Pert5 - Non Current Liability - Bagian 2
Pert5 - Non Current Liability - Bagian 2
Prepared by
Coby Harmon
University of California, Santa Barbara
Unofficially translated to Bahasa by Kuwat Slamet
Westmont College
14-1 PKN STAN 2021
BAB 14
Liabilitas Nonlancar
Tujuan Pembelajaran
Setelah mempelajari bab ini, Anda diharapkan mampu untuk:
1. Menjelaskan hakekat Obligasi 3. Menjelaskan akuntansi
dan menunjukkan akuntansi penyelesaian liabilitas nonlancar
penerbitan obligasi. 4. Menunjukkan bagaimana
2. Menjelaskan akuntansi utang menyajikan dan menganalisis
note/wesel jangka panjang liabilitas nonlancar.
14-2
GAMBARAN BAB 14
Intermediate Accounting
IFRS 3rd Edition
Kieso ● Weygandt ● Warfield
14-3
LEARNING OBJECTIVE 2
Long-Term Notes Payable Explain the accounting for
long-term notes payable.
14-4 LO 2
Wesel diterbitkan pada nilai nominal
Ilustrasi: Scandinavian Imports mengeluarkan wesel 3 tahun
bernilai €10,000 pad nilai nominal kepada Bigelow ASA. Baik suku
bunga tercatat (stated rate) dan suku bunga efektif keduanya
sebesar 10 persen. Scandinavian mencatat penerbitan wesel ini
sebagai berikut.
Cash 10,000
Notes Payable
10,000
14-6 LO 2
Zero-Interest-Bearing Notes
Ilustrasi: Turtle Cove Company menerbitkan wesel tanpa bunga 3
tahun senilai $10,000 kepada Jeremiah Company. Suku bunga
implisit yang menyamakan total kas yang harus dibayar ($10,000
pada saat jatuh tempo) dengan nilai sekarang dari arus kas masa
depan ($7,721.80 penerimaan kas pada tanggal penerbitan) adalah 9
persen.
ILLUSTRATION 14.14
Time Diagram for Zero-Interest Note
14-7 LO 2
Zero-Interest-Bearing Notes
Cash 7,721.80
Notes Payable 7,721.80
14-8 LO 2
ILLUSTRATION 14.15
Schedule of Note
Turtle Cove mencatat beban bunga pada Discount Amortization
14-10 LO 2
Interest-Bearing Notes
Cash
9,520
9,520
Notes Payable
14-11 LO 2
ILLUSTRATION 14.16
Schedule of Note
Discount Amortization
Marie Co. mencatat jurnal berikut ini pada akhir tahun pertama.
14-15 LO 2
Special Notes Payable Situations ILLUSTRATION 14.18
Time Diagram for
Interest-Bearing Note
ILLUSTRATION 14.19
Computation of Imputed Fair Value and Note Discount
14-16 LO 2
Special Notes Payable Situations
ILLUSTRATION 14.19
Computation of Imputed Fair Value and Note Discount
14-17 LO 2
ILLUSTRATION 14.20
Schedule of Discount
Amortization Using
Imputed Interest Rate
14-19 LO 2
Extinguishment of Non- LEARNING OBJECTIVE 3
Explain the accounting for
Current Liabilities extinguishment of non-
current liabilities.
14-20 LO 2
Extinguishment of Non-Current Liabilities
14-21 LO 2
Extinguishment with Cash before Maturity
Ilustrasi: Obligasi Evermaster diterbitkan dengan diskon pada tanggal 1
Januari 2019. Obligasi ini jatuh tempo dalam 5 tahun. Obligasi memiliki nilai
nominal €100,000, dengan bunga kupon 8 persen dibayarkan semesteran,
dan dijual dengan hasil 10 persen.
