DAFTAR OBAT AMAN DAN BERBAHAYA UNTUK IBU HAMIL

DAN MENYUSUI
Lactation Risk Categories
Pregnancy Risk Categories

L1 (safest)
A (controlled studies show no risk)

L2 (safer)
B (no evidence of risk in humans)

L3 (moderately safe)
C (risk cannot be ruled out)

L4 (possibly hazardous)
D (positive evidence of risk)

L5 (contraindicated)

X (contraindicated in pregnancy)
NR: Not Reviewed. This drug has not yet
been reviewed by Hale.

Antikonvulsan, Obat Tidur, Sedatif, dan Migren

Nama Obat
R.Hamil
R.Menyusui
Sumatriptan
C
L3
Chloral hydrate
C
L3
Methyprylon
NR
Bromide
D
L5
Secobarbital
D
L3
Zolpidem
B
L3
Bishydroxycoumarin
NR
Warfarin
D
L2
Carbamazepine
C
L2
Ethosuximide
C
L4
Magnesium sulfate
B
L1
Phenytoin
D
L2
Valproic acid
D
L2
Obat TBC dan Malaria
Nama Obat
Risiko Kehamilan
Risiko Menyusui
Obat TB
Cycloserine

C
L3
Ethambutol
B
L2
Isoniazid
C
L3
Rifampin
C
L2
Obat malaria
Chloroquine
C
L3
Hydroxychloroquine
C
L2
Pyrimethamine
C
L4
Quinine
D
L2
Anti Hipertensi, Anti Aritmia, dan Diuretik
Nama Generik
Risiko Kehamilan**
RisikoMenyusui**
Acetazolamide
C
L2

Bendroflumethiazide
D
L4 (may inhibit lactation)
Chlorothiazide
D
L3
Chlorthalidone
D
L3
Hydrochlorothiazide (HCT)
D
L2
Spironolactone
D
L2
Disopyramide
C
L2
Flecainide
C
L3
Mexiletine
B
L2
Procainamide
C
L3
Quinidine
C
L2
Captopril
D
L3 (if used after 30 days)
Diltiazem/Diltiazem HCL
C
L3
Enalapril/Enalapril Maleate
C (1st trim.)
L2
D (2nd, 3rd trim.)
Hydralazine
C
L2
Labetalol
C
L2
Methyldopa
C
L2
Metoprolol
B
L3
Minoxidil
C
L2(topically)
L3 (orally)
Nadolol
C
L4
Nifedipine
C
L2
Oxprenolol
NR
Propranolol
C
L2
Sotalol
B
L3
Timolol
C
L2
Verapamil
C
L2
Digoxin
C

L2
Approved: (Table 6) Maternal Medication Usually Compatible With Breastfeeding* Per the AAP Policy
Statement The Transfer of Drugs and Other Chemicals Into Human Milk, revised September 2001.
Anti Jamur dan Anti Virus
Nama Generik
Risiko Kehamilan
RisikoMenyusui
Antijamur
Fluconazole
C
L2
Ketoconazole
C
L2
Antivirus
Acyclovir
C
L2
Interferon-alpha
C
L2
Antibiotik
Nama Generik
Risiko Kehamilan
Risiko Menyusui
Amoxicillin
B
L1
Aztreonam
B
L2
Cefadroxil
B
L1
Cefazolin
B
L1
Cefotaxime
B
L2
Cefoxitin
B
L1

Cefprozil
C
L1
Ceftazidime
B
L1
Ceftriaxone
B
L2
Ciprofloxacin
C
L3
Clindamycin
B
L3
Erythromycin
B
L1
L3 early postnatal
Fleroxacin
NR
Gentamicin
C
L2
Kanamycin
D
L2
Moxalactam
NR
Nitrofurantoin
B
L2
Ofloxacin
C
L2
Penicillin
B
L1
Streptomycin
D
L3
Sulbactam
NR
Sulfisoxazole
C
L2
Tetracycline
D
L2
Ticarcillin
B
L1
Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole
C
L3
Antasida, Laksan (Pelancar BAB) dan Obat Diare
Nama Generik
Risiko Kehamilan
Risiko Menyusui
Cimetidine (Antacid)
B
L2
Cisapride (GI tract stimulant)
C
L2
Domperidone (used for nausea &
L1
vomiting, stimulates lactation)
Cascara/Cascara Sagrada
C
L3
Danthron
NR
Magnesium sulfate

