DAFTAR ISI

Halaman
HALAMAN JUDUL ............................................................................................. i
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ............................................................................. ii
HALAMAN PERNYATAAN ............................................................................ iii
HALAMAN PERSEMBAHAN ......................................................................... iv
RINGKASAN ....................................................................................................... v
ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................... vi
KATA PENGANTAR ....................................................................................... vii
DAFTAR ISI ....................................................................................................... ix
DAFTAR GAMBAR ........................................................................................... xi
DAFTAR TABEL ........................................................................................... xiv
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN .................................................................................... xvi

BAB I. PENDAHULUAN .................................................................................... 1

1.1. Latar Belakang .................................................................................... 1
1.2. Rumusan dan Batasan Masalah ........................................................... 2
1.3. Maksud dan Tujuan ............................................................................. 2
1.4. Hipotesa ............................................................................................... 3
1.5. Ketersediaan Data ................................................................................ 3
1.6. Metodologi .......................................................................................... 4
1.7. Sistematika Penulisan .......................................................................... 4
BAB II. TINJAUAN UMUM LAPANGAN ....................................................... 6
2.1. Letak Geografis Struktur “Jatiasri” ..................................................... 6
2.2. Geologi Regional Cekungan Jawa Barat Utara ................................... 6
2.1.1. Tektonik dan Struktur Geologi Cekungan Jawa Barat Utara .... 9
2.1.2. Stratigrafi Cekungan Jawa Barat Utara ................................... 11
2.1.3. Sedimentasi Cekungan Jawa Barat Utara ................................ 14
2.3. Petroleum System Cekungan Jawa Barat Utara ................................ 15

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 DAFTAR ISI
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Halaman
BAB III. STUDI PUSTAKA (LITERATURE REVIEW) ................................ 20
BAB IV. TEORI DASAR .................................................................................. 29
4.1. Prinsip Hydraulic Fracturing ............................................................ 29
4.2. Perekahan Batuan .............................................................................. 29
4.3. Perencanaan Hydraulic Fracturing ................................................... 32
4.3.1. Fluida Perekah ......................................................................... 32
4.3.2. Aditif ....................................................................................... 33
4.3.3. Proppant .................................................................................. 35
4.4. Operasi Hydraulic Fracturing ........................................................... 38
4.4.1. Pre-Treatment ......................................................................... 38
4.4.2. Post-Treatment ........................................................................ 43
4.5. Hasil Hydraulic Fracturing ............................................................... 44
4.5.1. Model Geometri Rekahan ....................................................... 44
4.5.2. Productivity Index Ratio .......................................................... 48
4.5.3. Nodal Analysis ......................................................................... 50
4.6. Pertimbangan Redesign Hydraulic Fracturing ................................. 50
4.7. Analisa Keekonomian ....................................................................... 51
4.8. Metodologi Penelitian ....................................................................... 53
BAB V. EVALUASI DAN REDESIGN HYDRAULIC FRACTURING SERTA
ANALISA KEEKONOMIAN ............................................................. 55
5.1. Persiapan Data ................................................................................... 55
5.2. Analisa Perencanaan Hydraulic Fracturing ..................................... 58
5.2.1 Pemilihan Fluida Perekah ......................................................... 58
5.2.2. Pemilihan Proppant ................................................................. 59
5.3. Analisa Operasi Hydraulic Fracturing .............................................. 60
5.3.1. Pre-Treatment ......................................................................... 60
5.3.2. Post-Treatment ........................................................................ 69
5.4. Analisa Hasil Hydraulic Fracturing .................................................. 71
5.4.1. Geometri Rekahan ................................................................... 71
5.4.2. Analisa Produksi ..................................................................... 73
5.5. Redesign Hydraulic Fracturing ......................................................... 76
5.5.1. Sensitivitas Laju Injeksi .......................................................... 77
5.5.2. Sensitivitas Jenis dan Ukuran Proppant .................................. 79
5.5.3. Hasil Redesign ......................................................................... 85

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Halaman
BAB VI. PEMBAHASAN .................................................................................. 90
BAB VII. KESIMPULAN DAN REKOMENDASI ...................................... 100
7.1. Kesimpulan ...................................................................................... 100
7.2. Rekomendasi ................................................................................... 102
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ....................................................................................... 103
DAFTAR SINGKATAN DAN SIMBOL ....................................................... 105
LAMPIRAN ............................................................................................... 108

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 DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar Halaman