ILLUSTRATION 14.21
Bond Premium Amortization Schedule, Bond
Extinguishment
14-22
Extinguishment with Cash before Maturity
Dua tahun setelah tanggal penerbitan, yaitu 1 Januari 2021, Evermaster
menarik seluruh obligasinya dengan kurs 101 dan membatalkan semua
instrumen tersebut. ILLUSTRATION 14.22
Computation of Loss on Redemption of Bonds
14-24 LO 3
Transfer of Assets
Ilustrasi: Hamburg Bank meminjamkan €20,000,000 kepada Bonn
Mortgage Company. Bonn menginvestasikan uang ini ke dalam
bangunan apartemen hunian. Namun, karena tingkat huniannya rendah
Bonn tidak mampu memenuhi kewajibannya. Hamburg Bank setuju
untuk menerima real estate dari Bonn Mortgage dengan harga wajar
€16,000,000 sebagai ganti penyelesaian pinjaman €20,000,000. Real
estate memiliki nilai terbawa (carrying value) €21,000,000 pada buku
hipotek Bonn. Bonn (debitur) mencatat transaksi ini sbb.
14-25 LO 3
Granting of Equity Interest
Ilustration: Sekarang asumsikan bahwa Hamburg Bank setuju untuk
menerima penggantian dari Bonn dalam bentuk 320,000 saham biasa
(€10 par) yang memiliki nilai wajar €16,000,000, sebagai penyelesaian
penuh atas pinjaman €20,000,000. Bonn (debitur) mencatat transaksi
ini sbb.
14-26 LO 3
Extinguishment of Non-Current Liabilities
14-27 LO 3
Modification of Terms
14-28 LO 3
Modification of Terms
ILLUSTRATION 14.23
Fair Value of Restructured Note
14-29 LO 3
Modification of Terms
14-30 LO 3
ILLUSTRATION 14.24
Schedule of Interest and
Amortization after Debt
Modification
Resorts Development mengakui beban bunga wesel ini dengan
menggunakan suku bunga efektif 15 persen. Oleh karena itu,
pada 31 Desember 2020 (tanggal pembayaran bunga pertama
setelah restrukturisasi), Resorts Development membuat jurnal
sbb.
Interest Expense 1,080,200
Notes Payable 360,200
Cash 720,000
14-31 LO 3
ILLUSTRATION 14.24
Schedule of Interest and
Amortization after Debt
Modification
Resorts Development membuat jurnal yang sama
(kecuali untuk perbedaan jumlah kredit ke Notes Payable dan
debit ke Interest Expense) tiap tahun hingga jatuh tempo. Pada
tanggal jatuh tempo, Resorts Development membuat jurnal sbb.
14-32 LO 3
LEARNING OBJECTIVE 4
Presentation and Analysis Indicate how to present and
analyze non-current
liabilities.
14-33 LO 3
Fair Value Option
14-34 LO 3
Off-Balance-Sheet Financing
14-35 LO 3
Off-Balance-Sheet Financing
Rationale
► Memindahkan utang akan mempertajam kualitas neraca
dan memungkinkan mendapatkan kredit lebih mudah dan
biaya yang lebih murah.
► Perjanjian pinjaman seringkali membatasi jumlah utang
yang dapa dimiliki oleh perusahaan. Jenis komitmen
seperti ini mungkin tidak dipertimbangkan dalam
menghitung pembatasan utang.
► Ada yang berpendapat bahwa sisi aset dalam neraca
sangat bernilai lebih rendah/ diremehkan.
14-36 LO 3
Presentation and Analysis
14-37 LO 3
Presentation and Analysis
14-39 LO 3
Presentation and Analysis
ILLUSTRATION 14.28
Computation of Long-Term Debt Ratios for Novartis
14-40 LO 3
GLOBAL ACCOUNTING INSIGHTS
LEARNING OBJECTIVE 5
Compare the accounting for liabilities under IFRS and U.S. GAAP.
