GENERAL ENGLISH

Pertemuan Ke 4 – 2 Desember 2022

Adverbs & Adjectives

Dosen :
Putri Astiti, M.I.Kom.
 Adverbs

Adverb merupakan salah satu unsur part of speech. Part of speech adalah
pengkategorian kata berdasarkan fungsi dan kegunaannya atau bisa juga disebut
dengan kata untuk membangun sebuah kalimat bahasa Inggris.

Pengertian Adverb
Adverb adalah kata yang biasa menempel pada kata kerja, kata sifat, dan kata
keterangan. Sebenarnya tanpa adverb dalam sebuah kalimat bahasa Inggris tidak
menjadi masalah, adverb hanya sebagai pelengkap saja.
Kata keterangan (adverb) digunakan untuk menyatakan tentang bagaimana (how),
dimana (where), kapan (when), atau seberapa sering sesuatu terjadi (how often). Ke
empat hal tersebut akan dipelajari pada pertemuan kali ini.

1. Adverb of Place (Keterangan Tempat)

Adverb ini digunakan untuk memberikan informasi tentang lokasi atau tempat
dimana suatu aktivitas terjadi. Kata keterangan ini biasanya menjawab
pertanyaan yang dimulai dengan “Where”. Adverb ini menjawab pertanyaan
“dimana kejadian itu terjadi?”. Kata yang digunakan antara lain here, around,
there, over, up, inside, near, outside, away, below, dan lain sebagainya.
Karena Adverb of Place menunjukkan tempat, maka ada banyak sekali kata
bantunya. Apapun yang bisa menunjukkan tempat/arah, maka itu adalah adverb
of place.
Contoh :
Where does the man live? He lives on Parahyangan street no 23.
Adverb of Place

Please, go up stairs. Something is broken.

Those rabbits hide below the hole.
2. Adverb of Time (Keterangan Waktu)
Adverb ini digunakan untuk memberikan informasi tentang durasi atau waktu
ketika suatu kegiatan terjadi. Kata keterangan ini umumnya menjawab
pertanyaan dimulai dengan “When” atau “How long .... last”. Ada banyak sekali
adverb of time yang bisa kamu tambahkan/gunakan.
Contoh:
When do you go to campus? I go around 8 in the morning.
Adverb of time

How long will the film last? It will last about 2 hours.

3. Adverb of Manner (Keterangan Cara)

Adverb ini menunjukkan bagaimana suatu aktivitas selesai. Kata keterangan ini
biasanya menjawab pertanyaan yang dimulai dengan “How” dan kadang-kadang
pertanyaan pendapat. Adverb ini juga dapat diartikan sebagai kata bantu yng
biasa digunakan untuk menjawab perilaku/pendekatan/proses dari pertanyaan.
Kata yang digunakan, antara lain thankfully, beautifully, bravely, quickly, hotly,
nicely, dll. Untuk membuat kata keterangan cara, biasanya kata sifat diikuti
dengan akhiran –ly yang dapat diterjemahkan “dengan + ..... (kata sifat)” di
bahasa Indonesia.
Contoh :
What do you think about my dancing moves? Oh, you did it beautifully!
Adv. Of Manner

How was the movie? I think it’s good! The actors acted so well.
Please, read the direction carefully.
Ryan leaves the room quickly.
 Jika dilihat pada contoh di atas, kata “well” tidak mengikuti aturan akhiran –ly,
tetapi kata ini berarti bahwa para pelaku bertindak dengan sikap yang baik. Ini
dikarenakan ada beberapa kata bahasa Inggris yang tidak bisa mengikuti aturan
akhiran –ly, seperti good, bad dan fast.

4. Adverb of Frequency (Keterangan Tingkat Keseringan)

Sesuai dengan namanya, adverb ini menunjukkan frekuensi atau waktu
terjadinya suatu kegiatan. Oleh karena itu, kata keterangan ini umumnya
menjawab pertanyaan yang dimulai dengan “How many times” atau “How
frequent”.
Contoh:
How many times do you visit the campus library? I visit library many times.
Adv. of Frequency

How frequent do you eat Indomie? I always eat Indomie for breakfast.
I always work hard to reach my dreams.

Ada beberapa degrees of adverb of frequency yang bisa kalian lihat pada
gambar di bawah ini:
 Adjective

Adjective adalah kata sifat dalam bahasa Indonesia. Secara umum, adjective
digunakan untuk memberikan informasi rinci tentang kata benda atau kata ganti.
Pada dasarnya, adjective menggambarkan ukuran, kualitas, durasi, bentuk, isi,
perasaan atau hal lain tentang kata benda (noun) dan kata ganti (pronoun).

Terkadang kita menggunakan dua atau lebih adjective secara bersamaan.

- My brother lives in a nice new home
- In the kitchen there was a beautiful large round wooden table.
Adjective seperti new/large/round/wooden adalah fact adjectives. Adjective tersebut
memberikan kita informasi mengenai age, size, colour etc.
Adjective seperti nice/beautiful adalah opinion adjective. Adjective tersebut
memberitahukan kita pandangan si pembicara mengenai sesuatu atau seseorang.
Opinion adjective biasanya ditempatkan sebelum fact adjective.

