Concord terdiri dari tiga prinsip:

1. Grammatical Concord
Sebuah kata kerja harus sesuai dengan subjeknya. Kata kerja tunggal harus
mengikuti subjek tunggal; dan kata kerja jamak harus mengikuti subjek
jamak.
Contoh:
a) The car is parking there. (tunggal – tunggal)
b) The cars are parking there. (jamak – jamak)
Untuk subjek-subjek tunggal yang diikuti kata seperti: with, together with, as
well as, accompanied by tetap diikuti oleh kata kerja tunggal. Dengan kata
lain, kata kerja yang digunakan mengacu pada subjek utamanya, bukan kata
atau frase yang mengikutinya, walaupun kata atau frase itu mengindikasikan
bentuk jamak.

Contoh:
a) My sister, together with her friends, is here.
b) The teacher, accompanied by the students, has arrived.
c) The leader, as well as his staff, is diligent.
Jika subjek berupa sebuah frase kata benda, kata kerja yang digunakan
tergantung pada subjek utamanya.
Contoh:
a) The change in female attitudes is most obvious in industry.
b) The changes in female attitudes are most obvious in industry.
Sebuah klausa yang berperan sebagai subjek termasuk tunggal.
Contoh:
a) That she was angry really bothers me.
b) Smoking cigarettes is dangerous to your health.
c) To err is human.
d) For students to hand in papers is always a good idea.
e) That they should all hand in papers and that the papers should all be so
good was a big surprise.
f) What I like most about the house is that it’s warm.

2. Notional Concord
Merupakan kesesuaian antara subjek dan kata kerja yang mengacu pada
penanda jumlah terterntu.
Contoh:
a) Collective nouns (merupakan sebuah kata benda yang berupa kelompok
atau grup yang mengacu pada satu kesatuan utuh. Kata benda semacam ini
merupakan bentuk tunggal sehingga menggunakan kata kerja tunggal pula.
The committee is having a meeting.
The committee consists of seven members.
The audience is enjoying the show.
The public has to be served.
b) Akan tetapi, jika bagian yang membentuk kelompok atau grup tersebut
dianggap jamak maka kata kerja yang digunakan juga jamak.
The committee is finding it dificult to reach a decision.
Her family is coming to dinner.
The public has requested a no litter policy on the streets.
c) Kata-kata benda, seperti people, police, clergy, cattle diang-gap jamak
sehingga harus menggunakan kata kerja jamak.
The people take what they can get.
The cattle are eating.
The police are very muscular.

3. Principle of Proximity
Merupakan kesesuaian antara kata kerja dengan kata benda terdekatnya.
Contoh:
a) No one except his own supporters agree with him.
b) One in ten take drugs.
c) More than one person has refused.
Ukuran atau satuan angka tertentu (desimal, persentase, fraksi) Contoh:
a) Three milligrams of calcium nitrate was administered.
b) A quarter of the vines were destroyed in the fire.
c) Half of the sand was wet.
Either …. or ; neither ….. nor Contoh:
a) Either the students or the parents are going on the trip.
b) Either the students or the teacher is going to be there.
c) Either the teacher or the students are going to be there.
d) Neither John nor Mary has to do it.
e) Neither John nor the girls have to do it.
Beberapa Poin Tambahan Perihal Concord: Nominalised adjectives as
subjects:
a) Adjektif non-personal abstrak tunggal
Contoh:
The exotic fascinates me.
b) Adjektif berupa nasionalitas (kebangsaan) g jamak Contoh:
The Dutch are widely expected to be the first to try.
c) Adjektif personal g jamak Contoh:
The poor have suffered the most.

