HUMAN ANATOMY

SHPR 1852

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TEACHING PLAN

1. Cardiovascular system
2. Nervous system
3. Respiratory system
4. Lymphatic system

PROJECT 5. Endocrine system

6. Excretion system
LECTURE
7. Digestive system

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PENGENALAN

■ Definisi:
⚪ Kajian ke atas struktur badan yang
memfokuskan kepada fungsi badan

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ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE

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ORGANIZATION
OF HUMAN
BODY
ORGAN SYSTEM

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HUMAN SYSTEM

■ Integumentary
■ Skeletal
■ Muscular
■ Nervous
■ Cardiovascular
■ Endocrine
■ Digestive
■ Lymphatic
■ Respiratory
■ Reproductive
■ Urinary

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TERMINOLOGY IN ANATOMY

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ANATOMY POSITION
■ Badan berdiri
tegak dengan kaki
rapat
■ Lengan di sisi
dengan tapak
tangan menghala
ke hadapan
■ Kepala dan muka
memandang ke
hadapan 9
 BODY PLANES
■ Median / Midsagittal /
Sagittal – bahagian tengah
badan yang
membahagikan secara
menegak kepada kiri &
kanan
■ Frontal / Coronal –
membahagikan badan
kepada anterior (depan) &
posterior (belakang)
■ Transverse / horizontal
(cross section) –
membahagikan badan
kepada superior (atas) &
inferior (bawah)

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DIRECTIONAL TERMS
Directions Definition
Anterior / ventral Front of body
Posterior / dorsal Back of body
Medial Nearer midline of the body
Lateral Away from midline of the body
Superficial Closer to the surface of the body
Deep Toward the center of body part
Proximal Nearer to the joint
Distal Away from the joint
Superior Above
Inferior Below

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DIRECTIONAL TERMS

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REGIONAL TERMS
■ Axial – head, neck and trunk
■ Appendicular –limbs (upper & lower)
■ Specific regional terminology

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SYSTEMICALLY
Sistem Organ Komponen Fungsi
Integumentari Kulit, rambut, kuku Perlindungan

Skeletal Tulang Menyokong & perlindungan

Saraf Otak, saraf tunjang, saraf, deria rasa Memnerina & menghantar
impuls
Otot Otot Pergerakan

Endokrin Pitutari, thyroid, paratyroid, thymus Metabolisma & homeostasis

adrenal, pankreas, ovari & testes
Kardiovaskular Jantung, darah, saluran darah Pengangkutan

Limfatik Nodus limfa, salur limfa Pengankutan / membersihkan

darah
Respiratory Hidung, pharynx, larynx, trachea, Pertukaran gas
peparu
Pencernaan Mulut, esofagus, perut, pankreas, usus Memecahan makanan

Urinari Buah pinggang, ureters, urethra Proses penyingkiran bahan

buang dari badan 15

Pembiakan Gonads Pembentukan generasi

SCIENTIFICALLY
Nama Bahagian
Osteology Tulang
Syndesmology Pergerakan / sendi
Myology Otot
Angiology Sistem vaskular meliputi jantung,
salur darah, salur limfatik, kelenjar
limfa
Neurology Sistem saraf dan deria rasa
Splanchnology Sistem viscera (thoracic viscera,
abdominopelvic viscera) etc

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 RONGGA BADAN
■ Ventral cavity melindungi organ dalaman (viscera) &
dibahagikan kepada thoracic dan abdominopelvic

■ Dorsal cavity melindungi sistem saraf dan

dibahagikan kepada
⚪ Cranial cavity = tengkorak yang melindungi otak
⚪ Vertebral cavity = tulang vertebral column & melindung
tulang belakang

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BODY CAVITIES

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RONGGA BADAN YANG LAIN
■ Oral & pencernaan– mulut & rongga utk
pencernaan
■ Nasal –terdapat pada dalam & posterior
hidung
■ Orbital – house the eyes
■ Middle ear – mengandungi
tulang(ossicles) yang menghantar
gegaran bunyi
■ Synovial – rongga sendi
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SEROSA – SEROUS
MEMBRANE
■ Serosa (serous membrane)- a thin membrane (mesothelium
and irregular fibroelastic connective tissue) lining the closed
cavities of the body; has two layers with a space between that
is filled with serous fluid.

■ Serum – a clear, watery fluid - the fluid portion of the blood

obtained after removal of the fibrin clot and blood cells.

■ Serous - relating to, containing, or producing serum - or a

substance having a watery consistency.

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SEROSA – SEROUS
MEMBRANE
■ Parietal serosa meliputi dinding badan
■ Visceral serosa meliputi oragan dalamam
■ Serous fluid memisahkan serosae

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VENTRAL BODY CAVITY
MEMBRANES
■ Parietal Pleura - pleura
lining the inner chest walls
and covering the
diaphragm.
■ Visceral Pleura - pleura
covering the lungs.

■ Peritoneum – the serous

membrane lining the
abdominal cavity and
covering most of the
viscera
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ABDOMINOPELVIC REGION

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