2168 41e7

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PENULIS
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Kurikulum 2013 adalah kurikulum berbasis kompetensi. Di dalamnya dirumuskan secara

terpadu kompetensi sikap, pengetahuan dan keterampilan yang harus dikuasai peserta didik serta
rumusan proses pembelajaran dan penilaian yang diperlukan oleh peserta didik untuk mencapai
kompetensi yang diinginkan.
Faktor pendukung terhadap keberhasilan Implementasi Kurikulum 2013 adalah ketersediaan

Buku Siswa dan Buku Guru, sebagai bahan ajar dan sumber belajar yang ditulis dengan mengacu
pada Kurikulum 2013. Buku Siswa ini dirancang dengan menggunakan proses pembelajaran yang
sesuai untuk mencapai kompetensi yang telah dirumuskan dan diukur dengan proses penilaian yang
sesuai.
Sejalan dengan itu, kompetensi keterampilan yang diharapkan dari seorang lulusan SMK
adalah kemampuan pikir dan tindak yang efektif dan kreatif dalam ranah abstrak dan konkret.
Kompetensi itu dirancang untuk dicapai melalui proses pembelajaran berbasis penemuan (discovery
learning) melalui kegiatan-kegiatan berbentuk tugas (project based learning), dan penyelesaian
masalah (problem solving based learning) yang mencakup proses mengamati, menanya,
mengumpulkan informasi, mengasosiasi, dan mengomunikasikan. Khusus untuk SMK ditambah
dengan kemampuan mencipta .
Sebagaimana lazimnya buku teks pembelajaran yang mengacu pada kurikulum berbasis
kompetensi, buku ini memuat rencana pembelajaran berbasis aktivitas. Buku ini memuat urutan
pembelajaran yang dinyatakan dalam kegiatan-kegiatan yang harus dilakukan peserta didik. Buku ini
mengarahkan hal-hal yang harus dilakukan peserta didik bersama guru dan teman sekelasnya untuk
mencapai kompetensi tertentu; bukan buku yang materinya hanya dibaca, diisi, atau dihafal.
Buku ini merupakan penjabaran hal-hal yang harus dilakukan peserta didik untuk mencapai
kompetensi yang diharapkan. Sesuai dengan pendekatan kurikulum 2013, peserta didik diajak berani
untuk mencari sumber belajar lain yang tersedia dan terbentang luas di sekitarnya. Buku ini
merupakan edisi ke-1. Oleh sebab itu buku ini perlu terus menerus dilakukan perbaikan dan
penyempurnaan.
Kritik, saran, dan masukan untuk perbaikan dan penyempurnaan pada edisi berikutnya sangat
kami harapkan; sekaligus, akan terus memperkaya kualitas penyajian buku ajar ini. Atas kontribusi
itu, kami ucapkan terima kasih. Tak lupa kami mengucapkan terima kasih kepada kontributor naskah,
editor isi, dan editor bahasa atas kerjasamanya. Mudah-mudahan, kita dapat memberikan yang
terbaik bagi kemajuan dunia pendidikan menengah kejuruan dalam rangka mempersiapkan generasi
seratus tahun Indonesia Merdeka (2045).
Jakarta, Januari 2014
Direktur Pembinaan SMK
iv
Diunduh dari BSE.Mahoni.com
Drs. M. Mustaghfirin Amin, MBA
'$)7$5,6,
DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................... v

