Neraca panas
* Kebutuhan panas = 8234706,726 BTU/jam
* Urnpan pemanas masuk pada shell = 6175574,482 Kg/jam = 13614882,34 Ib/jam
* Umpan fluida dingin masuk pada tube = 1002,2972 Kg/jam = 2209,6986 lb/jam
Koreksi UD :
A’ =Nt x A’ x L
= 30,3812 x 0,1963 ft2/ft x 8 ft
= 47,7106 ft2
UD = q
A’ x ΔT
= 2744902,274 BTU/jam
58,9827ft2 x 266,4717 °F
= 200,0002 BTU/jam.ft .°F
De k
= 200 x 0,085 x 0,21 x 0,0385 1/3
0,02365 0,085
= 354,7914 BTU/jam.ft2 F
Tube wall temperatur, (tw)
tw = tc + ho x (Tc—tc)
hio +ho
= l13+ 354,7914 x (248 – 113)
26,4579 + 354,7914
= 381,3319 °F
Viscositas pada tw = 0,015 cP x 2,4191
= 0,0363 lb/ft hr
Φ shell = μ 0.14
= 0,0385 0,14 = 1,0083
μw 0,0363
Koreksi ho’
ho’ = ho x Φ shell
= 328,1 241 x 1,0083
= 357,7362 BTU/jam.ft2. ˚F
TUBE SIDE
Tc = 199°F
μ = 0,53 cp = 1,2821 lb/ft.hr
Cp = 0,54 BTU/lb.°F
Sg = 1,128
k = 0,345 BTU/jam.ft2. °F/ft
IDtube k
= 38 x 0,345 x 0,54 x 1,282113 1/3
0,0517 0,345
= 312, 5079BTU/jam.ft2.˚F
hio = hi x IDtube
ODtube
= 312,5079 x 0,0517
0,0625
= 258,5066 BTU/ jam.ft2.˚F
μw
= 1,2821 0,14
0,6048
= 1,1109
Koreksi hio’
Hio’ = hio x Φtube
= 258,5066 x 1,1109
= 287,1749 BTU/jam.ft2.˚F
Tabel LB 8. Tabel pressure drop pada shell and tube
PRESSURE DROP
TUBE SIDE SHEEL SlIDE
Harga Retube = 2632,4723 Harga Reshell =64419,193
Dan Fig.26 KERN didapat f = 0,0022 Dan Fig.29 KERN didapat f= 0,0016
Pressure Drop pada Tube (APt) Number of gross (N + 1 )
ΔPt = f x Gt x L x n
2
N+1=12 x L
5,22 x 1010 x IDt x sg x Φt Bmin
ΔPt = 0,0022 x 7755,47482 x 8 x 2 = 12 x 96
5,22 x 1010 x 0,0517 x 1,128 x 5,4
1x1109 = 213,3333
ΔPt = 1,7 psi
Return Pressure Loss (ΔPr) Jum1ah buffle (N) = 203,333 ~ 203
Dari fig.27 KERN didapat harga Pressure Drop pada shell
V = 0,001
2
ΔPs = f x Gs2 x Ds x (N-1)
2g 5,22 x 1010 x De x sg
ΔPr = 4 x n x V2 = 0,0016 x 16218,77102 x 2,25 x 213,3333
Sg x 2g 5,22 x 1010 x 0,0236 x 1
= 4 x 2 x 0,001 = 1,136 psi = 0,0136psi
1,128
ΔP total = ΔPt + ΔPr
= 1,7 + 1,136
= 2,836 psi
Dirt factor, Rd
Rd = Uc – UD
Uc x UD
= 149,5454 – 250,000
149,5454 x 250,000
= 0,00168 hr.ft2.˚F. BTU
Tabel LB.17 Temperatur Fluida Panas dan Dingin Heat Exchanger (HE)
Fluida panas Temperatur fluida Fluida dingin Selisih
(oF) (oF) (oF) (oF)
248 Temperatur tinggi 113 135
113 Temperatur rendah 86 27
135 Selisih 27 108
( )
Btu
0,25 .o lb
lb F x 0,0436 jam
( c xk μ ) .
. ft
1/ 3 1/ 3
= .
0,0143
= 0,2538
(9).
hi
φ
= jH x
k
D
x ( )
c x μ 1/ 3
k
.
