Kem Kecemerlangan Kimia SPM 2018

Kem Kimia Daerah Mersing

SKEMA JAWAPAN
KEM KECEMERLANGAN KIMIA TINGKATAN 4 2018

Latihan Asas
1. 2Mg + O2  2MgO
2. 2K + Cl2  2KCl
3. PbCO3  PbO + CO2
4. Zn + 2HCl  ZnCl2 + H2
5. Cl2 + 2KI  2KCl + I2
6. Mg + Cu(NO3)2  Mg(NO3)2 + Cu
7. HCl + NaOH  NaCl + H2O
8. Pb(NO3)2 + NaCl  PbCl2 + NaNO3

1. a) i) Xe / Xenon 1

ii) NaCl / nat NaCl  rium klorida 1

iii) Kertas litmus biru menjadi merah dan 1
iv) Naftalena adalah sebatian karbon 1
Molekul tidak mempunyai ion-ion yang bebas bergerak 1
// mengandungi molekul neutral
v) Atom Xe telah mencapai susunan elektron oktet 1
// Atom Xe mengandungi 8 elektron valens
b) i) Atom adalah zarah terkecil yang membina unsur 1
ii) 𝟏𝟐
𝟔𝑸

iii) Elektron
iv) Persamaan : Atom R dan Q mempunyai bilangan proton yang sama
Perbezaan : Atom R dan Q mempunyai bilangan neutron yang berbeza.
Jumlah 11

2. a) i) Formula that shows the actual number of atom of each element in a

compound. 1
Formula yang menunjukkan bilangan atom yang sebenar bagi setiap unsur
dalam sesuatu sebatian.

ii) Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen. 1

Karbon, Hidrogen dan Oksigen.
iii) 2(1) + 12 + 2(16) 1
-1
// 46 g mol

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iv) Qualitative aspect / Aspek kualitatif :

1. Reactants / Bahan tindak balas :
Magnesium and ethanoic acid // Mg and CH3COOH
Magnesium dan asid etanoik // Mg dan CH3COOH

2. Products / Hasil tindak balas :

Magnesium ethanoate and hydrogen // (CH3COO)2Mg and H2
Magnesium etanoatdan hidrogen // (CH3COO)2Mg dan H2

3. Magnesium solid reacts with ethanoic acid aqueous solution to form

magnesium ethanoate aqueous solution and hydrogen gas.
Pepejal magnesium bertindak balas dengan larutan akuesasid etanoik
menghasilkan larutan akuesmagnesium etanoat dan gashidrogen.

4. Quantitative aspect / Aspek kuantitatif :

1 mol of magnesium reacts with 2 mol of ethanoic acid to form 1 mol
magnesium ethanoate and 1 mol of hydrogen.
1mol magnesium bertindak balas dengan 2 mol asid etanoik menghasilkan
1 mol magnesium etanoat dan 1 mol hidrogen.
...3
[Any three // Mana-mana tiga]
(b) (i) MgCO3 + H2SO4 → MgSO4 + CO2 + H2O 1

1. Number of mole of H2SO4 / Bil. mol H2SO4 1

2.0 × 5 // 0.01 mol
1000

2. Ratio of mole / Nisbah mol

H2SO4 : CO2 1
1 : 1
0.01 : 0.01

3. Volume of CO2 / Isipadu CO2

3 3
0.01 × 24 // 0.24 dm // 240 cm 1 ...3
TOTAL 9

3 a) 1. P : Magnesium/Mg // Zinc/ Zn // Aluminium/ Al 1

2. Q : Copper/Cu // Lead/Pb // Tin/ Sn 1
3. P is a reactive metal 1
4. Q is less reactive than hydrogen // 1
Position of Q is below than hydrogen in Reactivity Series …4
b) 1
Element P O 1
Mass (g) 21.2 – 20.00 = 1.2 22.0 – 21.2 = 0.8 1
Number of mole/mol 1.2/24 = 0.05 0.8 /16 = 0.05 1
Simplest ratio 1 1

Empirical formula is PO 1
1. [Correct formula of reactants and product] 1 ...6
2. [Balanced equation]
Answer : 2P + O2 → 2PO
TOTAL 20

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4 a) 1. Aluminium ion : 2.8 1

2. Oxide ion : 2.8.8 1
b) i)
- 2+
-
Cl Mg Cl

1. Correct number of shells and number of electron

2. Correct charge
[Description]
3. To achieve the stability of electron arrangement
2+
4. Magnesium / Mg atom donates two electron to form magnesium ion / Mg
-
and Chlorine / Cl atom accepts one electron to form chloride ion / Cl
5. [one] magnesium / Mg atom donate two electron to two chlorine atoms
6. Magnesium ion / Mg2+ and chloride ion / Cl- are attracted
to one another by electrostatic force
ii)
XX
XX
X
X X Cl XX
X X XX
XX X
XX XX
XX
X X XX
X X Cl X
X X XX C X X Cl X X X
X X X
X X
XX X
XX XX
XX XX
X
X X Cl X X
X X X X
X
XX
XX
1. Correct number of shell and electron
2. Correct number of atoms of carbon and chlorine
[Description]
3. To achieve the stability of electron arrangement
4. Carbon atom contribute four electron and chlorine atom contribute one
electron
5. One carbon atom share four electron with four chlorine atoms.
c) i) 1. Compound (b)(i) / MgCl2 is an ionic compound 1
2. In molten state, MgCl2 has freely moving ions 1
3. Compound (b)(ii) / CCl4 is a covalent compound. 1
4. CCl4 has no freely moving ions// only consist of molecules. 1