2.1. Letak Geografis Struktur Jatiasri ................................................. 7

2.2. Geologi Regional dan Penampang Cekungan Jawa Barat Utara . .8
2.3. Penampang Tektonik Cekungan Jawa Barat Utara ..................... 9
2.4. Struktur Utama Cekungan Jawa Barat Utara ............................. 10
2.5. Kolom Stratigrafi Cekungan Jawa Barat Utara .......................... 12
2.6. Petroleum System Cekungan Jawa Barat Utara ......................... 19
3.1. Pengaruh Fracture Half Length terhadap Biaya ........................ 24
3.2. Pengaruh Fracture Half Length terhadap NPV ......................... 24
3.3. Width Profile pada (a) Kondisi Shut-in (b) Kondisi Closure
untuk 40# Crosslink Gel Frac. Fluid & Northern White
30-50 Proppant .......................................................................... 25
3.4. Volume Proppant untuk 40# Crosslink Gel Frac. Fluid and
Northern White 30-50 Proppant ................................................ 26
3.5. Proppant Coverage untuk 40# Crosslink Gel Frac. Fluid
and Northern White 30-50 Proppant ............................................. 26
3.6. Hasil Simulasi Volume Proppant 3D untuk 40# Crosslink
Gel Frac. Fluid & Northern White 30-50 Proppant .................. 27
3.7. Width Profile pada (a) Kondisi Shut-in (b) Kondisi Closure
untuk 40# Crosslink Gel Frac. Fluid & Badger 100 Mesh
and RC Sand PC 16-30 Proppant .............................................. 27
3.8. Volume Proppant untuk 40# Crosslink Gel Frac. Fluid and
Badger 100 Mesh & RC Sand PC 16-30 Proppant .................... 28
3.9. Proppant Coverage untuk 40# Crosslink Gel Frac. Fluid and
Badger 100 Mesh & RC Sand PC 16-30 Proppant .................... 28

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Gambar Halaman

4.1. Ilustrasi Proses Hydraulic Fracturing ........................................ 30

4.2. Grafik Hubungan Stress vs Strain .............................................. 32
4.3. Contoh Sampel Proppant 20/40 ................................................. 38
4.4. Hubungan Closure Pressure dengan Konduktivitas
Rekahan terhadap Jenis Proppant ............................................. 38
4.5. Hasil Injectivity Test ................................................................... 39
4.6. Proses dan Hasil Analisa Step Up Test ...................................... 40
4.7. Proses dan Hasil Analisa Step Down Test .................................. 41
4.8. Proses Mini Frac Test ................................................................ 42
4.9. Analisa Mini Frac Test ............................................................... 42
4.10. Proses Main Fracturing ............................................................. 45
4.11. Model Geometri PKN ................................................................ 46
4.12. Model Geometri KGD ................................................................ 46
4.13. Geometri Rekahan Model P3D .................................................. 48
4.14. Height Growth Proses Hydraulic Fracturing Model P3D ......... 48
4.15. Grafik Analisa Cinco-Ley, Samaniego, dan Dominiquez .......... 50
4.16. Analisa Nodal Sebelum Perekahan dan Sesudah Perekahan ..... 51
4.17. Metodologi Penelitian ................................................................ 55
5.1. Analisa Well Logging Sumur JST-01 ......................................... 58
5.2. Step Rate Test (1) Sumur JST-01 ............................................... 62
5.3. Step Rate Test (2) Sumur JST-01 ............................................... 62
5.4. Analisa Step Up Test Sumur JST-01 .......................................... 63
5.5. Analisa Step Down Test Sumur JST-01 ..................................... 63
5.6. Mini Frac Test Sumur JST-01 .................................................... 65

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5.7. Analisa Mini Frac Sumur JST-01 .............................................. 65
5.8. Main Fracturing dengan Carbolite 20/40 Sumur JST-01 .......... 71
DAFTAR GAMBAR
(Lanjutan)

