DAFTAR ISI

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ........................................................................ i

PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN TULISAN................................................... ii
KATA PENGANTAR ................................................................................. iii
ABSTRACT.................................................................................................. v
ABSTRAK.................................................................................................... vi
DAFTAR ISI................................................................................................. vii
DAFTAR GAMBAR.................................................................................... xi
DAFTAR TABEL........................................................................................ xii
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
1.1 Latar Belakang....................................................................... 1
1.2 Rumusan Masalah.................................................................. 3
1.3 Batasan Masalah..................................................................... 3
1.4 Tujuan dan Manfaat Penelitian.............................................. 4

BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA

2.1 Penelitian Terdahulu.............................................................. 5
2.2 Sirsak dan Pengolahanya........................................................ 6
2.2.1 Tanaman Sirsak ............................................................ 6
2.2.2 Pengolahan Daun Sirsak ............................................... 7
2.3 Proses Pengeringan................................................................ 8
2.3.1 Faktor Yang Mempengruhi Proses Pengeringan........... 8
2.3.2 Klasifikasi Pengeringan................................................. 9
2.3.3 Jenis Alat Pengering...................................................... 10
2.3.4 Mekanisme Pengeringan............................................... 11
2.4 Kadar Air Bahan..................................................................... 12
2.5 Perpindahan Panas.................................................................. 12
2.5.1. Perpindahan Panas Secara Konveksi........................... 13
2.5.1.1 Konveksi Bebas.............................................. 13

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 2.5.1.2 Konveksi Paksa.............................................. 14
2.6 Panas Sensibel......................................................................... 17
2.7 Panas Laten Penguapan........................................................... 18
2.8 Panas Yang Diterima Udara.................................................... 18
2.9 Panas Yang Diterima Material Ruang Pengering .................. 18
2.10 Efisiensi Sistem Pemanasan Pada Alat Pengering.................. 19
2.11 Proses dan Waktu Pemesinan................................................. 19
2.11.1 Mesin Gurdi (Drilling Machine)................................. 20
2.11.2 Mesin Gerinda............................................................. 23
2.11.3 Mesin Bubut............................................................... 23
2.11.4 Las Busur Listrik........................................................ 24
2.11.4.1 Las Elektrode Terbungkus............................ 24
2.12 Kerja Bangku.......................................................................... 25
2.13 Pemilihan Material................................................................. 26
2.13.1 Material Logam........................................................... 26
2.14 Konduktivitas Termal Material.............................................. 27
2.15 Perawatan............................................................................... 28
2.15.1 Tujuan Perawatan........................................................ 28
2.15.2 Tipe Perawatan............................................................ 29
2.16 Biaya Pembuatan dan Harga Jual Alat................................... 30
2.16.1 Biaya Pembuatan Alat Pengering Rotary................... 30
2.16.2 Harga Jual Alat........................................................... 31
2.17 Break Even Point (BEP)......................................................... 32

BAB III METODE PENELITIAN

3.1 Diagram Alir Penelitian.....................................................36
3.2 Penjelasan Diagram Alir........................................................
3.3 Tempat dan Waktu Penelitian................................................ 39
3.4 Daftar Bahan Alat Material dan Komponen.......................40
3.5 Desain Alat.........................................................................43
3.6 Variabel Penelitian.............................................................43

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 3.7 Hipotesis .............................................................................44
3.8 Cara Pengambilan Data......................................................45
3.9 Pengolahan Data.................................................................46

BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN

4.1 Proses Pembuatan .................................................................. 47
4.1.1 Production Routing Sheet ........................................... 47
4.1.2 Operating Plan ........................................................... 52
4.1.3 Perhitungan Bahan Baku ............................................. 62
4.1.4 Proses Waktu Pemesinan.............................................. 63
4.1.4.1 Pengerjaan Cover Silinder Depan.................... 63
4.1.4.2 Pengerjaan Cover Tutup Silinder Belakang..... 65
4.1.4.3 Pengerjaan Corong Input ................................ 68
4.1.4.4 Pengerjaan Tabung Silinder ............................ 70
4.1.4.5 Pengerjaan Sirip Pengaduk............................. 73
4.1.4.6 Pengerjaan Poros............................................. 75
4.2 Biaya Sewa Mesin ............................................................ 79
4.3 Biaya Operator ................................................................. 80
4.4 Perhitungan Biaya Desain ............................................... 81
4.5 Biaya Perakitan ................................................................ 82
4.6 Biaya Transportasi .......................................................... 82
4.7 Perhitungan Over Head Cost .......................................... 82
4.8 Perhitungan Total Pembuatan (Unit) .............................. 82
4.9 Perhitungan Harga Jual ................................................... 83
4.9.1 Volume Produksi ................................................... 83
4.9.2 Biaya Produksi ....................................................... 84
4.9.3 Harga Jual Alat ....................................................... 86
4.10 Analisis Break Even Point .......................................... 87
4.11 Kadar Air ...................................................................... 90
` 4.12 Hasil ............................................................................. 90
4.13 Pembahasan ................................................................. 94

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 4.14 Perawatan Alat Pengering Daun Sirsak Tipe Rotary .. 101
4.14.1 Preventive Maintenance .................................. 101
4.14.2 Corective Maintenance ................................... 102

BAB V PENUTUP
5.1 Kesimpulan .......................................................................... 103
5.2 Saran .................................................................................... 104

DAFTAR PUSTAKA................................................................................... 105

LAMPIRAN.................................................................................................. 106

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 DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1 Pengering Berputar Rotary...........................................11

Gambar 2.2 Mekanisme Konveksi...................................................13
Gambar 2.3 Perpindahan Panas Konveksi Paksa.............................14
Gambar 2.4 Proses Pembendingan .................................................25
Gambar 2.5 BEP (Break Even Point)..............................................35
Gambar 3.1 Diagram Alir Penelitian...............................................36
Gambar 3.2 Desain Alat Pengering Teh Tipe Rotary......................43
Gambar 4.1 Grafik Break Even Point .............................................89
Gambar 4.2 Lokasi Pengukuran Temperatur ..................................93
Gambar 4.3 Grafik Pengaruh Putaran Silinder................................95
Gambar 4.4 Grafik Pengaruh Laju Aliran Udara.............................97
Gambar 4.5 Grafik Nilai Dan Distribusi Temperatur......................98

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 DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 2.1 Kecepatan Potong Cutter HSS Untuk Proses Gurdi21

Tabel 2.2 Kecepatan Potong Pahat HSS Machinary Steel22
Tabel 2.3 Pemakanan Pahat HSS22
Tabel 2.4 Faktor Koreksi 26
Tabel 2.5 Nilai Konduktivitas Termal Material28
Tabel 3.1 Jadwal Kegiatan Penelitian..............................................40
Tabel 3.2 Bahan Untuk Pengambilan Data......................................40
Tabel 3.3 Rincian Alat Ukur Pengambilan Data.............................40
Tabel 3.4 Rincian Material Pembuatan Alat....................................41
Tabel 3.5 Rincian Komponen Pembuatan Alat................................42
Tabel 3.6 Pengambilan Data Penurunan Kadar Air Daun Sirsak....46
Tabel 4.1 Total Waktu Pemesinan...................................................79
Tabel 4.2 Biaya Sewa Mesin...........................................................79
Tabel 4.3 Biaya Pemesinan..............................................................80
Tabel 4.4 Biaya operator..................................................................81
Tabel 4.5 Total Biaya operator........................................................81
Tabel 4.6 Tabel Biaya Pembuatan...................................................83
Tabel 4.7 Biaya Listrik Penggunaan Mesin.....................................85
Tabel 4.8 Total Biaya Produksi.......................................................86
Tabel 4.9 Biaya Tetap (Fixed Cost).................................................88
Tabel 4.10 Biaya Berubah (Variable Cost)......................................88
Tabel 4.11 Data Hasil Pengukuran Penurunan Massa Daun Sirsak . 91
Tabel 4.12 Data Hasil Penurunan Nilai Kadar Air Daun Sirsak .....92
Tabel 4.13 Nilai dan distribusi temperatur ....................................93
Tabel 4.14 Analisis Varians ...........................................................94
Tabel 4.15 Corrective Maintenance .............................................103
Tabel 4.16 SOP Perawatan Alat Pengering Tipe Rotary ...............105

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