5.

Cooler
Fungsi: mendinginkan hasil keluaran reaktor 1 agar sesuai dengan kondisi
umpan reaktor 2

Data:
a. Fluida panas (hasil keluaran reaktor 1)
T in = 106 oC = 379,15 K = 222,8 oF
T out = 72 oC= 345,15 K = 161,6 oF
T average = 106oC + 72 oC
2
= 89 oC
= 362,15 K = 192,2 F
Laju alir massa (m) = 80.641,3522 Kg/Jam = 177.781,925lb/Jam

Laju alir molar (n) = 2.590,62301 Kmol/Jam

b. Fluida dingin
P = 14,7 psi
T in = 28 oC = 301,15 K = 82,4 oF
T out = 50 oC = 323,15 K = 122 oF
T average = 39 oC = 312,15 K = 102,2 oF
Kapasitas panas (ʃ Cp dT) fluida dingin pada T average = 4,1786 kJ/Kg
 Menentukan tipe heater
Tipe heater yang dipilih adalah double pipe heat exchanger (DPHE)
Pertimbangannya: paling umum digunakan untuk area transfer panas untuk A <
200 ft2

 Memilih bahan kontruksi

Bahan untuk annulus: carbon steel SA 283 grade C
Bahan untuk in-pipe: stainless steel SA 167 grade 3
Pertimbangannya: - tahan korosi dan mudah dalam fabrikasi
- paling umum digunakan dan murah
 - proses pada tekanan moderat dan suhu < 900 F

 Perhitungan
 Menghitung panas yang dibuang
T average = 39 o C = 308,15 K
To = 25 o C = 298,15 K
Q in = 20.942.575,59 Kj/Jam

Q out = 9.973.676,74 Kj/Jam

Beban panas = Q in - Q out
= 20.942.575,59 Kj/Jam - 9.973.676,74 Kj/Jam
= 10.968.898,85 Kj/Jam

= 745.096,58 Btu/jam

ʃ Cp dT (T average) = 91,9695 Kj/Kg

 Menghitung kebutuhan air pendingin

m steam = Q (beban panas) / ʃ Cp dT
= 10.968.898,85 Kj/Jam
91,9695 Kj/Kg
= 119.266,678 Kg/Jam

= 262.935,3182 lb/Jam

 Menghitung ΔT LMTD
hot fluid ( F ) cold fluid ( F ) diff.
222,8 higher Temp 122 108
161,6 lower Temp 82,4 79,2
61,2 diff. 39,6 21,6
ΔT LMTD = (ΔT2 – ΔT1) / ln (ΔT2 / ΔT1)
= (108 F – 79,2 F) / ln (108 F / 79,2 F)
= 7,0297 oF
 Menghitung Ta dan ta
Ta = (T1 + T2) / 2
= (222,8 oF + 161,6 oF) / 2
= 192,2 oF
= 89 oC
= 362,15 K

ta = (t1 + t2) / 2
= (122 oF + 82,4 oF) / 2
= 102,2 oF
= 39 oC
= 312,15 K
 Penentuan harga Ud
Viskositas campuran
komponen A B C D
H2SO4 -18,7045 3,5x 103 3,3x 10-2 -1,7 x 10-5
H2O -10,216 1792,5 0,01773 -1,26 x 10-5

Log Visc =A+(B/T)+CT+DT2

komponen wi ui(cP) wi.ui (cP)
H2SO4 0,1584 4,98 0,789
H2O 0,5206 0,315 0,164
Total 0,953
µc = 0,953 cP

Dengan medium organics (0,5cP< μ < 1 cp) sebagai hot fluid dan air sebagai
cold fluid, kisaran Ud = 50 - 125
Diambil harga Ud = 100 Btu/jam.ft2.°F

A = Q / ( Ud x ΔTlmtd )
= 10.968.898,85 Btu/Jam / (100 Btu/jam.ft2.°F x 7,0297 oF)
= 15.603,7325 ft2
 Jenis heater
Jenis: Double Pipe
Tabel 6.1, hal 103, Kern : Standard ukuran double pipe HE
Annulus, IPS = 4 in Inner pipe, IPS = 3 in
OD = 4,5 in OD = 3,5 in
SN = 40 SN = 40
ID = 4,026 in 3,06
flow area/pipe = 12,7 in2 ID = 8 in
External surface = 1,178 ft2/ft flow area/pipe 7,38 in2
External surface 0,91
= 7 ft2/ft

 Dimensi HE
Aliran fluida panas < aliran fluida dingin
 Aliran lebih besar di inner pipe: fluida dingin
m keluaran mixer = 3710,5143 lb/jam
 Aliran lebih kecil di annulus: fluida panas
m steam = 134,2681 lb/jam

 Annulus (Fluida Panas)

 Menghitung flow area
D2 = 4,026 inch = 0,3555 ft
D1 = 3,5inch = 0,2917 ft
Aa = π (D22 - D12)/4
= 3,14 (0,35552 - 0,29172) ft2
= 0,0216 ft2
De = (D22 - D12)/D1 (Kern, Eq 6.3)
= (0,35552 - 0,29172)/ 0,2917
= 0,0943 ft
 Mass Velocity
Ga = m/Aa
= 134,2681 lb/jam / 0,0216 ft2
= 6218,6415 lb/jam. ft2
 Mencari bilangan reynold
Pada Tavg = 302 oF, μ = 0,014 cP = 0,0339 lb/ft.jam (Kern, Fig 14)
Re a = De . Ga / μ
= (0,0943 ft . 6218,6415 lb/jam. ft2) / 0,0339 lb/ft.jam
= 17306,7027

 jh = 60 (Kern, Fig 24)

