Kelas : TL 2A
NIM : 190104010
POLITEKNIK NEGERI CILACAP
BUKU
PEDOMAN 10
SALURAN UDARA TEGANGAN TINGGI
DAN EKSTRA TINGGI (SUTT/SUTET)
Berdasarkan fungsi dari tiap-tiap komponennya, sistem transmisi SUTT / SUTET
dikelompokkan sebagai berikut:
01
Current Carrying / Pembawa Arus
Komponen yang termasuk dalam fungsi pembawa arus adalah
komponen SUTT/ SUTET yang berfungsi dalam proses penyaluran
Primary
arus listrik dari Pembangkit ke GI/ GITET atau dari GI/ GITET ke GI/
GITET lainnya.
Insulation / Isolasi
02 Insulation berfungsi untuk mengisolasi bagian yang bertegangan
dengan bagian yang tidak bertegangan/ ground, baik saat normal
continous operation dan saat terjadi surja (termasuk petir) didalam
saluran transmisi..
Structure / Struktur
03 Komponen utama dari Fungsi structure pada sistem transmisi SUTT
/ SUTET adalah Tiang (Tower).Tiang adalah konstruksi bangunan
yang kokoh untuk menyangga / merentang konduktor penghantar
dengan ketinggian dan jarak yang aman bagi manusia dan
lingkungan sekitarnya dengan sekat insulator.
Junctions / Penghubung
04 Berfungsi menghubungkan sub sistem Current carrying (pembawa
arus), sub sistem insulation (isolasi) dan subsistem structure
(struktur). Junction pada sistem transmisi SUTT/ SUTET adalah
semua komponen pendukung fungsi pembawa arus, isolasi dan
struktur.
CURRENT CARRYING / PEMBAWA ARUS
Komponen-komponen yang termasuk fungsi pembawa
arus, yaitu:
1. Bare Conductor OHL (Termasuk ACSR, TACSR dan ACCC)
A. Konduktor ACSR (Alumunium Conductor Steel Reinforced)
Konduktor jenis ini, bagian dalamnya berupa steel yang mempunyai kuat
mekanik tinggi, sedangkan bagian luarnya berupa aluminium yang mempunyai
konduktivitas tinggi. Karena sifat elektron lebih menyukai bagian luar konduktor
daripada bagian sebelah dalam konduktor, maka pada sebagian besar SUTT
maupun SUTET menggunakan konduktor jenis ACSR.
B. Konduktor jenis TACSR (Thermal Aluminium Conductor Steel Reinforced)
Pada saluran transmisi yang mempunyai kapasitas penyaluran / beban
sistem tinggimaka dipasang konduktor jenis TACSR.Konduktor jenis ini
mempunyai kapasitas lebih besar tetapi berat konduktor tidak mengalami
perubahan yang banyak, tapi berpengaruh terhadap sagging.
c. Konduktor jenis ACCC
Konduktor jenis ini, bagian dalamnya berupa composite yang mempunyai
kuat mekanik tinggi, dikarenakan tidak dari bahan konduktif, maka bahan ini tidak
mengalami pemuaian saat dibebani arus maupun wtegangan.Untuk konduktor
jenis ini tidak mengalami korosi cocok untuk daerah pinggir pantai, sedangkan
bagian luarnya berupa aluminium yang mempunyai konduktivitas tinggi. Konduktor
jenis ini dipilih karena memiliki karakteristik high conductivity & low sag conductor.
2. CONDUCTORJOINT (MIDSPAN JOINT)
Sambungan (joint) harus memenuhi beberapa syarat antara lain:
1. Konduktivitas listrik yang baik
2. Kekuatan mekanik yang besar
Ada 2 jenis teknik penyambungan konduktor penghantar ACSR, TACSR& ACCC, yaitu:
1. Sambungan dengan puntiran (sekarang sudah jarang dipergunakan)
2. Sambungan dengan press
Jarak Jumper conductor dengan tiang diatur sesuai tegangan operasi dari
SUTT / SUTETkonduktor pada tiang tension SUTET umumnya dipasang
counter weight sebagai pemberat agar posisi dan bentuk konduktor
penghubung tidak berubah. Pada tiang tertentu perlu dipasang insulator
support untuk menjaga agar jarak antara konduktor penghubung dengan tiang
tetap terpenuhi. Untuk menjaga jarak dan pemisah antar Jumper Conductor
pada konfigurasi 2 konduktor atau 4 konduktor perlu dipasang twin spacer
ataupun quad spacer.
INSULATION (ISOLASI)
Sesuai fungsinya, insulator yang baik harus memenuhi
sifat:
1. Karakteristik elektrik
Insulator mempunyai ketahanan tegangan impuls petir pengenal dan tegangan
kerja, tegangan tembus minimum sesuai tegangan kerja dan merupakan bahan
isolasi yang diapit oleh logam sehingga merupakan kapasitor.Kapasitansinya
diperbesar oleh polutan maupun kelembaban udara di permukaannya. Apabila nilai
isolasi menurun akibat dari polutan maupun kerusakan pada insulator, maka akan
tejadi kegagalan isolasi yang akhirnya dapat menimbulkan gangguan.
2. Karakteristik mekanik
Insulator harus mempunyai kuat mekanik guna menanggung beban tarik konduktor
penghantar maupun beban berat insulator dan konduktor penghantar.
Menurut bentuknya,insulator terdiri dari ::
1. Insulator Piring
Dipergunakan untuk insulator penegang dan insulator gantung, dimana jumlah piringan
insulator disesuaikan dengan tegangan sistem.
b. Insulator Polymer
Insulator polymer dilengkapi dengan mechanical load bearing fiberglass rod, yang diselimuti
oleh weather shed polimer untuk mendapatkan nilai kekuatan eletrik yang tinggi.
Komponen utama dari insulator
polymeryaitu:
a. End fittings
b. Corona ring(s)
c. Fiberglass-reinforced plastic rod
d. Interface between shed and sleeve
e. Weather shed
3. Isolasi Udara ( Ground Clearance ) Disekitar Kawat Penghantar
1. Back flashover,
kejadian dimana petir menyambar bagian-bagian grounding sistem
(seperti tower dan GSW) tetapi arus petir tidak dapat dialirkan ke tanah
karena impact local grounding desainya yang tidak bekerja dengan baik.
2. Flash over
kejadian dimana perlindungan GSW tidak maksimal sehingga petir
menyambar langsung pada konduktor
2. Corona ring
Peran korona ring adalah untuk mendistribusikan gradien medan listrik dan menurunkan
nilai maksimum di bawah ambang batas corona, mencegah debit korona.
3. Insulator Housing
Adalah tabung yang terbuat dari aluminium yang dilapisi insulator. Tabung ini merupakan
ruang untuk material metal oksida pembentuk TLA. Biasanya insulator pelapis yang
digunakan adalah tipe siikon, karena memiliki bobot yang ringan
4. Disconnector
Adalah alat yang dipasangkan pada TLA sisi tidak bertegangan yang diteruskan ke
konduktor grounding. Disconnector akan bekerja memutuskan, apabila kondisi TLA sudah
rusak.
5. Grounding
Adalah konduktor yang dipasangkan pada TLA yang fungsinya untuk meneruskan arus petir
dan arus bocor ke tanah.
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