Cognitively And Developmentally

Challanged Person
Sasqia Utamia Sifa
1B- P1712502168
 LATAR BELAKANG
Istilah hukum keterbelakangan mental telah terbukti negatif untuk
individu dengan cacat perkembangan dan kognitif. Para Profesional
memilih untuk menggunakan istilah yang lebih dapat diterima untuk
orang yang hidup dengan intelektual dan perkembangan cacat mental
(GAKI) untuk mendorong penerimaan orang-orang yang hidup dengan
disabilitas intelektual ke dalam masyarakat sehari-hari tanpa label negatif.
Oleh karena itu penggunaan istilah keterbelakangan mental cenderung
menurun. Penyandang distabilitas intelektual dan perkembangan biasanya
memiliki kecerdasan intelektual (IQ) di bawah 70 dan gangguan dalam
keterampilan komunikasi, sosial, dan kehidupan.
Apa yang dimaksud dengan distabilitas intelektual?

• Disabilitas intelektual atau yang sering dikenal dengan retardasi mental adalah disabilitas yang
dicirikan dengan adanya keterbatasan signifikan baik dalam fungsi intelektual ( kapasitas mental
umum, seperti belajar, menalar, berpakaian, makan, komunikasi, menyelesaikan masalah ) maupun
tingkah laku adaptif yang meliputi banyak keterampilan sosial dan praktis sehari-hari.

• Menurut International Stastistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problem (ICD-
10), disabilitas intelektual adalah suatu keadaan perkembangan mental yang terhenti atau tidak
lengkap, yang terutama ditandai oleh adanya keterbatasan (impairment) keterampilan (kecakapan,
skills) selama masa perkembangan, sehingga berpengaruh pada semua tingkat inteligensia yaitu
kemampuan kognitif, bahasa, motorik dan sosial. Disabilitas intelektual dapat terjadi dengan atau
tanpa gangguan jiwa atau gangguan fisik lainnya.
Apa Etiologinya?
Penyebab disabilitas intelektual dibagi menjadi dua yakni secara primer dan sekunder.
PRIMER
● Akibat dari faktor keturunan,
bisa disebabkan oleh ke tidak
normalan kromosom dan gen.
Beberapa kelainan genetik yang
menyebabkan disabilitas
intelektual adalah Sindrom
down dan kerusakan kromosom
X . Ini penyebab paling umum
terjadinya disabilitas intelektual
yang diwariskan.
SEKUNDER
● Akibat penyakit atau pengaruh
postnatal yang keadaan ini
sudah diketahui sejak sebelum
lahir tapi tidak diketahui
etiologinya. Selain itu dapat
juga disebabkan oleh penyakit
otak yang nyata ( postnatal ).
PENYEBAB LAINNYA

Gangguan
01 Akibat infeksi 02 Akibat 03 metabolisme
rudapaksa atau
penyebab fisik

Akibat kelainan Akibat Gangguan jiwa

04 kromosom 05 premeturitas 06 berat
 01
THE PATIENT
You can enter a subtitle here if you need it
ABOUT THE DISEASE

Body Thoughts Feelings

Mercury is the closest Venus has a beautiful Despite being red, Mars is
planet to the Sun and the name and is the second actually a cold place. It’s
smallest of them all planet from the Sun full of iron oxide dust
ABOUT THE DISEASE
Thinking
problems
Jupiter is a gas giant
and also is the biggest
planet of them all Severe anxiety
Mercury is the closest
Muscle planet to the Sun in all
the Solar System
weakness
Despite being red,
Planet Mars is actually
a cold place
PATHOLOGY
ICU-acquired
weakness
Venus is the second
planet from the Sun
Cognitive or brain
dysfunction
Jupiter is the biggest
planet of them all
Other mental health
problems
Saturn is a gas giant and
has several rings
ABOUT THE DISEASE
Critical ill patients PICS Family

Survivors
Physical Mental
impairments impairments
Cognitive
impairments

Long term
prognosis
SYMPTOMS OF THE DISEASE
Delirium
Venus has a beautiful name and is the
second planet from the Sun

Dementia
Neptune is the farthest planet from the
Sun. It's also the fourth-largest

