MODUL 3
BALOK DIATAS DUA PERLETAKAN
Materi Pembelajaran :
1. Balok Diatas Dua Perletakan Memikul Sebuah Muatan Terpusat.
2. Balok Diatas Dua Perletakan Memikul Muatan Terpusat Sembarang.
3. Balok Diatas Dua Perletakan Memikul Muatan Terbagi Rata.
4. Balok Diatas Dua Perletakan Memikul Muatan Segi Tiga.
5. Balok Diatas Dua Perletakan Memikul Muatan Campuran.
WORKSHOP/PELATIHAN
Tujuan Pembelajaran :
Mahasiswa memahami dan mengetahui tentang gaya-gaya dalam dari struktur balok terletak
diatas dua perletakan dengan beban-beban terpusat, beban terbagi rata dan segitiga, dan
mampu melakukan perhitungan gaya-gaya dalam (M,D,N) dan mampu menggambarkannya.
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
a) Soemono, Ir., “STATIKA 1”, Edisi kedua, Cetakan ke-4, Penerbit ITB, Bandung, 1985.
BALOK DIATAS
DUA PERLETAKAN
1. Balok Diatas Dua Perletakan Memikul Sebuah Muatan Terpusat.
P = 10 ton
a=2m b=4m
A B
C
RAV RBV
L=6m
DA-C = + RAV
P
(-)
(+) DB-C = - RBV
(+)
Penyelesaian :
a. Reaksi Perletakan. MC = P.a.b/L
MB = 0, Bidang momen
RAV . L - P . b = 0
RAV = P . b/L
= (10 t) x (4 m)/(6 m)
RAV = + 6,667 ton ()
MA = 0,
- RBV . L + P . a = 0
RBV = P . a/L
= (10 t) x (2 m)/(6 m)
RBV = + 3,333 ton ().
Kontrol :
V = 0,
RAV + RBV – P = 0
6,667 t + 3,333 t - 10 t = 0 …..(memenuhi)
b. Gaya lintang.
DA-C = + RAV = + 6,667 ton.
DC-A = + DA-C = + 6,667 ton.
DC-B = DC-A – P = 6,667 – 10 = - 3,333 ton.
1
DB-C = DC-B = - RBV = - 3,333 ton.
c. M o m e n .
MA = 0
MC = + RAV . a = + 6,667 t x 2 m = + 13,334 ton.m’, atau
MC = P.a.b/L
P3 = 4 t
P2 = 3 t
P1 = 2 t
o
o 60
A 45 B
RAH
C D E
RAV RBV
L=6m
a1 = 1 m b1
a2 = 3 m b2
a3 = 4 m b3
+ 3,883 t
+ 1,883 t
Bid. D
- 0,238 t
- 3,702 t
+ 0,121 t
Bid. N
-2t
+ 3,883 t.m
Bid. M
+ 7,649 t.m
+ 7,411 t.m
Penyelesaian :
a. Reaksi Perletakan.
MB = 0,
RAV . L - P1.(L –a1) – P2 sin 45o.(L – a2) – P3 sin 60o.(L – a3) = 0
RAV = P1.(L – a1)/L + P2 sin 45o.(L – a2)/L + P3 sin 60o.(L – a3)/L
= 2 x (6 - 1)/6 + 3 x ½2 x (6 – 3)/6 + 4 x 0,866 x (6 – 4)/6
= 1,667 + 1,061 + 1,155
RAV = + 3,883 ton ()
MA = 0,
- RBV . L + P1.(a1) + P2 sin 45o.(a2) + P3 sin 60o.(a3) = 0
RBV = P1.(a1)/L + P2 sin 45o.(a2)/L + P3 sin 60o.(a3)/L
= 2 x (1)/6 + 3 x ½2 x (3)/6 + 4 x 0,866 x (4)/6
= 0,333 + 1,061 + 2,309
2
RBV = + 3,703 ton ()
H = 0,
RA-H + P2 cos 45o – P3 cos 60o = 0
RA-H = – P2 cos 45o + P3 cos 60o = – 3 x ½2 + 4 x ½ = – 2,121 + 2
= – 0,121 ton ()
Kontrol :
V = 0,
RAV + RBV – P1 – P2 sin 45o – P3 sin 60o = 0
3,883 t + 3,703 t – 2 t – 2,121 t – 3,464 t = 0
7,586 t – 7,585 t = 0,001 0 …..(memenuhi)
b. Gaya Lintang.
DA-C = + RAV = + 3,883 ton.
DC-D = + RAV – P1 = 3,883 – 2 = + 1,883 ton.
