OSEANOGRAFI

GEOLOGI
OLEH:
Ir.WARSITO ATMODJO, M.Si

JURUSAN ILMU KELAUTAN

FAKULTAS PERIKANAN DAN ILMU KELAUTAN
UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO
SEMARANG
2009
 OSEANOGRAFI GEOLOGI
OSEANOGRAFI Asal kata : the
ocean adalah
lautan/samudera
Logos adalah Ilmu
Arti : Istilah Ilmu yang
mempelajari seluk beluk
tentang lautan
ASPEK ILMU OSEANOGRAFI

GEOLOGI

GEOGRAFI
ASTRONOMI

OSEANOGRAFI
BIOLOGI
FISIKA

KIMIA
 INTI BUMI
• BERUKURAN DIAMETER 7000 KM DAN
• TERDIRI DARI BESI DAN NIKEL.
• LAPISAN PALING LUAR (TEBAL 2200 KM)
MERUPAKAN LIQUID ATAU CAIRAN.
• LAPISAN TERDALAM BERSIFAT SOLID
ATAU PADAT, DENGAN DENSITY SEKITAR
10.5 DAN SUHUNYA LEBIH DARI 5000 C.
• MENURUT TEORI, PERPUTARAN BUMI
PADA POROSNYA (ROTASI)
MENYEBABKAN TERJADINYA ARUS
SIRKULASI PADA BAGIAN CAIR INTI BUMI.
 MANTEL
LAPISAN INI DIKENAL JUGA SEBAGAI LAPISAN
ASTENOSFER,
KETEBALANNYA DIPERKIRAKAN 2900 KM.
KOMPOSISI BESI, SILIKA & MAGNESIUM Density
sekitar 3.5 dan suhu rata-rata sekitar 2000 C.
LAPISAN MANTLE PALING LUAR SEKITAR 200 KM
DINAMAI DENGAN ASTHENOSPHERE. PADA
LAPISAN INI TEKANAN DAN SUHU BERADA PADA
KONDISI BERIMBANG SEHINGGA LAPISAN INI
BERSIFAT PLASTIS. ASTHENOSPHERE
MERUPAKAN SUMBER DARI AKTIVITAS VOLKANIK
DAN SEISMIK (GEMPA).
 LITHOSPHERE
• AKUMULASI MASA DARI BATUAN-BATUAN
PADAT YANG MEMBENTUK SELUBUNG
YANG MENGELILINGI BAGIAN CAIR BUMI
YANG PANAS (MAGMA).
• KETEBALAN LITHOSPHERE BERVARIASI,
DARI SEKITAR 65 KM SAMPAI 100 KM,
TERDIRI DARI BATUAN SILIKA-
MAGNESIUM (SIMA) DAN SILIK-ALUMINIUM
(SIAL).
• LITHOSPHERE MEMPUNYAI NILAI
SPECIFIC GRAVITY (SG) 2.7 SAMPAI 3.
 KERAK BUMI ATAU LEMPENG BUMI
1. EURASIA PLATE
2. NORTH AMERICA PLATE
3. SOUTH AMERICA PLATE
4. PASIFIC PLATE
5. ANTARTIC PLATE
6. INDO-AUSTRALIA PLATE
7. AFRICAN PLATE
8. NASCA PLATE
9. PHILIPHINE PLATE
10. COCOS PLATE
11. ARABIC PLATE
12. SCOTIO PLATE
13. CARIBEAN PLATE
14. JUAN DE FUCA PLATE
PELAUT PEMBAGIAN LAUT DI BUMI
ADA 7 (TUJUH) LAUT (ERA ABAD
15 MENURUT ORANG EROPA)
• LAUT MERAH
• LAUT MEDITERANIA
• LAUT TELUK PERSIA
• LAUT HITAM
• LAUT ADRIATIK
• LAUT CASPIA
• SAMUDERA INDIA
 PEMBAGIAN SAMUDERA
• LAUT PASIFIK UTARA
• LAUT PASIFIK SELATAN
• LAUT ATLANTIK UTARA
• LAUT ATLANTIK SELATAN
• LAUT INDIA
• LAUT ARTIK
• LAUT SELATAN/ANTARTIKA
TEKTONIKA
According to the
continental drift theory,
the supercontinent
Pangaea began to break
up about 225-200 million
years ago, eventually
fragmenting into the
continents as we know
them today.
The layer of the the Earth we live on is broken into a dozen or so rigid slabs (called
tectonic plates by geologists) that are moving relative to one another.
As noted by Snider-Pellegrini and Wegener, the locations of certain fossil plants
and animals on present-day, widely separated continents would form definite
patterns (shown by the bands of colors), if the continents are rejoined.
Ocean floor mapping

The mid-ocean ridge (shown in red) winds its way between the continents much like
the seam on a baseball.
Magnetic striping and polar reversals

A theoretical model of
the formation of
magnetic striping.
New oceanic crust
forming continuously
at the crest of the mid-
ocean ridge cools and
becomes increasingly
older as it moves away
from the ridge crest
with seafloor spreading
(see text): a. the
spreading ridge about 5
million years ago; b.
about 2 to 3 million
years ago; and c.
present-day.
Global Tectonic Activity Map (GTAM)
global perspective (> 3 magnitude):
 GERAKAN LEMPENG
DIVERGEN : SALING BERPISAH
KONVERGEN : SaLING BERTEMU
TRANSFORM : SALING BERSELIPAN
BEDA ARAH
Cross section illustrating the main types of plate boundaries
A constructive plate boundary
Oceanic-continental convergence
 Continental-continental convergence

Above: The collision between the Indian and

Eurasian plates has pushed up the Himalayas
and the Tibetan Plateau. Right: Cartoon cross
sections showing the meeting of these two
plates before and after their collision. The
reference points (small squares) show the
amount of uplift of an imaginary point in the
Earth's crust during this mountain-building
process.
Sliping plate boundary
 The branches of the San Andr eas fault
system in central California , The branches
of the San Andreas fault system in central
California
(from a map by Darrell G. Herd, USGS)

The San Andreas fault forms a

continuous narrow break in the
Earth's crust that extends from
northern California southward to
Cajon Pass near San Bernardino.
Southeastward from Cajon Pass
several branching faults, including
the San Jacinto and Banning faults,
share the movement of the crustal
plates. In this stretch of the fault
zone, the name "San Andreas"
generally is applied to the
northeastern most branch.
The complex network of faults that
make up the San Andreas fault
system in central Californis is shown
in the next figure.