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ii) 1. Ions in MgCl2 are held together by strong electrostatic force 1

2. A lot of heat energy is needed to overcome / break the strong electrostatic 1
force
3. Molecules in CCl4 are held together by weak intermolecular forces / van der 1
Waals
4. Less heat energy is needed to overcome the forces 1

5 (a) Process whereby a compound in molten state or aqueous

solution/ electrolyte is decomposed into its constituent
elements when an electric current passes through it. //

Proses di mana sebatian dalam keadaan leburan atau larutan 1

akueus / elektrolit terurai kepada unsur juzuknya

apabila arus elektrik mengalir melaluinya.

(b) X : carbon // karbon 1

Y : copper // kuprum 1 …2

(c) oxygen // oksigen 1

(d) Type of electrode // Jenis elektrod 1

(e) X : 4OH- → O2 + 2H2O + 4e 1

1 …2
2+
Y : Cu → Cu + 2e

(f) Electrode X : The intensity of blue colour of solution decrease// 1

Keamatan warna biru larutan berkurang

Electrode Y : The intensity of blue colour of solution

unchanged// Keamatan warna biru tidak berubah

Electrode X : Concentration/ the number of Cu2+ ion decrease//

kepekatan / bilangan ion Cu2+ berkurang

Electrode Y : Concentration/ the number of Cu2+ ion

unchanged // The rate of ionisation of copper at anode is the
same the rate of discharge of Cu2+ ion at cathode.// kepekatan 1
/ bilangan ion kuprum(II) tidak berubah // Kadar pengionan
kuprum di anod sama kadar nyahcas ion kuprum dikatod
….2

(g) Cu2+ ion lower than H+ ion in the electrochemical series // 1

Ion Cu2+ di bawah ion H+ dalam siri elektrokimia

TOTAL 10

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2+ +
6. a) i) Cu , H 1
ii) Brown solid is deposited. 1

iii)
Experiment Product form at Factor that effect the
the anode product form at the anode
I Oxygen gas Position of ion in the 1+1
electrochemical series
1
II Type of electrode used
...3

2+
iv) Cu  Cu + 2e 1

v) 1. Experiment II. 1
2+
2. Number/concentration of Cu ion remains unchanged //
Rate of ionisation of copper atom at the anode is the same as the rate of 1 ...2
2+
discharge of Cu ion at the cathode.
b)

1
[2 electrodes & electrolyte] 1
[spoon as a cathode, Cu as an anode] 1 ...3
[Label (Cu & CuSO4)]
TOTAL 11

7 a) i) Electrodes Anode Cathode

Product Oxygen gas Hydrogen gas 1+1
- +
Half-equation 4OH → O2 + 2H2O + 4e 2H + 2e → H2
1+1
ii) 1. Concentration of hydrochloric acid increases 1
- -
2. Cl and OH ions attracted to the anode 1
-
OH ions selectively discharged – lower position in the electrochemical series
+
3. H ions attracted to the anode 1
+
H ions are discharged – one type of ions only 1
+ -
4. Therefore only left with H and Cl ions
iii) Anode: Position of ions the electrochemical series 1
Cathode: Position of ions in the electrochemical series 1
b) Procedure:
1. Clean a piece of iron ring with sand paper. 1
3 -3
2. Pour 100 cm of copper(II) nitrate solution , 0.1 moldm in a beaker 1
3. Connect iron ring to the negative terminal and a copper plate to the positive 1
terminal.
4. Dip the both terminal into the copper(II) nitrate solution 1

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1
 Rajah berfungsi 1 markah
 Label bahan kimia 1 markah
1

Electrode Anode/anod Cathode/katod

+2 +2
Half-equation Cu → Cu + 2e Cu + 2e → Cu 1+1
Copper becomes thinner / Iron ring is coated with 1+1
Observation decrease in size / mass shiny brown solid

8 a) i) Penguraian ganda dua / pemendakan 1

ii) Plumbum(II) nitrat / Pb(NO3)2 1
Natrium karbonat/Na2CO3 // Kalium karbonat/ K2CO3 1 2
// Ammonium karbonat/ (NH4)2CO3
iii) 1. Formula bahan dan hasil betul 1
2. Persamaan seimbang 1 2
Pb(NO3)2 + Na2CO3  PbCO3 + 2NaNO3
iv) Mendakan putih 1
b) i) Natrium karbonat/Na2CO3 // Kalium karbonat/ K2CO3 1
// Ammonium karbonat/ (NH4)2CO3
2+ 2-
ii) Cu + CO 3  CuCO3 1
iii) 1. Masukkan air sisa buangan ke dalam tabung uji 1
2. Tambahkan larutan natrium hidroksida ke dalam tabung uji 1
3. Mendakan biru tidak terbentuk 1
Atau
1. Masukkan air sisa buangan ke dalam tabung uji
2. Tambahkan larutan ammonia akueus ke dalam tabung uji
3. Tiada perubahan.
11

9.