DD-E = + RAV – P1 – P2 sin 45o = 3,883 – 2 – 3 x ½2
= 3,883 – 2 – 2,121 = – 0,238 ton.
DE-B = + RAV – P1 – P2 sin 45o – P2 sin 60o
= 3,883 – 2 – 3 x ½2 – 4 x 0,866 = 3,883 – 2 – 2,121 – 3,464
DE-B = – 3,702 ton.
DE-B = – RBV = – 3,703 ton.
c. Gaya Normal .
NA-D = + RAH = + 0,121 ton (tarik).
ND-E = + RAH – P2 cos 45o = + 0,121 – 3 x ½2 = + 0,121 – 2,121
= – 2 ton (tekan).
NE-B = + RAH – P2 cos 45o – P3 cos 60o = + 0,121 – 2 x ½2 – 4 x ½
= 0,121 – 2,121 – 2
NE-B = 0 ton.
c. M o m e n .
MC = + RAV . a1 = + 3,883 x 1 = + 3,883 ton.m’.
MD = + RAV . a2 – P1 . (a2 – a1) = + 3,883 x 3 – 2 x (3 – 1) = 7,649 t.m’.
ME = + RAV . a3 – P1 . (a3 – a1) – P2 sin 45o . (a3 – a2)
= + 3,883 x 4 – 2 x (4 – 1) – 3 x ½2 x (4 – 3)
= + 15.532 – 6 – 2,121
ME = + 7,411 t.m’.
3
3. Balok Diatas Dua Perletakan Memikul Muatan Terbagi Rata.
q = 3 t/m’
A B
X QR
RAV x RBV
L=6m
Dx -½qL
Bid. D
+½qL
2
+ 1/8 q L
Mx
Bid. M
Penyelesaian :
a. Reaksi Perletakan.
QR = q . L = (3 t/m’) x (6 m) = 18 ton.
MB = 0,
RAV . L - QR . ½ L = 0
RAV = ½ q . L2/L
RAV = ½ q . L …..(1)
= ½ x (3 t/m’).(6 m)
RAV = + 9 ton ()
RBV = RAV = ½ q . L = 9 ton. (simetris)
b. Gaya lintang.
DA-B = + RAV = + 9 ton.
DB-A = + RAV – q . L = - RBV = - 9 ton.
c. M o m e n .
Momen maksimum terjadi ditengah bentang,
Mmaks. = + RAV . ½L – q . ½L . ¼L
= ½ q L . ½L – 1/8 q L2 = ¼ q L2 – 1/8 q L2
Mmaks. = + 1/8 q L2
Mmaks. = + 1/8 x (3 t/m’) x (6 m’)2 = + 13,5 t.m’.
d. Tinjau tampang X.
Momen pada tampang X, dihitung dari kanan kekiri,
Mx = RAV . x – q . x . ½ x
Mx = RAV . x – ½ q x2 …..(2)
4
= ½ q L/q = ½ L = ½ x 6
x = 3 m (ditengah bentang).
Gaya lintang,
Dx = d(Mx)/dx = RAV – q . x …..(5)
5.000
Dx
0.000 X
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0
-5.000
-10.000
A B
M o m e n (ton.m')
2
Mx = 1/2 q L x – 1/2 q x
16.0000
14.0000
12.0000
10.0000
Mx
8.0000
6.0000
4.0000
2.0000
0.0000 X
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0
A B
5
4. Balok Diatas Dua Perletakan Memikul Muatan Segi Tiga.
qx (t/m’)
2/3 x 1/3 x
q = 3 t/m’
A B
QX X QR
RAV RBV
x
2/3 L 1/3 L
L=6m
Penyelesaian :
a. Reaksi Perletakan.
QR = q . ½ L = (3 t/m’) x ½ x (6 m) = 9 ton.
MB = 0,
RAV . L – QR . 1/3 L = 0
RAV = + 1/3 QR = + 1/3 q . ½L
RAV = 1/6 q L
= 1/6 x (3 t/m’)/(6 m)RAV
= + 3 ton ()
MA = 0,
– RBV . L + QR . 2/3 L = 0
RBV = + 2/3 QR = + 2/3 q . ½L
RBV = 1/3 q L
= 1/3 x (3 t/m’)/(6 m)
RBV = + 6 ton ()
Kontrol :
V = 0,
RAV + RBV – QR = 0
3 ton + 6 ton – 9 ton = 0 ……(memenuhi)
b. Gaya lintang.
DA-B = + RAV = + 1/6 q L = + 3 ton.
DB-A = + RAV – QR = 1/6 q L – ½ q L = – 1/3 q L = – RBV = – 6 ton.
c. Tinjau tampang X.