BAB 1 ............................................................................................................ 1
Prinsip-prinsip Sistem Hidrolik ................................................................... 1
A. Deskripsi .......................................................................................... 1
B. Tujuan Pembelajaran ...................................................................... 2
C. Uraian Materi ................................................................................... 2
1. ILMU HIDROLIK ............................................................................ 2
2. SIFAT ZAT CAIR ........................................................................... 4
3. TUJUAN MENGGUNAKAN ZAT CAIR......................................... 9
4. TENAGA FLUIDA ....................................................................... 10
5. KEUNGGULAN TENAGA PADA ZAT CAIR .............................. 15
6. TEKANAN ................................................................................... 17
7. Tekanan Atmosfir ...................................................................... 24
8. ALIRAN ....................................................................................... 28
9. HUBUNGAN ANTARA TEKANAN DAN ALIRAN ...................... 31
10. Pressure Drop ............................................................................ 31
11. Hukum Bernouli ......................................................................... 34
12. Ringkasan tentang beberapa prinsip dasar Hydraulic ........... 35
13. SIRKUIT SERI DAN PARALEL .................................................. 35
14. BAGAIMANA SISTEM HIDROLIK BEKERJA ............................ 37
A. Rangkuman ................................................................................... 38
B. Evaluasi ......................................................................................... 39
15. EVALUASI DIRI .......................................................................... 40
16. REVIEW....................................................................................... 40
v
17. PENERAPAN .............................................................................. 41
BAB 2 .......................................................................................................... 44
K3 Sistem Hidrolik ..................................................................................... 44
A. Deskripsi ........................................................................................ 44
B. Tujuan Pembelajaran .................................................................... 44
C. Uraian Materi ................................................................................. 45
1. FAKTOR TENTANG CAIRAN YANG DIBERI TEKANAN .......... 45
2. FAKTOR TENTANG ALAT DENGAN UDARA BERTEKANAN . 55
3. FAKTOR TENTANG KOMPONEN DALAM SISTEM ................. 58
4. FAKTOR TENTANG PELAKSANAAN PEKERJAAN ................ 61
5. BAHAYA OLI HIDROLIK ............................................................ 67
C. Rangkuman ................................................................................... 83
D. Evaluasi ......................................................................................... 84
D. EVALUASI DIRI .............................................................................. 84
E. REVIEW .......................................................................................... 85
F. PENERAPAN ..................................................................................... 85
BAB 3 .......................................................................................................... 86
Komponen dan Sirkuit Hidrolik................................................................. 86
A. Uraian Materi ................................................................................. 86
B. Tujuan Pembelajaran .................................................................... 86
C. Uraian Materi ................................................................................. 87
1. SIRKUIT HIDROLIK ALAT BERAT ............................................ 87
2. Graphic Symbol ......................................................................... 88
3. Membaca Rangkaian Hidrolik Sederhana .............................. 113
4. Aplikasi dan Instalasi Suatu Sistem Hidrolik ........................ 114
5. KOMPONEN-KOMPONEN HIDROLIK ALAT BERAT ............. 115
E. Rangkuman ................................................................................. 176
F. Evaluasi ........................................................................................... 177
D. EVALUASI DIRI ............................................................................ 177
E. REVIEW ........................................................................................ 178
vi
F. PENERAPAN ................................................................................... 178
BAB 4 HOSE, COUPLING AND FITTING ................................................. 179
G. Deskripsi ...................................................................................... 180
H. Tujuan Pembelajaran .................................................................. 181
I. Uraian Materi................................................................................... 181
1. Safety ........................................................................................ 183
2. Contamination Control ............................................................ 186
3. Karacteristik Hose and Fitting Hydraulic ............................... 213
4. Metode-metode identifikasi hose ........................................... 225
5. Hose-Hose ................................................................................ 229
BAB 5 Hidraulic Oil .................................................................................. 239
J. Deskripsi ......................................................................................... 240
K. Uraian Materi ............................................................................... 241
6. Fungsi Hydraulic Oil ................................................................ 241
7. Tipe Hydraulic Oil .................................................................... 253
BAB 4 ........................................................................................................ 256
Cara Kerja Power train System ............................................................... 256
A. Deskripsi ...................................................................................... 256
B. Tujuan Pembelajaran .................................................................. 256
C. Uraian Materi ............................................................................... 257
1. Definisi Power train ................................................................. 257
2. Fungsi Power Train ................................................................. 258
3. Komponen Mechanical Power Train ...................................... 259
L. Rangkuman ..................................................................................... 266
M. Evaluasi ....................................................................................... 268