10.

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11 a) 1. Blue precipitate formed 1

2. Copper(II)hydroxide salt that insoluble in water form 1
3. Cu
2+
+ 2OH
-
 Cu(OH)2 1

b) 1. Observation : Blue precipitate formed and dissolve in excess ammonia solution 1

2. Explanation : Cu(OH)2 dissolve in excess ammonium solution 1
c) i) Solid J – copper(II)oxide 1
Gas K – oxygen 1
Gas L – nitrogen dioxide 1
ii) 2Cu(NO3)2  2CuO + O2 + NO2 1+1
d) i) *anion : probably is nitrate 1
1. Salt Q is dissolved in water 1
2. Iron(II) sulphate and concentrated sulphuric acid are added slowly 1
3. A brown ring is formed 1
ii) *cation : probably are aluminium & lead(II)
1. Potassium iodide is added to solution Q 1
2. Yellow/white precipitate is formed 1
3. Yellow/white precipitate shows the presence of lead(II) ion 1
4. No precipitate formed 1
5. No precipitate indicates the presence of aluminium ion

12
Huraikan bagaimanakah penyediaan magnesium klorida kering dalam makmal.

Persamaan kimia / Chemical equation : Mg + 2HCl  ........................

Prosedur ;
3
1. (Sukat dan) Masukkan 50 cm ........................................... ke dalam bikar
3
(Measure and ) Pour 50 cm of .................................................... acid ke dalam bikar
2. Panaskan asid .............................. perlahan-lahan / Heat .............................. acid slowly
3. Tambahkan serbuk................................ ke dalam bikar sehingga berlebihan
Add ………………………….. powder into a beaker until excess.
4. Kacau campuran / Stir the mixture
5. Turas campuran / Filter the mixture
6. Panaskan larutan sehingga tepu / Heat the solution until saturated
7. Sejukkan garam / Cool the salt
8. Turaskan garam / Filter the salt
9. Keringkan garam di antara dua kertas turas / Dry the salt between two pieces of filter paper

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Huraikan penyediaan garam Plumbum(II) sulfat dalam makmal.

Persamaan kimia : …………….. + ……………….  PbSO4 + …………………
Prosedur ;
3 -3
1. (Sukat dan) Masukkan 50 cm larutan .................................................. 0.1 mol dm ke dalam bikar.
3 -3
(Measure and) Pour 50 cm of 0.1 mol dm ............................................. into a beaker.
3 -3
2. (Sukat dan ) Masukkan 50 cm larutan ................................................. 0.1 mol dm ke dalam bikar.
3 -3
Add 50 cm of 0.1 mol dm .............................................. into a beaker.
3. Kacau campuran dengan rod kaca / Stir the mixture using glass rod
4. Turas campuran / Filter the mixture
5. Bilas baki turasan dengan air suling/ Rinse the residue with distilled water
6. Keringkan garam di antara dua kertas turas / Dry the salt/residue in between sheet of filter papers to dry

13. a) Formula molekul : C6H12O6

Formula empirik : CH2O
b) Jisim molekul relatif : = 6(12) + 12(1) + 6(16) = 180

11 a) Method I : Magnesium and sulphuric acid 2

Kaedah I : Magnesium dan asid sulfurik
Method II : Magnesium oxide and sulphuric acid
Kaedah II: Magnesium oksida dan asid sulfurik 2 …
4
b) i) Salt X : Copper(II) carbonate 1
Solid Y : Copper(II) oxide 1
Gas Z : Carbon dioxide 1
Chemical test for Gas Z:
1. Flow the gas into lime water 1
2. Lime water turns cloudy 1 …
Garam X : Kuprum(II) karbonat 5
Pepejal Y : Kuprum(II) oksida
Gas Z : Karbon dioksida
Ujian kimia untuk Gas Z:
1. Alirkan gas ke dalam air kapur
2. Air kapur menjadi keruh
ii) Copper(II) nitrate 1
2+
Test for cation (Cu ):
1. Add sodium hydroxide solution 1
2. Blue precipitate formed. 1

-
Test for anion (NO3 )
1. Add sulphuric acid followed by of iron(II) sulphate solution. 1
2. Add slowly and carefully concentrated sulphuric. 1
3. Brown ring is formed. 1 ...
6
Kuprum(II) nitrat
2+
Ujian kation (Cu ):
1. Tambahkan larutan natrium hidroksida.
2. Mendakan biru terbentuk.
-
Ujian anion (NO3 )
1. Tambahkan asid sulfurik cair diikuti dengan larutan ferum(II)sulfat.
2. Tambahkan perlahan-lahan dan berhati-hati asid sulfurik pekat
3. Cincin perang terbentuk.

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Tamat skema permarkahan

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