Tampang X terletak sejauh x dari perletakan A, momen pada tampang X, dihitung dari
kanan kekiri,
qx = q . x/L
QX = qx . ½ x = (q . x/L) . ½ x qX (t/m’)
2
= ½ q x /L
Mx = RAV . x – QX . 1/3 x QX
2
= (1/6 q L) . x – (½ q x /L) . 1/3 x 2/3x 1/3x
3 x
Mx = 1/6 q L x – 1/6 q x /L …..(1)
6
Momen maksimum terjadi apabila gaya lintang sama dengan nol,
Dx = d(Mx)/dx = 0
= d(1/6 q L x – 1/6 q x3/L )/dx
Dx = 1/6 q L – ½ q x2/L …..(2)
1/6 q L – ½ q x2/L = 0
x2 = 1/6 q L . 2 L /q
x = (1/3 L2)
x = 1/3 L3 …..(3)
= 1/3 . (6 m) .3
x = 3,464 m (dari perletakan A).
2.000
0.000 X
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0
Dx
-2.000
-4.000
-6.000
-8.000
B
A
7
M o m e n (ton.m')
3
Mx = 1/6 q L x – 1/6 q x /L
8.0000
7.0000
6.0000
5.0000
Mx
4.0000
3.0000
2.0000
1.0000
0.0000 X
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0
A B
P1 = 4 t P2 = 2 t QR
q = 3 t/m’
A C D E B
RAV RBV
1m 1m 1m 3m
L=6m
+ 4,250 t
+ 2,250 t
x
+ 0,250 t
Bid. D
Dx = 0 - 6,750 t
Bid. M
+ 6,750 t.m Mmaks = 7,59375 t.m’
+ 4,500 t.m
Penyelesaian : + 4,250 t.m
a. Reaksi Perletakan.
QR = (3 t/m’) x (3 m) = 9 ton.
MB = 0,
RAV . (6 m) – P1 . (5 m) + P2 . (4 m) – q . (3 m) . ½ .(3 m) = 0
RAV x 6 – 4 x 5 + 2 x 4 – ½ x 3 x 32 = 0
RAV = (20 – 8 + 13,5)/6
RAV = + 4,250 ton ()
MA = 0,
– RBV . (6 m) + P1 . (1 m) – P2 . (2 m) + q . (3 m) . (4,5 m) = 0
– RBV x 6 + 4 x 1 – 2 x 2 + 3 x 3 x 4,5 = 0
RBV = (4 – 4 + 40,5)/6
RBV = + 6,750 ton ()
8
Kontrol :
V = 0,
RAV + RBV – P1 + P2 – QR = 0
4,250 t + 6,750 t – 4 t + 2 t – 9 t = 0
13 t – 13 t = 0 …..(memenuhi)
b. Gaya Lintang.
DA-C = + RAV = + 4,250 ton.
DC-D = DA-C – P1 = + RAV – P1 = 4,250 – 4 = + 0,250 ton.
DD-E = DC-D + P2 = + RAV – P1 + P2
= 0,250 + 2 = + 2,250 ton.
DE-B = DD-E – QR = + RAV – P1 + P2 – QR
= 2,250 – 9 = – 6,750 t.
DE-B = – RBV (memenuhi).
c. M o m e n .
MC = + RAV . (1 m) = + 4,250 x 1 = + 4,250 ton.m’.
MD = + RAV . (2 m) – P1 . (1 m) = + 4,250 x 2 – 4 x 1 = 4,500 t.m’.
ME = + RAV . (3 m) – P1 . (2 m) + P2 . (1 m)
= + 4,250 x 3 – 4 x 2 + 2 x 1 = 6,750 t.m’.
MB = + RAV . (6 m) – P1 . (5 m) + P2 . (4 m) – q . (3 m) . ½ .(3 m)
= + 4,250 x 6 – 4 x 5 + 2 x 4 – 3 x 3 x ½ x 3
= + 25,500 – 20 + 8 – 13,5
MB = 0 t.m’ (memenuhi).
9
WORKSHOP/PELATIHAN
P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
B
A C D E F G
a1 b1
a2 b2
a3 b3
a4 b4
a5 b5
L = 4 + X/2
MA =0
RBV = P1.a1/L + P2.a2/L + P3.a3/L + P4.a4/L + P5.a5/L
= (1 t).(0,7/3,5) + (1,5 t).(1,05/3,5) + (4 t).(2,1/3,5) + (3 t).(2,45/3,5) + (2 t).(2,8/3,5)
= 0,200 t + 0,450 t + 2,400 t + 2,100 t + 1,600 t
RBV = 6,750 ton.