 Cp = λ / T avg
= 908 Btu/lb / 302 oF
= 3,0088 Btu/lb. oF
k = 0,3958 Btu/jam.Ft. oF
(Cp μ / k )1/3 = (3,0088 Btu/lb. oF . 0,0339 lb/ft.jam / 0,3958 Btu/jam.Ft. oF) 1/3
1 0 ,14
k  Cp.  3   
ho  jH .    
De  k   w 

ho = 160 Btu/jam.ft2. oF
Untuk steam,
hi = ho = hio = 1500 Btu/jam.ft2. oF

 Clean Overall Coefficient

Uc = ( hio × ho ) / ( hio + ho )
= (1500 x 160) / (1500 + 160)
= 144,8132 Btu/jam.ft2. oF

 Design Overall Coefficient (Ud)

 Ud = 120 Btu/jam.ft2. oF
(Ud light organics - steam = 100 – 200)

Luas permukaan per panjang Ao = 1,178 ft2/ft

Panjang hairpin = 5,2925 ft
Panjang efektif = 20 ft (ukuran 12, 15, 20) (Kern)

Σ hair pin = 0,2646 ≈ 1 buah, dipasang seri

Panjang hairpin (required length) = 20 ft
= 6,096 m
Luas permukaan yang tersedia = L total x Ao
= 20 ft x 1,178 ft
= 23,56 ft2
Rd = (Uc - Ud) / (Uc × Ud)
= (144,8132 – 120) / (144,8132 x 120)
= 0,00143

Rd < 0,0005 (Kern, Table 12)

 De’ = D2 – D1
= 0,3355 ft – 0,2917 ft
= 0,0438 ft

 Reynold, Re’ a = De' . Ga / µ

= (0,0438 ft . 6218,6415 lb/jam. ft2) / 0,0339 lb/ft.jam
= 8048,5596

 Faktor friksi

(Kern)
f = 0,00954
 ρ steam = 56,3698 lb/ft3
∆Fa = 4. f .Ga 2 .L
2.g . 2 .De'

∆Fa = 0,00025 ft

V = Ga/(3600 × ρ)
= 6218,6415 lb/jam. ft2 / (3600 x 56,3698 lb/ft3)
= 0,0306 fps

Ft = 3 (V2/2g')
= 3 (0,03062/2x32,2)
= 4,3744 x 10-5 ft

∆Pa = (∆Fa + Ft) × ρ/144

= (0,00025 ft + 4,3744 x 10-5 ft) x 56,3698 lb/ft3 / 144
= 0,000116 psi
∆Pa yang diijinkan = 2 psi

 Inner pipe (Fluida Dingin)

 Menghitung Flow Area
D = 3,068 inch = 0,2557 ft
Ap = π D2/4
= (3,14 . (0,2557 ft)2) / 4
= 0,0513 ft2

 Mass Velocity
Gp = m / Ap
= 3710,5143 lb/jam / 0,0513 ft2
= 72276,3172 lb/jam.ft2
 Mencari Bilangan Reynold
Pada T avg = 138,1176 oF, μ = 0,3091 cP = 0,7477 lb/ft.jam (Kern, Fig 14)
Re p = D . Gp / μ
= (0,2557 . 72276,3172) / 0,7477 = 24715,4239
 jh = 90 (Kern, Fig 24)

 Cp = 11,0111 kJ/kg.K
= 2,63 Btu/lb. oF
k = 0,2726 Btu/jam.Ft. oF
(Cp μ / k )1/3 = (2,63 Btu/lb. oF . 0,7477 lb/ft.jam / 0,2726 Btu/jam.Ft. oF) 1/3
= 1,9322
1 0 ,14
k  Cp.  3   
hi  jH .    
De  k   w 
hi = 185,4083 Btu/Jam.ft2. oF

 (Kern)
hio = 185,4083 Btu/Jam.ft2. oF x (3,068 ft / 3,5 ft)
= 162,5236 Btu/Jam.ft2. oF

 Untuk Re p = 24714,4239
Faktor friksi

F = 0,0073

ρc = 57,0413 lb/ft3
∆Fp = 4. f .Gp 2 .L
2.g . 2 .De'
= 0,00437 ft
V = Gp / (3600 × ρ)
= 72276,3172 lb/jam.ft2 / (3600 x 57,0413 lb/ft3)
= 0,3520 fps

Ft = 3 (V2/2g’)
= 3 (0,35202 / 2 . 32,2)
= 0,00577 ft

∆Pp = ∆Fp × ρ/144

= (0,00437 ft x 57,0413 lb/ft3) / 144
= 0,00173 psi
∆Pp yang diijinkan= 10 psi

SUMMARY

hot fluid fluid cold fluid

1500,0000 ho 162,5236
Uc = 144,8132 Btu/jam.ft^2.F
Ud = 120,0000 Btu/jam.ft^2.F
Rd calc. = 0,00143
Rd req. = 0,0005
0,0001 Calc dP 0,0017
2 Allow. dP 10