Opinion Fact
a nice long summer holiday
an interesting young man
delicious hot vegetable soup
a beautiful large round wooden table
Kadang kita menggunakan dua atau lebih fact opinion secara bersamaan. Biasanya
(tidak selalu) kita menempatkan fact adjective dalam urutan berikut:

1 2 3 4 5
How How What Where What is it NOUN
big? old? colour? from? made of?

a tall young man (12) a large wooden table (15)

big blue eyes (13) an old Russian song (24)
a small black plastic bag (135) an old white cotton shirt (235)

Adjectives of size and length (big/small/tall/short/long etc) biasanya ditempatkan

sebelum adjective of shape and width (round/fat/thin/slim/wide etc).
a large round table a tall thin girl a long narrow street

Ketika terdapat dua atau lebih colour adjectives, kita menggunakan and :
A black and white dress a red, white and green flag

Ini tidak biasanya terjadi dengan adjectives lain sebelum kata benda (noun):
A long black dress (not a long and black dress)

Kita menggunakan adjectives setelah be/get/become/seem :

- Be careful!
- I am tired and I am getting hungry
- As the film went on, it became more and more boring.
- Your friend seems very nice.

Kita juga biasa menggunakan adjectives untuk how somebody/something looks,

feels, sounds, tastes or smells:
- You look tired. / I feel tired / She sounds tired
- The dinner smells good.
- This tea taste a bit strange.
 Adjectives and Adverbs

You can say :

- Our holiday was too short – he time passed very quickly.
- Two people were seriously injured in the accident.

Quickly and seriously are adverbs. Many adverbs are adjective + -ly :
adjective quick serious careful bad heavy terrible
adverb quickly seriously carefully badly heavily terribly

Not all words ending in –ly are adverbs. Some adjectives end in –ly too, for example:
friendly lively elderly lonely lovely

Adjective or adverb
Adjectives (quick/careful etc) tell us Adverbs (quickly/carefully etc.) tell us
about a noun (somebody/somethings). about a verb (how somebody does
We use adjectives before nouns: somethings or how somethings happens):
- Sam is a careful driver - Sam drove carefully along the
(not a carefully diver) narrow road. (not drove careful)
- We didn’t go out because of the - We didn’t go out because it was
heavy rain. raining heavily. (not raining heavy)
Compare
She speaks perfect English. She speaks English perfectly.
Adjective + noun Verb + noun + adverb

We use adjectives after some verbs, especially be and also look/feel/sound etc.
Compare
- Please be quite - Please speak quitely
- My exam result were really bad. - I did really badly in the exam.
- Why do you always look so - Why do you never take me
serious? seriously?
- I feel happy - The children were playing happily.
Complete each sentence with an adverb. The first letters of the adverb are
given.
1. We didn’t go out because it was raining heavily.
2. I had no problem finding a place to live. I found a flat quite ea......
3. We had to wait a long time, but we didn’t complain, we waited pat.....
4. Nobody knew that Simon was coming to see us. He arrived unex........
5. Mike keeps fit by playing tennis reg........
6. I don’t speak French very well, but I can understand per............. if people speak
sl........... and cl.............

Put the adjective in brackets in the correct position

1. A beautiful table (wooden/round) a beautiful round wooden table.
2. An unusual ring (gold) .........................................
3. An old house (beautiful) .........................................
4. Red gloves (leather) .........................................
5. An American film (old) .........................................
6. Pink flower (tiny) .........................................
7. A long face (thin) .........................................
8. Big clouds (black) .........................................
9. A sunny day (lovely) .........................................
10. An ugly dress (yellow) .........................................

Put in the correct word.

1. Sam drove carefully along the narrow road. (careful/carefully)
2. I think you behaved very ............... . (selfish/selfishly)
3. The weather changed ..................... (sudden/suddenly)
4. There was a ................ change in the weather. (sudden/suddenly)
5. Liz fell and hurt herself really .............. (bad/badly)
6. I think I have flu. I feel ................ (awful/awfully)
7. Shinta is ............... upset about losing her job. (terrible/terribly)
8. I could sit in this chair all day. It’s very .................. (comfortable/comfortably)
9. I explained everythings as ............... as I could. (clear/clearly)
10. Be careful on that ladder. It doesn’t look very ............. (safe/safely)
11. Have a good trip and I hope you have a ............. journey (safe/safely)
12. I’m glad you had a good trip and got home ................ (safe/safely)

Complete each sentence using a word from the box. Sometimes you need the
adjective (careful etc.) and sometimes the adverb (carefully etc.)

careful(ly) complete(ly) dangerous(ly) financial(ly) fluent(ly)

frequent(ly) nervous(ly) perfect(ly) permanent(ly) special(ly)

1. Sam doesn’t take risks when he’s driving. He’s always careful.
2. He’s late sometimes, but it doesn’t happen .............
3. Maria’s English is very ................. although she makes quite a lot of mistakes.
4. I cooked this meal .................. for you, so I hope you like it.
5. Everythings was very quite. There was ................... silence.
6. I tried on the shoes and they fitted me ..................
7. I’d like to buy a car, but it’s ...................... impossible for me at the moment.
8. I’m staying here only a few weeks. I won’t be living here ................
9. Do you usually feel ............ before exams?
10. Anto likes to take risks. He lives ........................