1 Termodinamika
1 Termodinamika
PERKENALAN
EFRI YENDRI
7193016-R
•PADAT (ES)
•CAIR (AIR)
•UAP
PARAMETER :
•PRESSURE (TEKANAN)
•TEMPERATURE (SUHU)
D
T3
TEMPERATUR (OC)
B C
T2
A
T1
xX1
1 x2
X2 X3x3 x4
X4
KALOR (kJ/kg)
Simple, Inspiring, Performing, Phenomenal
Critical
Point
Saturated
Liquid
Saturated
Vapor
Subcooled Superheated
Liquid Vapor
Saturated
Mixture
Simple,
Simple,Inspiring,
Inspiring,Performing,
Performing,Phenomenal
Phenomenal
Simple, Inspiring, Performing, Phenomenal
Istilah pada Diagram Fasa
ENTALPI h kJ/kg
ENTROPI s kJ/(kg.K)
VOLUME SPESIFIK V m3/kg
INDEKS :
• s : Jenuh • g : Uap Jenuh
• f : Cairan Jenuh • fg : Campuran
C Z
Bila X > Z
Y X ( A B)
X Z
A C
TEMP. ENTHALPI
A 3383 (450 420)
3489 3383
450 3383 500 450
420 A
A 3383 (450 420)
106
500 3489 50
A 3383 (30)
106
50
A 3446,6
AB
DF X 100%
AC
TEMPERATUR (OC)
A B C BC
WF X 100%
AC
100
-273
ENTROPI (Kj/(kg.OK))
Simple, Inspiring, Performing, Phenomenal 19
TITIK KRITIS
(CRITICAL POINT)
CP
TEMPERATUR (OC)
P3 = 80 bar
t3
P2 = 1 bar
t2
D E CP AIR :
P1 = 0,08 bar
t1 P = 22,09 MPa
A B
T = 374,15 OC
v = 0,00317 m 3/kg
ENTROPI (Kj/(kg.OK))
Simple, Inspiring, Performing, Phenomenal
TEMPERATUR (OC)
300
a b
-273
Sa Sb
ENTROPI (Kj/(kg.OK))
Simple, Inspiring, Performing, Phenomenal
DIAGRAM T-s
TEMPERATUR (OC) SIKLUS CARNOT SEDERHANA
2 3
t2
WORK DONE
t1 1 4
HEAT REJECTED
Sa Sb
ENTROPI (Kj/(kg.OK))
Simple, Inspiring, Performing, Phenomenal
• PANAS MASUK Qin h3 h2
WP h2 h1
• KERJA POMPA
WT h3 h4
• KERJA TURBIN
3
Kerja Keluar
Boiler Turbin
Panas
Masuk
4
Panas
SISTEM Kondensor
Keluar
2
1
Pompa
Kerja Masuk
Simple, Inspiring, Performing, Phenomenal
Simple, Inspiring, Performing, Phenomenal 25
• PANAS MASUK Qin h3 h2
WP h2 h1
• KERJA POMPA
WT h3 h4
• KERJA TURBIN
th 37,91%
WP h2 h1
• KERJA POMPA
WT h4 h5
• KERJA TURBIN
Qin Qout WT WP
th 100% 100%
Qin Qin
Simple, Inspiring, Performing, Phenomenal
CONTOH SOAL :
• Unit PLTU dengan Tekanan Uap Keluar Boiler (Superheater)
100 BAR dan Temperatur 520 ᵒC. Sementara Tekanan Vacum
Kondensor : 0,075 BAR. Hitunglah Efisiensi Termal Siklus
Rankine-Superheat pada PLTU tsb !
th 40,96%
WP h2 h1
• KERJA POMPA
WT h4 h5 h6 h7
• KERJA TURBIN
Qin Qout W WP
th 100% T 100%
Qin Qin
Simple, Inspiring, Performing, Phenomenal
MEKANISME PERPINDAHAN PANAS
Persamaan Konduksi
(Hukum Fourier-1822)
(Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier 1768-1830)
dT dT
Q k . A. q k.
dx dx
Simple, Inspiring, Performing, Phenomenal
PERPINDAHAN PANAS KONVEKSI
PERSAMAAN KONVEKSI :
Qkonv = h .A. (∆T)
qkonv = h . (∆T)
Q
Qkonv = Laju Perpindahan Panas Konveksi (W)
qkonv = Laju Perpindahan Panas Konveksi per Luas
Permukaan (W/m²)
h = Koefisien Perpindahan Panas Konveksi
(W/(m².ºC))
A = Luas Permukaan (m²)
∆T = Perbedaan Temperatur (ºC)
Hukum Stefan-Boltzmann :