BAB 5 ........................................................................................................ 269
Cara Kerja Drive Line Assembly ............................................................. 269
A. Deskripsi ...................................................................................... 269
B. Tujuan Pembelajaran ................................................................. 270
C. Uraian Materi ............................................................................... 270
vii
1. Fungsi Driveshaft .................................................................... 270
2. Two Joint and Shaft Assembly (Driveshaft) .......................... 272
3. Permanent Joint and Shaft Assembly (Center Bearing Shaft)
273
4. Short-coupled Joint Assembly ............................................... 276
5. Prinsip Kerja Universal Joint .................................................. 276
6. Konstruksi Universal joint ...................................................... 278
7. DRIVESHAFT PHASING........................................................... 287
N. Rangkuman ................................................................................. 316
O. Evaluasi ....................................................................................... 319
BAB 6 ........................................................................................................ 320
Cara Kerja Torque Converter .................................................................. 320
A. Deskripsi ...................................................................................... 320
C. Uraian Materi ............................................................................... 321
1. FUNGSI TORQUE CONVERTER ............................................. 321
2. KOMPONEN-KOMPONEN TORQUE CONVERTER ................ 321
3. CARA KERJA STANDARD TORQUE CONVERTER .............. 323
4. PENGEMBANGAN TORQUE CONVERTER ............................ 324
P. Rangkuman ................................................................................. 337
Q. Evaluasi ....................................................................................... 338
BAB 7 ........................................................................................................ 340
Cara Kerja Differential ............................................................................. 340
A. Deskripsi ...................................................................................... 340
C. Uraian Materi ............................................................................... 341
1. STANDARD DIFFERENTIAL .................................................... 341
2. Gearing Amboid ....................................................................... 348
3. PENGOPERASIAN DIFFERENTIAL STANDAR ...................... 350
R. Rangkuman ................................................................................. 353
S. Evaluasi ....................................................................................... 354
viii
BAB 8 ........................................................................................................ 356
Final Drive Assymbly ............................................................................... 356
A. Deskripsi ...................................................................................... 356
C. Uraian Materi ............................................................................... 357
1. PLANETARY FINAL DRIVE ..................................................... 357
2. PINION AND BULL GEAR FINAL DRIVE ................................ 363
T. Rangkuman ..................................................................................... 366
U. Evaluasi ....................................................................................... 367
3. EVALUASI DIRI ........................................................................ 367
4. REVIEW..................................................................................... 368
5. PENERAPAN ............................................................................ 368
BAB 9 ........................................................................................................ 369
Perawatan Powertrain System (Differential) .......................................... 369
A. Deskripsi ...................................................................................... 369
C. Uraian Materi ............................................................................... 370
1. ANALISA KERUSAKAN PADA DRIVE AXLE ......................... 370
2. JENIS-JENIS KERUSAKAN ..................................................... 371
3. PERBAIKAN DIFFERENTIAL ................................................... 377
4. ADJUSTMENT DIFFERENTIAL ............................................... 395
V. Rangkuman ................................................................................. 413
W. Evaluasi ....................................................................................... 414
5. EVALUASI DIRI ........................................................................ 414
6. REVIEW..................................................................................... 415
7. PENERAPAN ............................................................................ 415
BAB 10 ...................................................................................................... 417
Teknikal Analisis Pada Power Train ....................................................... 417
A. Deskripsi ...................................................................................... 417
ix
C. Uraian Materi ............................................................................... 418
1. MASALAH PADA FINAL DRIVE .............................................. 418
2. DIFFERENTIAL ......................................................................... 419
3. FINAL DRIVE ............................................................................ 422
X. Rangkuman ................................................................................. 425
Y. Evaluasi ....................................................................................... 426
BAB 11 ...................................................................................................... 429
Undercarriage System ............................................................................. 429
A. Diskripsi ....................................................................................... 429
C. Uraian Materi ............................................................................... 429
1. Tipe Undercarriage .................................................................. 429
2. Komponen Utama Undercarriage ........................................... 432
Z. Rangkuman ..................................................................................... 445
AA. Evaluasi ....................................................................................... 446
DAFTAR PUSTAKA .................................................................................. 448
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7. Pemasangan hose sebelah kiri salah di

