Akuntan
Biaya Produksi
TC
1. Biaya Tetap Total (Total
Fixed Cost), TVC
2. Biaya Variabel Total
(Total Variabel Cost),.
3. Total Cost (Total Cost),
TFC
TC = TFC + TVC
Q
EXAMPLE 2: Costs
$800 FC
Q FC VC TC $700 VC
TC
0 $100 $0 $100 $600
1 100 70 170 $500
Costs
2 100 120 220 $400
3 100 160 260
$300
4 100 210 310
$200
5 100 280 380
$100
6 100 380 480
$0
7 100 520 620 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Q
THE COSTS OF PRODUCTION 6
BIAYA PRODUKSI JANGKA PENDEK
Biaya Rata-rata; Biaya Produksi
1. Average Fixed Cost, AFC
= TFC/Q MC
2. Average Variabel Cost, AVC =
AC
AVC/Q
AVC
3. Average Cost,
TC TFC TVC
AC AFC AVC
Q Q
$200
$175
$150
ATC
$125
Costs
AVC
$100
AFC
MC $75
$50
$25
$0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Q
THE COSTS OF PRODUCTION 8
EXAMPLE 1: Total and Marginal Cost
Q
Total Marginal
(bushels
Cost Cost (MC)
of wheat)
0 $1,000
∆Q = 1000 ∆TC = $2000 $2.00
1000 $3,000
∆Q = 800 ∆TC = $2000 $2.50
1800 $5,000
∆Q = 600 ∆TC = $2000 $3.33
2400 $7,000
∆Q = 400 ∆TC = $2000 $5.00
2800 $9,000
∆Q = 200 ∆TC = $2000 $10.00
3000 $11,000
0 10 10 15
1 10 20 15
2 10 25 15
3 10 30 15
4 10 40 15
5 10 60 15
6 10 90 15
ANALISIS BIAYA JANGKA PANJANG
(LONG-RUN AVERAGE COST ATAU LAC)
0 Q
PERILAKU BIAYA JANGKA PANJANG
K (a)
Jalur Ekspansi
K3 C Q3
K2 B
K1 A Q2
Q1
0 L1 L2 L3 L
TC (b)
LTC
TC3 C`
TC2
B`
TC1 C`
0 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q
AC (c)
MC LMC
LAC
A``
B``
C``
0 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q
Skala Ekonomi
• Economies of Scale yaitu biaya total rata-rata
jangka panjang menurun seiring meningkatnya
output