UNIT 2

PASSIVE VOICE

A. Pengertian

 Voice dalam konteks Passive Voice artinya Verb (kata kerja). Ada dua jenis kata kerja yang
bersifat aktif ( Active Voice ) dan kata kerja yang bersifat pasif ( Passive Voice ).

 Kalimat aktif / Aktive Voice adalah kalimat yang doer/ agent atau pelaku atau yang
melakukan pekerjaan berada di posisi subjek. Pola kalimatnya : S + V + ( O + adverb ). S
( Subjek ) sebagai pelaku, dan V ( Verb ) bermakna ber... atau me...Disebut kalimat aktif
karena pelakunya berada di posisi subjek dan objeknya dikenai pekerjaan.

Contoh : Rani puts an apple on the table

 Kalimat pasif / Passive Voice adalah kalimat yang doer/ agent atau pelaku berada di posisi
objek dan secara grammatical diawali oleh preposisi by yang artinya oleh.

Contoh : An apple is put by Rani on the table

 Passive Voice sangat erat kaitannya dengan Tenses, , karena kalimat Passive Voice mengikuti
bentuk tensesnya.

 Konsep Dasar Passive Voice adalah Be + V3

The Simple Present Tense

Active : S + V(s/es) + O

Passive : S + am/is/are + V3 + by + O
Example : She reads books every day.
Books are read (by her) every day.

 Syarat-syarat membentuk kalimat Passive Voice :

1. Kalimat Verbalkalimat yang kata kerja utamanya ( Ordinary) berupa selain be.
2. Menggunakan Transitive Verb yakni kata kerja yang membutuhkan objek, baik yang Diikuti
oleh 1 objek (Monotransitive ) maupun yang diikuti oleh 2 objek ( Ditransitive).
3. Kalimat yang berupa kata kerja yang berupa aktivitas ( Dinamic Verb ).

 Yang tidak bisa dipasifkan :

1. Kalimat Nominal.
2. Kalimat yang menggunakan Intransitif Verb ( Verb yang tidak membutuhkan objek )
3. Kata kerja have/has yang bermakna mempunyai ( posses )
Have/has secara struktur tidak bisa dipasifkan, tetapi secara meaning bisa dipasifkan
Dengan catatan mengganti have/has dengan belong to

Contoh : I have a new car ( Active Voice ) tidak boleh dipasifkan menjadi A new car is had
by me. Jadi kalimatnya harus dirubah menjadi A new car belong to me . (
structure active tapi meaning passive )
 B. Rumus
Cermati pola kalimat pasif di bawah ini
NO TENSES ACTIVE VOICE PASSIVE VOICE
1 The Simple Present S + V(s/es) + O S + am/is/are + V3 + by + O
He reads books every day Books are read (by him) every day.
2 Simple Past S + V2 + O S + was/were + V3 + by + O
He gave Tom two books. Two books were given to Tom (by him).
Tom was given two books (by him).
3 Simple Future S + will/shall + V1 + O S + will/shall + be + V3 + by + O
He will finish the homework tonight . His homework will be finished by him
tonight.
4 Present Continuous S + am/is/are + V-ing + O S + am/is/are + being +V3 + by + O
He is writing a novel at the moment. A novel is being written (by him) at the
moment.
5 Past Continuous S + was/were + V-ing + O S + was/were + being + V3 + by + O
He was writing a letter at 8.00 yesterday. A letter was being written (by him).
6 Future Continuous S + will/shall + be + V-ing + O S + will/shall + be + being + V3 +by+ O
Tom will be cooking lunch at 10.00 Lunch will be being cooked by Tom at
tomorrow. 10.00 tomorrow.
7 Present Perfect S + Has/Have + V3 + O S + has/have + been +V3 + by + O
He has just finished a novel. A novel has just been finished (by him).
8 Past Perfect S + had + V3 + O S + had + been + V3 + by + O
He had finished his homework before 8.00 His homework had been finished (by
yesterday. him) before 8.00 yesterday.
9 Future Perfect S + will/shall + have + V3 + O S + will/shall + have + been +V3 +by+ O
By the end of next week, he will have By the end of next week, 10 letters will
written 10 letters to her. have been written to her.
10 Modal Verbs S + MV (not) + V + O S + MV (not) + Be + V3 + by + O
We can’t solve this problem. This problem can’t be solved.

