GRAMMAR

BY: ANDRY YURIANDI, S.S.

01.
PARTS OF SPEECH
GRAMMAR
WHAT IS PARTS OF SPEECH?
We can categorize English words into 9 basic types called "parts of speech" or
"word classes". It's quite important to recognize parts of speech. This helps you to
analyze sentences and understand them. It also helps you to construct good
sentences.
PARTS OF SPEECH TABLE
PRACTICE
Analyze the parts of speech!
1. Stop!
2. John works.
3. John is working.
4. She loves animals.
5. Tara speaks English well.
6. Tara speaks good English.
7. She ran to the station quickly.
8. She likes big snakes but I hate them.
9. Well, she and my young John walk to school slowly.
02.
SENTENCE
STRUCTURE
GRAMMAR
WHAT IS A SENTENCE?
A sentence is a set of words that contain:
 Subject — someone or something that is the topic or thing to be discussed. The subject is usually
filled with nouns or pronouns.
 Predicate — states what happened or the circumstances experienced by the subject. Filled with a verb
or to be.
 Object — a person or thing that is subjected to the action of the verb. Filled with nouns or pronouns.
 Complement — information that complements the subject, verb, or object. Can be filled with either
nouns, adjectives, or adverbs (usually describing time, place, frequency, or manner).
EXAMPLE
My sister loves sushi.
[Subject (Noun) – Predicate (Verb) - Object (Noun)]

He calls her.
[Subject (Pronoun) - Predicate (Verb) - Object (Pronoun)]

The shop is behind the workshop.

[Subject (Noun) – Predicate (To Be) - Complement (Adverb (of place))]
PRACTICE
Analyze the sentence structures!
 They play soccer.
 Picasso is a painter.
 She is humble.
03.
KINDS OF SENTENCE
STRUCTURES
GRAMMAR
SENTENCE STRUCTURE
Sentence structure is divided into four types, namely simple, compound, complex,
and compound-complex.
SIMPLE SENTENCE STRUCTURE
A simple sentence consists of one independent clause. (An independent clause
contains a subject and verb and expresses a complete thought.)

 I like coffee.
 Mary likes tea.
 The earth goes round the sun.
 Mary did not go to the party.
COMPOUND SENTENCE STRUCTURE
A compound sentence is two (or more) independent clauses joined by a conjunction or semicolon.
Each of these clauses could form a sentence alone.

 I like coffee and Mary likes tea.

 Mary went to work but John went to the party.
 Our car broke down; we came last.

There are seven coordinating conjunctions:

and, but, or, nor, for, yet, so
COMPLEX SENTENCE STRUCTURE
A complex sentence consists of an independent clause plus a dependent clause. (A dependent clause starts with a subordinating
conjunction or a relative pronoun, and contains a subject and verb, but does not express a complete thought.)

 We missed our plane because we were late.

 Our dog barks when she hears a noise.
 He left in a hurry after he got a phone call.
 Do you know the man who is talking to Mary?

Here are some common subordinating conjunctions:

after, although, as, because, before, how, if, once, since, than, that, though, till, until, when, where, whether, while

Here are the five basic relative pronouns:

that, which, who, whom, whose
COMPOUND-COMPLEX SENTENCE STRUCTURE

A compound-complex sentence consists of at least two independent clauses and

one or more dependent clauses.

 John didn't come because he was ill so Mary was not happy.
 He left in a hurry after he got a phone call but he came back five minutes later.
THANK YOU!