karenakan tidak di clam bagian tengah
hose, ini akan mengakibatkan hose
tersentak dan bergerak bila mendapat
beban yang tinggi.
8.Pemasangan hose sebelah kiri juga

sama tidak di clam hose bias bergerak
dan membentur kesana kemari, bias
mengakibatkan kebocoran.
9. Pemasangan hose sebelah kiri banya

hose yang terbelit ini sangat bahaya, juga
banyak hose yang memiliki hose bending
radius yang kecil bias mengakibatkan
aliran turbulen. Aliran turbulen sangat
219
tidak diharapkan di system hidrolik karena dapat menyebabkan timbulnya buih/bubble.
Selain dapat mengurangi ketahanan oli juga bisa menyebabkan kavitasi pada oil pump
karena letusan-letusan gelembung udara/bubble saat mengenai oil pump.
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Letter
API Service Oil Description
Designation
Untuk mesin bensin dan diesel
SA Oli tanpa additive.
(tiada lagi)
SB Untuk mesin bensin (tiada lagi) Some antioxidant and antiscuff properties.
Untuk mesin bensin tahun 1964 Sesuai standar pabrik kendaraan produksi
SC
(tiada lagi) tahun 1964-67.
SD
SE
247
SF
SG
SH
Sesuai standar pabrik kendaraan produksi
SJ Untuk mesin bensin tahun 1997
tahun 1997-2000.
Sesuai standar pabrik kendaraan produksi
SL Untuk mesin bensin tahun 2001
tahun 2001-2004.
Sesuai standar pabrik kendaraan Produksi
SM Untuk mesin bensin tahun 2004
tahun 2004 dst.
Letter
API Service Oil Description
Designation
Untuk mesin ringan dengan bahan bakar Sesuai standar Military MIL-L-2104A
CA
kualitas tinggi (tiada lagi) (1954).
Untuk mesin dengan bahan bakar Sesuai standar Military MIL-L-2104A,
CB kualitas lebih rendah. (tiada lagi) namun diuji dengan bahan bakar ber
sulphur tinggi.
Untuk mesin Diesel dan mesin bensin Sesuai standar Military MIL-L-2104B
CC
(tiada lagi) (1964).
Untuk mesin Diesel (tiada lagi). Sesuai standar MILL-L-2104C dan
CD
standar Caterpillar Series 3.
Untuk mesin diesel 2-stroke cycle (tiada Sesuai standar API CD, dan standar
CD-II
lagi) Detroit Diesel 6V53T.
untuk mesin Diesel Turbo-charged Super- Sesuai standar untuk API CD, Mack E0-
CE charged heavy-duty Produksi sejak K/2 & Cummins NTC-400
tahun 1983 (tiada lagi)
Untuk mesin diesel Off-road Indirect Mampu mengontrol secara efektif
injected dan mesin diesel lainnya piston deposits, keausan dan korosi di
CF termasuk yang menggunakan bahan mesin diesel turbocharged/
bakar mengandung sulphur (>0,5%) supercharged. Dapat digunakan untuk
mengganti oli API CD
Untuk mesin diesel 2-stroke cycle Sesuai standar mesin diesel duty two-
stroke cycle tahu 1994 dengan
CF-2 efektifitas yang tinggi untuk mengontrol
kotoran dan keausan. Dapat
menggantikan oli API CD-II
Untuk mesin diesel 4-stroke cycle Sesuai standar spec. Caterpillar 1-K
CF-4 turbocharged, khususnya model terbaru juga Mack EO-K/2 dan Cummins NTC-
(sejak 1988) 400.
Untuk mesin diesel 4-stroke cycle tahun Mampu secara efektif mengontrol
1995 menggunakan bahan bakar kotoran pada piston akibat panas
mengandung sulphur rendah <0.05%> tinggi, keausan, korosi, gelembung
CG-4
udara, oksidasi dan akumulasi jelaga.
Dapat menggantikan API CD, CE dan
CF-4.
Untuk mesin diesel 4-stroke cycle Mampu secara efektif mengontrol
CH-4 kecepatan tinggi, dirancang untuk kotoran pada piston akibat panas
standar emisi mesin tahun 1998, tinggi, keausan, korosi, gelembung
248
menggunakan bahan bakar sulphur udara, oksidasi dan akumulasi Jelaga.
rendah (<0,05%> Dapat menggantikan API CD,CE, CF-4
dan CG-4
Menunjukkan performa yang jauh Menunjukkan performa yang jauh
melebihi API CH-4. Untuk mesin diesel 4- melebihi API CH-4, dalam hal
stroke cycle kecepatan tinggi, mengontrol viskositas, akumulasi jelaga,
digunakan di jalan raya dan off-road oksidasi dan kotoran pada piston.
menggunakan bahan bakar ber sulphur Dapat menggantikan API CD, CE, CF-4,
CI-4 (CI-4
rendah, kurang dari 0.05%. Dirancang CG-4 dan CH-4. Beberapa oli CI-4 juga
Plus)
untuk memenuhi standar emisi mesin lulus uji API CI-4 Plus yang memiliki
kendaraan tahun 2002 dan kemampuan lebih baik didalam
meningkatkan kekuatan mesin melindungi mesin dari ke-aus-an,
memanfaatkan *Exhaust Gas mengatasi jelaga dan panas.
Recirculation (EGR)
Untuk mesin diesel 4-stroke cycle Oli yang dirancang untuk API CJ-4 ini
kecepatan tinggi produksi tahun 2007 telah diproduksi oleh Petro-Canada
dan memenuhi standar emisi termasuk dan juga dapat menggantikan API,
model produksi tahun sebelumnya. Oli ini CD, CE, CF-4, CG-4, CH-4 and CI-4 / CI-
cocok dipergunakan untuk segala mesin 4 Plus.
diesel dengan bahan bakar yang
CJ-4 mengandung sulphur lebih dari 500 ppm
(0.05% by weight). Kategori baru ini
dirancang untuk memenuhi peraturan
emisi terbaru yang ramah lingkungan
dan meningkatkan kekuatan mesin
memanfaatkan *Exhaust Gas
Recirculation (EGR).
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Kurikulum 2013 adalah kurikulum berbasis kompetensi. Di dalamnya dirumuskan secara

Faktor pendukung terhadap keberhasilan Implementasi Kurikulum 2013 adalah ketersediaan

Jakarta, Januari 2014

Direktur Pembinaan SMK

Drs. M. Mustaghfirin Amin, MBA

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