the heat released during neutralisation is absorbed by ethanoic acid/ acid R
molecules and used to completely ionises the weak acid

Note: mention molecules at least once