Depression
Jupiter is a gas giant and the biggest
planet in the Solar System
KLASIFIKASI
55-70
Type mild
disabilitas intelektual mild
(ringan) adalah, mereka
termasuk yang mampu
didik, bila dilihat dari segi
pendidikan.
25-40
severe
disabilitas intelektual severe, adalah
mereka tidak mampu mengurus
dirinya sendiri tanpa bantuan orang
lain meskipun pada tugastugas
sederhana. Mereka membutuhkan
perlindungan hidup dan pengawasan
yang teliti.
The American Phsychological Association ( APA ) membuat klasifikasi anak disabilitas intelektual, yaitu mild, moderate,
severe, dan profound. Klasifikasi ini dibuat berdasarkan tingkat kecerdasan atau skor IQ.
40-55
Moderate
disabilitas intelektual moderate
(menengah) adalah, mereka
digolongkan sebagai anak yang
mampu latih, di mana mereka
dapat dilatih untuk beberapa
keterampilan tertentu.
<25
Profound
disabilitas intelektual profound,
adalah memiliki masalah yang
serius, baik menyangkut
kondisi fisik, inteligensi, serta
program pendidikan yang tepat
bagi mereka.
TREATMENT

Medicine A Medicine B Medicine C

Patient 1 0.6 gr 0.3 gr 0.3 gr

Patient 2 0.1 gr 0.5 gr 0.3 gr

Patient 3 1.2 gr 1.4 gr 1.2 gr

THIS IS A TIMELINE

Day 1
Venus is very hot
01

Day 3 Day 2
Mars is very cold
03 02 Jupiter is a big planet

Day 4
04 Saturn is a gas giant
AWESOME
WORDS
WHAT CAN FAMILY DO?
If you're a family member, you might be able to
reduce the number of PICS:

● Talk about familiar things, people and events

● Talk about the day, date and time
● Bring in favorite pictures and items from home
● Read aloud at the bedside
You can also keep a diary or journal and discuss it
with your caregivers afterwards
A PICTURE IS WORTH
A THOUSAND WORDS
A PICTURE
ALWAYS
REINFORCES THE
CONCEPT
Images reveal large amounts of data, so
remember: use an image instead of a long
text. Your audience will appreciate it
 50%
Of patients may be able to return to work within the first year,
but others may not be able to return to their previous jobs
KEY NUMBERS

33%
of this problem
50%of all patients
50%
of patients stay in the
occurs in all patients admitted with severe ICU for at least
on ventilators infection too one week
 “This is a quote, words full of wisdom
that someone important said and can
make the reader get inspired.”
—Someone Famous
DIAGNOSIS

Mercury Venus Mars

It’s the closest planet Venus is the second Mars is actually a very
to the Sun planet from the Sun cold place

Jupiter Saturn Neptune

Jupiter is the biggest It’s composed of It’s the farthest planet
planet of them all hydrogen and helium from the Sun
KLASIFIKASI
Early mobility Breathing trials

Venus is the second Jupiter is the biggest

planet from the Sun planet of them all

Good Family
communication involvement
Despite being red, Saturn is a gas giant
Mars is a cold place and has several rings
 TREATMENT
Medication
Using light or little sedation, administering
the smallest dose necessary to manage pain,
and monitoring for managing posible
delirium symptoms
Rehabilitation
Due to the high prevalence of respiratory and
cardiovascular problems in patients after ICU
release, pulmonary or cardiovascular
rehabilitation is recommended
PREVALENCE
55%
Venus
Venus is the second
planet from the Sun

45%
Mars
Despite being red,
Mars is a cold place
 CONCLUSIONS
Take the time to learn about your loved
one's illness and treatment options. This
information will assist you in making
decisions, feeling confidence in your
choices, and reducing stress
OUR TEAM

Jenna Doe Timmy Jimmy Susan Bones

You can speak a bit about You can speak a bit about You can speak a bit about
this person here this person here this person here
REFERENCES

● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher.

● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher.
● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher.
● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher.
● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher.
● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher.
● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher.
● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher.
● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher.
THANKS
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yourcompany.com

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