Kontrol :
V = 0,
RAV + RBV – P1 – P2 – P3 – P4 – P5 = 0
4,750 t + 6,750 t – 1 t – 1,5 t – 4 t – 3 t – 2 t = 0
11,5 t – 11,5 t = 0 (memenuhi).
d). Momen.
Perhitungan momen lentur dari kiri ke kanan, diperoleh,
Ma = 0 t.m’.
Mc = + RAV . a1 = + 4,750 t x 0,7 m = + 3,325 t.m’.
Md = + RAV . a2 – P1 . (a2 – a1) = + 4,750 t x 1,05 m – 1 t .(1,05 m – 0,7 m)
= + 4,638 t.m’.
Me = + RAV . a3 – P1 . (a3 – a1) – P2 . (a3 – a2)
= + 4,750 t x 2,1 m – 1 t .(2,1 m – 0,7 m) – 1,5 t .(2,1 m – 1,05 m)
= + 7,000 t.m’.
Mf = + RAV . a4 – P1 . (a4 – a1) – P2 . (a4 – a2) – P3 . (a4 – a3)
= + 4,750 t x 2,45 m – 1 t .(2,45 m – 0,7 m) – 1,5 t .(2,45 m – 1,05 m)
– 4,0 t .(2,45 m – 2,1 m)
= + 6,388 t.m’.
Mg = + RAV . a5 – P1 . (a5 – a1) – P2 . (a5 – a2) – P3 . (a5 – a3) – P4 . (a5 – a4)
= + 4,750 t x 2,8 m – 1 t .(2,8 m – 0,7 m) – 1,5 t .(2,8 m – 1,05 m)
– 4,0 t .(2,8 m – 2,1 m) –3,0 t .(2,8 m – 2,45 m)
= + 4,725 t.m’.
Mb = 0 t.m’.
Keseimbangan mengharuskan,
Ma = Mb = 0
Mc = Mc’ ; Md = Md’ ; Me = Me’ ; Mf = Mf’ ; Mg = Mg’
11
P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
B
A C D E F G
a1 b1
a2 b2
a3 b3
a4 b4
a5 b5
L = 4 + X/2
+ 4,750 t
+ 3,750 t
Bidang gaya +2,250 t
lintang (D)
- 1,750 t
- 4,750 t
- 6,750 t
0 t.m 0 t.m
Bidang
Momen (M)
+ 3,325 t.m
Kunci Jawaban + 4,638 t.m
+ 4,725 t.m
+ 7,000 t.m
No. P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
+ 6,388 t.m
Stb. ton ton ton ton ton
-1 1.000 1.500 4.000 3.000 2.000
0 1.000 1.500 4.000 3.000 2.000
1 1.000 1.500 4.000 3.000 2.000
2 1.000 1.500 4.000 3.000 2.000
3 1.000 1.500 4.000 3.000 2.000
4 1.000 1.500 4.000 3.000 2.000
5 1.000 1.500 4.000 3.000 2.000
6 1.000 1.500 4.000 3.000 2.000
7 1.000 1.500 4.000 3.000 2.000
8 1.000 1.500 4.000 3.000 2.000
9 1.000 1.500 4.000 3.000 2.000
12
No. L a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 b1 b2 b3 b4 b5
Stb. m m m m m m m m m m m
-1 3.500 0.700 1.050 2.100 2.450 2.800 2.800 2.450 1.400 1.050 0.700
0 4.000 0.800 1.200 2.400 2.800 3.200 3.200 2.800 1.600 1.200 0.800
1 4.500 0.900 1.350 2.700 3.150 3.600 3.600 3.150 1.800 1.350 0.900
2 5.000 1.000 1.500 3.000 3.500 4.000 4.000 3.500 2.000 1.500 1.000
3 5.500 1.100 1.650 3.300 3.850 4.400 4.400 3.850 2.200 1.650 1.100
4 6.000 1.200 1.800 3.600 4.200 4.800 4.800 4.200 2.400 1.800 1.200
5 6.500 1.300 1.950 3.900 4.550 5.200 5.200 4.550 2.600 1.950 1.300
6 7.000 1.400 2.100 4.200 4.900 5.600 5.600 4.900 2.800 2.100 1.400
7 7.500 1.500 2.250 4.500 5.250 6.000 6.000 5.250 3.000 2.250 1.500
8 8.000 1.600 2.400 4.800 5.600 6.400 6.400 5.600 3.200 2.400 1.600
9 8.500 1.700 2.550 5.100 5.950 6.800 6.800 5.950 3.400 2.550 1.700
13