Btu
0,0143 . ft . F
= (190) x jam x 0,2538
0,1150 ft
= 5,9974 Btu/jam.ft2.F
φp = 1, sehingga hi = 5,9974 Btu/jam.ft2.F
hio hio ID
(10). = x
φ p φ p OD
1,3800
= 5,9974 x
2,3800
= 3,4775
Annulus : Fluida panas (bubur pektin) dalam pipa (pipe side)
(4). Luas Aliran (ɑa)
D2 = ID/12 = 2,067/12 = 0,1723 ft (Tabel 11, Kern)
D1 = OD/12 = 1,66/12 = 0,1383 ft (Tabel 11, Kern)
2 2
π (D2−D 1)
ɑa =
4
3,14(0,1723 2−0,13832)
=
4
= 0,0083 ft2
2 2
( D 2−D 1)
Dc =
D1
( 0,17232−0,1383 2)
=
0,1723
= 0,0761 ft
(5.) Kecepatan Massa (Ga)
W
Ga =
ɑa
Dimana : W = 2.209,640 lb/jam
2.209,640
ɑa =
0,0083
= 226.221,688 ft2
(6). Pada T = 113oF
µ = 0,8500 cP (Figure 14, Kern)
lb
2,42 . ft
= 0,8500 cP x jam
1 cP
= 2,0570 lb/jam.ft
De . Ga
Ree =
μ
0,761 ft x 4.202 .524,383lb/ jam. ft
=
2,0570
= 1.554.750,149
(7). jH = 900 (Figure 24, Kern)
(8). Pada T = 246oF
C = 0,45 Btu/lboF (Figure 2, Kern)
K = 0,3220 Btu/jam.ftoF (Tabel 4, Kern)
( )
Btu
0,45 .o lb
lb F x 2,0570 jam
( c xk μ ) .
.ft
1/ 3
= .1 /3
0,3220
= 0,9582
(9).
hi
φ
= jH x
k
D
x ( )
c x μ 1/ 3
k
.
Btu
0,3220 . ft . F
= (900) x jam x 0,9582
0,0761 ft
= 3.644,7299 Btu/jam.ft2.F
φp = 1, sehingga hi = 3.644,7299 Btu/jam.ft2.F
(11’). Koefisien Keseluruhan Bersih (Uc)
hio x h
Uc =
0
hio+ h 0
3,4775 x 3.644,7299
=
3,4775+3.644,7299
= 3,4742 Btu/jam.ft2.oF
(12’) kefisien Keseluruhan Desain (UD)
1 1
= + Rd
UD UC
Rd = 0,001
1 1
= + 0,001
U D 3,4742
= 0,288 jam.ft2.oF/Btu
UD = 1/ 0,288 jam.ft2.oF/Btu
= 3,4621 Btu/jam. ft2.oF
(13’) Luas Permukaan yang Dibutuhkan (A)
Q = UD. A.∆t Dimana .∆t = LMTD
Q
A =
UD . ∆ t
Btu
8.234 .706,726
jam
=
(3,4621 Btu
jam )
. ft ( 4,6821 F )
= 11.136.512,623 ft2
Dari tabel 11 untuk 1 ¼ in IPS, luas permukaan luar per ft panjang = 0,4350 ft2/ft
11.136.512,623
Panjang yang dibutuhkan = = 25.601.178,451
0,4350
25.601.178,451
Hairpain = = 640.029,462
2 x 20 ft
Berarti dapat digunakan ½ x 20 ft hairpain dengan panjang totoal adalah = ½ x 2 x 20 ft = 20 ft
(14’). Luas Permukaan Baru (A)
A = 0,4350 ft2/ft x 20 ft
= 8,7000 ft2
Koefisien desain actual (UD) :
Btu
8.234 .706,726
UD = jam
( 8,7000 ft ) ( 4,6821)
= 4.431.691,996 Btu/jam.ft2. oF
Faktor Pengotor, Rd
U D −U
Rd = (Kern, 1959)
C
U D∗U C
Rea = a
μ
0,0341 x 34.880,952
=
2,0570
= 578,2404 (aliran turbulen)
0,264
f = 0,0035 + (Figure 29, kern)
ℜ0,42
a
0,264
= 0,0035 +
(578,2404 ¿ ¿❑042 )¿
= 0,0217
s =1
ρ = 62,5 x 1 = 62,5 lb/ft3
2
(4 f .Ga . L)
=
∆Fa (2 .g. ρ2 . De ' ' )
2
(4 ) (0 ,0217 ) (34 . 880,952) (20 )
=
(2)(4 ,18 X 10 8 ) (62 ,5) (0 ,0341 )
= 1,896
Ga
(3). V = 3,600 ρ
34.880,952
=
3.600 x 62,5
= 0,1550 fps
V2
F1 =3x
2g
0,15502
=3x
2 x 32,2
= 1,1608 ft
( ∆ F a+ F 1 ) ρ
∆Pa =
144
( 1,896+1,1608 ) 62,5
=
144
= 1,326 psia
∆Pa yang diizinkan untuk gas = ≤ 10 psia