C. Change into Passive Voice

1. Dangerous driving causes many accidents  Many accidents ARE CAUSED by dangerous
driving
_______________________________________________
2. The company employs many people. > Many people are employed by the company
_______________________________________________
3. The shop assistant is serving the customer > A customer is served by the shop
assistant
_______________________________________________
4. We are completing the assignments > the assignments was being completed by them
_______________________________________________
5. He is assembling the computer > A computer is being assembled by him
_______________________________________________
6. The storm damaged the houses > houses have been damaged by storm
_______________________________________________
 7. The lions attacked the travelers. > The travelers has been attacked by lions
_______________________________________________
8. My uncle used my car. > My car have been used by my uncle
_______________________________________________
9. The workers have painted the building. > The building have been painted by the
workers
_______________________________________________
10. A doctor has examined the sick child. > The sick child has been examined by a doctor
_______________________________________________
11. The company has hired my friend. > My friend has been hired by the company
____________________________ ___________________
12. The government will sign the contract next month. > The contract will be signed by the
government next month
_______________________________________________
13. We must send the answers via e-mail. > The answer must be sent by them via e-mail
_______________________________________________
14. The students can submit their assignments. > These assignments can be submited by
students
___________________________________________________

D. Choose the correct answer.

1. Somebody cleans the room every day.
Passive voice is:
a. The room was clean by somebody every day. C. The room is clean by somebody every day
b. The room is cleaned by somebody every day. D. Somebody is cleaned the room every day.

2. Sam has taken an English course. Passive voice is:

a. Sam has been taken an English course. C. An English course has been taken by Sam.
b. An English course taken by Sam. D. English courses have taken by Sam.

3. The students are using the computers now. Passive voice is: ------------ by them now
a. The computers are being used C. The computers were used.
b. The computers are used. D. The computers is being used

4. My father fixed the car yesterday.

Passive voice is:
a. My father was fixed the car yesterday. C. The car was fix by my father yesterday.
b. My father was being fixed the car yesterday. D. The car was fixed by my father yesterday.

5. The kid has broken the window. Passive voice:

a. The window has been broken by the kid. C. The window is being broken by the kid.
b. The window will be broken by the kid. D. The window is broken by the kid.

6. Dina : Can I borrow your laptop?

Dita : Certainly, but what's wrong with yours?
Dina : It … now.”
a. Is being repaired b. Repaired c. Is repairing d. . Had repaired

7. This is a very popular TV program.

Every week it … by millions of people.
 a. Watches b. Is being watched c. Is watched d. Has watched

8. “Many moms were washing the clothes in the river.” The passive voice Is ----------- in the river
a. the clothes was washed c. the clothes were being washed
b. many moms were washed d. many moms were being washed

9. One of the teachers rang the break bell to announce the student that it is break time,
so the examination …….. next time
a. is cancelled c. will be cancelled
b. was cancelled d. has been cancelled

10. My hair ……….. by my mom yesterday

a. is cut b. are cut c. was cut d. were cut
Jawaban:

C. Change into Passive Voice

1. Many accidents ARE CAUSED by dangerous driving

2. Many people are employed by the company
3. A customer is served by the shop assistant
4. the assignments was being completed by them
5. The building have been painted by the
6. The sick child has been examined by a doctor
7. My friend has been hired by the company
8. The contract will be signed by the government next month
9. The answer must be sent by them via e-mail
10. These assignments can be submited by students

D. Choose the correct answer

1. B
2. C
3. D
4. D
5. A
6. A
7. B
8. C
9. C
10. D