Gambar Halaman
5.9. Geometri Rekahan (After Closure) dengan Carbolite
20/40 Sumur JST-01 .................................................................. 72
5.10. Distribusi Konsentrasi Proppant 3D (After Closure)
dengan Carbolite 20/40 Sumur JST-01 ...................................... 73
5.11. Analisa Nodal Sumur JST-01 ..................................................... 76
5.12. Analisa Nodal Hasil Sensitivitas Laju Injeksi Sumur JST-01 . . . 79
5.13. Analisa Keekonomian Hasil Sensitivitas Laju Injeksi Sumur
JST-01 ........................................................................................ 80
5.14. Perbandingan Permeability Retained Hasil Sensitivitas
Proppant Sumur JST-01 ............................................................ 81
5.15. Analisa Nodal Hasil Sensitivitas Proppant Sumur JST-01 ........ 83
5.16. Analisa Keekonomian Hasil Sensitivitas Proppant Sumur
JST-01 ........................................................................................ 84
5.17. Main Fracturing dengan Carbo HSP 16/20 Sumur JST-01 ...... 85
5.18. Geometri Rekahan (After Closure) dengan Carbo HSP
16/20 Sumur JST-01 .................................................................. 86
5.19. Distribusi Konsentrasi Proppant 3D (After Closure) dengan
Carbo HSP 16/20 Sumur JST-01 ............................................... 86
5.20. Analisa Nodal Hasil Redesign Sumur JST-01 ........................... 87

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 DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel Halaman
IV-1. Karakteristrik Jenis Crosslinker ................................................................. 34
V-1. Data Lapangan Struktur Jatiasri .................................................................. 56
V-2. Data Konfigurasi Sumur ............................................................................. 57
V-3. Data Reservoir ............................................................................................ 57
V-4. Data Mekanika Batuan Sumur JST-01 ....................................................... 59
V-5. Data Fluida Perekah .................................................................................... 60
V-6. Data Proppant ............................................................................................. 60
V-7. Data Treating Line dan Packer Sumur JST-01 ........................................... 61
V-8. Hasil Analisa Step Rate Test Sumur JST-01 ............................................... 64
V-9. Hasil Analisa Mini Frac Test Sumur JST-01 ............................................. 66
V-10. Hasil Perhitungan Parameter Operasi Sumur JST-01 ................................ 70
V-11. Treatment Schedule Sumur JST-01 ........................................................... 71
V-12. Hasil Geometri Rekahan After Closure dengan Carbolite 20/40
Sumur JST-01 ............................................................................................. 74
V-13. Data Produksi SumurJST-01........................................................................74
V-14. Batasan Operasi Hydraulic Fracturing Sumur JST-01 ............................. 77
V-15. Data Keekonomian Operasi Hydraulic Fracturing Sumur JST-01 ........... 77
V-16. Sensitivitas Laju Injeksi terhadap Parameter Operasi Sumur JST-01........ 78
V-17. Sensitivitas Laju Injeksi terhadap Geometri Rekahan Sumur JST-01........ 78
V-18. Sensitivitas Laju Injeksi terhadap Parameter Produksi Sumur
JST-01 ......................................................................................................... 79
V-19. Sensitivitas Proppant terhadap Parameter Operasi Sumur JST-01............ 81
V-20. Sensitivitas Proppant terhadap Geometri Rekahan Sumur JST-01 ........... 82
V-21. Sensitivitas Proppant terhadap Parameter Produksi Sumur
JST-01 ......................................................................................................... 82

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V-22. Perbandingan Hasil Geometri Rekahan After Closure Sumur JST-01 ..... 88

DAFTAR TABEL
(Lanjutan)

Tabel Halaman
VI-1. Hasil Analisa Step Rate Test ....................................................................... 90
VI-2. Hasil Analisa Mini Frac Test ...................................................................... 90
VI-3. Hasil Perhitungan Parameter Operasi ......................................................... 91
VI-4. Treatment Schedule Total dan Parameter Operasi ...................................... 91
VI-5. Hasil Geometri Rekahan ............................................................................. 92
VI-6. Hasil Redesign Sumur JST-01 .................................................................... 96
VI-7. Hasil Redesign Sumur JAS-14 .................................................................... 96
VI-8. Hasil Redesign Sumur JAS-02 .................................................................... 97

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 DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

Lampiran Halaman
A. Hasil Interpretasi Well Logging dan Data Mekanika Batuan ..................... 107
B. Analisa Operasi Hydraulic Fracturing Sumur JAS-14 dan Sumur JAS-02 110
C. Analisa Hasil Hydraulic Fracturing Sumur JAS-14 dan Sumur JAS-02 ... 121
D. Geometri Rekahan Hasil Redesign Hydraulic Fracturing ......................... 127
E. Hasil Redesign Hydraulic Fracturing Sumur JAS-14 ................................ 129
F. Hasil Redesign Hydraulic Fracturing Sumur JAS-02 ................................ 139

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