Coordinated subjects:
Koordinasi dengan and jamak Contoh:
a) John and Mary have gone to town.
b) Bread and butter are on my shopping list.
(Bread and butter – terindikasi sebagai dua benda yang ter-pisah.)
Koordinasi dengan and g tunggal (karena dua benda yang me-nempati subjek
merupakan satu kesatuan yang tidak terpisah) Contoh:
a) Soup and garlic bread sounds delicious.
b) Steak and potato is his favorite food.
c) Bread and jam is a simple snack.
Coordinative apposition
Dua subjek atau lebih yang dihubungkan dengan kata yang mengacu pada
orang/sesuatu yang sama/menjadi bagian dari kata benda pertamanya, kata
kerjanya berupa tunggal. Contoh:
a) His father and supporter was there to support him.
b) The President and General in Chief of the Air Forces has arrived.
c) His son and heir was not interested in the business. (Same person)
Quasi-coordinators
Preposisi kompleks, seperti: as well as; along with; unlike; rather than
menggunakan kata kerja tunggal.
Contoh:
a) The teacher, as well as the students, was very tired.
b) The prime minister, along with a number of his advisers, is still skeptical of
the plan.
c) The prime minister, unlike his advisers, is still skeptical of the plan.
Indefinite expressions as subject
Kata benda yang tidak dapat dihitung menggunakan kata kerja tunggal.
Contoh:
a) Some of the water has leaked out.
b) The soup is very tasty.
c) Some of the sand has been carried.
Kata benda yang dapat dihitung dan jamak harus mengguna-kan kata kerja
jamak.
Contoh:
a) Some of the books have been sold out.
b) Some of the bicycles are here.
c) The games are very challenging.
Inde?nite pronouns
Everyone, everybody, nobody, dan somebody menggunakan kata kerja
tunggal.
Contoh:
a) Everybody knows him well.
b) Nobody is perfect
c) Somebody has phoned me.
A number menggunakan kata kerja jamak (a number mengindi-kasikan banyak
benda).
Contoh:
a) A number of problems have been solved.
b) A number of cases have been reported.
c) A number of people have attended the party.
The number menggunakan kata kerja tunggal (the number mengacu pada satu
hal yang spesifik).
Contoh:
a) The number of problems has decreased.
b) The number of cases has been on the decline.
c) The number of cases has increased sharply.
A total menggunakan kata kerja jamak. Contoh:
a) A total of ?fteen kids were at the show.
b) A total of ten cats are in their cages.
c) A total of twenty students have passed the examination.
The total menggunakan kata kerja tunggal. Contoh:
a) The total number of kids is ?fteen.
b) The total number of students in the class is not known.
c) The total number of lions has increased.
Couple menggunakan kata kerja jamak jika mengacu pada orang dan benda.
Contoh:
a) The couple are having dinner together at the restaurant.
b) A new couple have been selected.
Couple menggunakan kata kerja tunggal jika mengacu pada satuan waktu.
Contoh:
a) A couple of minutes is very short.
b) A couple of hours is too long for me.
c) A couple of seconds is not enough to ?nish this job.
A pair menggunakan kata kerja tunggal dan jamak. Contoh:
a) A pair of trousers is nice. (tunggal)
b) A pair of trousers are nice. (jamak)
c) A pair of scissors are sharp.?(selalu dalam bentuk jamak)
Penggunaan kata-kata tertentu dalam Concord:
Majority dan minority
Majority dan minority merupakan kata tunggal, namun mengacu pada
sejumlah orang atau benda sehingga menggunakan kata kerja jamak.
Contoh:
a) The majority of employees have been given their salary.
b) A minority of people have voted against the violence.
c) A minority of students are willing to pay more.
Data
Secara arti data termasuk kata benda jamak, namun dianggap
mengindikasikan sebuah kata benda kolektif tunggal sehingga data
menggunakan kata kerja tunggal.
Contoh:
a) The data is very valid.
b) All the data is available.
c) All the data has been kept well.
Graffiti
Graffiti mengacu pada benda jamak sehingga menggunakan kata kerja jamak.
Contoh:
a) The graffiti on the bus are difficult to remove.
b) The graffiti at the wall are interesting.
c) The graffiti have been removed.
Many a …
Many a... selalu diikuti oleh kata kerja tunggal. Contoh:
a) Many a person puts up with hard life.
b) Many a woman is able to survive.
Every, each, everybody, neither, dan either menggunakan kata kerja tunggal.
Contoh:
a) Every student in the class is present.
b) Everybody enjoys the show.
c) Each of the boys has received the prize.
d) Either solution is possible.
e) Neither answer is correct.
Both
Both bermakna dua benda atau dua orang. Contoh:
a) I love both cats and rabbits.
b) Both the books are expensive.
c) His parents are both dead.
Both dapat bermakna each. Contoh:
a) She has houses in both London and Madrid.
b) There is a restaurant on both sides of the street.

Amounts dan measurements

Jumlah dan ukuran menggunakan kata kerja tunggal. Contoh:
a) Ten minutes is all I can give you.
b) Five years is a long time.
c) Ten miles is far to walk.
One and a half
One and a half meski diikuti oleh kata benda jamak, namun menggunakan
kata kerja tunggal.
Contoh:
a) One and half litres is all that’s left.
b) One and half months is long enough.
c) One and half weeks is not enough.
Names dan titles
Nama dan gelar menggunakan kata kerja tunggal. Contoh:
a) The United Nations has its headquarters in New York.
b) The United States is a superpower country.
c) Is Sons and Lovers still on the syllabus?
Nama dan gelar menggunakan kata kerja jamak. Contoh:
a) The Smiths are coming round tonight.
b) The Bulls won the game against Phoenix.
There menggunakan kata kerja yang sesuai dengan subjek yang sebenarnya.
Contoh:
a) There is an orange tree in my garden.
b) There are orange trees in my garden.
c) There is a little girl in your house.
Berikut ini kata-kata yang memiliki akhiran penanda jamak, namun bermakna
tunggal.
Games: draughts, billiards, dan bowls. Contoh:
a) Billiards is my favorite game.
b) Bowling is a game mostly played by older people
Diseases: measles, mumps, rabies. Contoh:
a) Rabies is a dangerous viral disease.
b) Mumps has become an epidemic.
c) Measles attacks many children.
Berikut kata-kata yang memiliki akhiran penanda jamak yang diikuti kata
kerja tunggal dan jamak.
Economics Contoh:
a) Economics provides a solution to a political problem. (Economics dalam
kalimat ini bermakna sebagai sebuah teori keilmuan yang mengacu pada
subjek akademik/ pelajaran dan memiliki kedudukan tunggal).
b) The economics of running a business are complicated. (Economics dalam
kalimat ini bermakna sebagai bemacam kegiatan ekonomi yang mengacu
pada bentuk jamak).
Ethics Contoh:
a) Ethics has been learned since a long time ago. (Ethics dalam kalimat ini
bermakna sebagai salah satu cabang ilmu ?loso? yang mengacu pada bentuk
tunggal).
b) Their ethics are di?erent from ours. (Ethics dalam kalimat ini bermakna
banyak macam/segi yang mengacu pada ben-tuk jamak).
Politics Contoh:
a) Politics is an uncertain business. (Politics dalam kalimat ini memiliki
konteks tunggal).
b) What are her politics? (Politics dalam kalimat ini mengacu pada bermacam
partai atau kebijakan yang bersifat politis yang memiliki konteks jamak).
Acoustics Contoh:
a) Acoustics is her favorite subject. (acoustics dalam kalimat ini mengacu
pada suatu ilmu yang memiliki konteks tunggal)
b) The acoustics of the new school hall are nice. (acoustics dalam kalimat ini
mengacu pada suatu kualitas keadaan sesuatu yang memiliki konteks jamak).