U.S. GAAP and IFRS have similar definitions for liabilities. In addition, the
accounting for current liabilities is essentially the same under both IFRS and
U.S. GAAP. However, there are substantial differences in terminology related to
noncurrent liabilities as well as some differences in the accounting for various
types of long-term debt transactions.
14-41 LO 3
GLOBAL ACCOUNTING INSIGHTS
Relevant Facts
Similarities
• U.S. GAAP and IFRS have similar liability definitions. Both also classify
liabilities as current and non-current.
• Much of the accounting for bonds and long-term notes is the same under
U.S. GAAP and IFRS.
• Under U.S. GAAP and IFRS, bond issue costs are netted against
the
carrying amount of the bonds.
• Both U.S. GAAP and IFRS require the best estimate of a probable loss. In
U.S. GAAP, the minimum amount in a range is used. Under IFRS, if a range
of estimates is predicted and no amount in the range is more likely than any
other amount in the range, the midpoint of the range is used to measure the
liability.
14-42 LO 3
GLOBAL ACCOUNTING INSIGHTS
Relevant Facts
Similarities
• Both U.S. GAAP and IFRS prohibit the recognition of liabilities for future
losses.
Differences
• Under U.S. GAAP, companies must classify a refinancing as current only if it
is completed before the financial statements are issued. IFRS requires that
the current portion of long-term debt be classified as current unless an
agreement to refinance on a long-term basis is completed before the
reporting date.
• U.S. GAAP uses the term contingency in a different way than IFRS. A
contingency under U.S. GAAP may be reported as a liability under certain
situations. IFRS does not permit a contingency to be recorded as a liability.
14-43 LO 5
GLOBAL ACCOUNTING INSIGHTS
Relevant Facts
Differences
• U.S. GAAP uses the term estimated liabilities to discuss various liability
items that have some uncertainty related to timing or amount. IFRS
generally uses the term provisions.
• U.S. GAAP and IFRS are similar in the treatment of environmental liabilities.
However, the recognition criteria for environmental liabilities are more
stringent under U.S. GAAP: Environmental liabilities are not recognized
unless there is a present legal obligation and the fair value of the obligation
can be reasonably estimated.
• U.S. GAAP uses the term troubled debt restructurings and develops
recognition rules related to this category. IFRS generally assumes that all
restructurings should be considered extinguishments of debt.
14-44 LO 5
GLOBAL ACCOUNTING INSIGHTS
Relevant Facts
Differences
• Under U.S. GAAP, companies are permitted to use the straight-line method
of amortization for bond discount or premium, provided that the amount
recorded is not materially different than that resulting from effective-interest
amortization. However, the effective-interest method is preferred and is
generally used. Under IFRS, companies must use the effective-interest
method.
• Under U.S. GAAP, companies record discounts and premiums in separate
accounts (see the About the Numbers section). Under IFRS, companies do
not use premium or discount accounts but instead show the bond at its net
amount.
14-45 LO 5
GLOBAL ACCOUNTING INSIGHTS
Relevant Facts
Differences
• Under U.S. GAAP, losses on onerous contract are generally not recognized
unless addressed by industry- or transaction-specific requirements. IFRS
requires a liability and related expense or cost be recognized when a
contract is onerous.
14-46 LO 5
GLOBAL ACCOUNTING INSIGHTS
14-47 LO 5
GLOBAL ACCOUNTING INSIGHTS
On the Horizon
As indicated in Chapter 2, the IASB and FASB are working on a conceptual
framework project, part of which will examine the definition of a liability. In
addition, the two Boards are attempting to clarify the accounting related to
provisions and related contingencies. The FASB has a project that will align the
classification of debt to be refinanced in a manner similar to IFRS.
14-48 LO 5
Copyright
Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted in
Section 117 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the
express written permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
Request for further information should be addressed to the
Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. The purchaser
may make back-up copies for his/her own use only and not for
distribution or resale. The Publisher assumes no responsibility for
errors, omissions, or damages, caused by the use of these programs
or from the use of the information contained herein.
14-49