B
L1
Senna
L3
Loperamide
B
L2
Antihistamin
Nama Obat
AAP
Risiko Menyusui**
approved?*
Brompheniramine
not
L3 (moderately safe)
reviewed
Chlorpheniramine
not
L3 (moderately safe)
(Chlor-Trimeton) CTM
reviewed
Cetirizine (Zyrtec)
not
L2 (safer)
reviewed
Dexbrompheniramine
yes
not reviewed
maleate
with d-isoephedrine
Diphenhydramine
not
L2 (safer)
(Benadryl)
reviewed
Doxylamine
not
L4 (possibly hazardous)
reviewed
Fexofenadine (Allegra)
yes
L3 (moderately safe)

Loratadine (Claritin)
yes
L2 (safer)
Terfenadine (Seldane)
yes
not reviewed
Triprolidine (Actidil,
yes
L1 (safest)
Actifed)
Obat Asma, Obat Batuk, dan Spray Hidung
Nama Generik
Kategori Risiko
RisikoMenyusui**
Kehamilan**
Dyphylline
C
L3
Terbutaline
B
L2
Theophylline
C
L3
Risiko Menyusui**
Nama Obat
Codeine
L3 (moderately safe)
Dextromethorphan
L1 (safest)
Guaifenesin
L2 (safer)
Phenylephrine
L3 (moderately safe)
Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed,
L3 (moderately safe) for acute use
Actifed)
L4 (possibly hazardous) for chronic use due to potential for
decreasing milk supply
Beclomethasone (Vanceril,
L2 (safer)
Beclovent, Beconase, Vancenase)
Cromlyn sodium (Nasalcrom)
L1 (safest)
Fluticasone (Flonase)
L3 (moderately safe)
Mometasone (Nasonex)
L3 (moderately safe)
Phenylephrine (in some forms of
L3 (moderately safe)
Sinex and Neo-Synephrine)
Triamcinolone Acetonide
L3 (moderately safe)
(Nasacort)
NSAIDs dan Steroid
Nama Generik
Kategori Risiko Kehamilan**
RisikoMenyusui**
Azapropazone (apazone)
L2
Dipyrone
NR
Flufenamic acid
NR
Ibuprofen
B (1st, 2nd trim.)
L1
D (3rd trim.)
Indomethacin
B (1st, 2nd trim.)
L3
D (3rd trim.)
Ketorolac
B (1st, 2nd trim.)
L2
D (3rd trim.)

Mefenamic acid
NR
Naproxen
B
L3
L4
Phenylbutazone
NR
Piroxicam
B
L2
Suprofen
NR
Tolmetin
C
L3
Methylprednisolone
C
L2
Prednisolone
C
L2
Prednisone
C
L2

ANALGETIK
Nama Obat
Risiko Kehamilan
Risiko Menyusui
Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
B
L1
C (1st, 2nd trim.)
Aspirin
L3
D (3rd trim.)
Azapropazone (Rheumox)
L2
Butalbital (Fioricet, Fiorinal, Bancap, TwoD
L3
dyne)
B (1st, 2nd trim.)
Butorphanol (Stadol)
L3
D (3rd trim.)
Celecoxib (Celebrex))
C
L2
Codeine (in Tylenol #3, #4)
C
L3
Colchicine
D
L4
Diclofenac (Cataflam, Voltaren)
B
L2
Fentanyl (Sublimaze)
B
L2
B (1st, 2nd trim.)
Flurbiprofen (Ansaid, Froben, Ocufen)
L2
C (3rd trim.)
Hydrocodone (Lortab, Vicodin)
B
L3
Hydromorphone(Dilaudid)
C
L3
Ibuprofen (Advil, Nuprin, Motrin,
B (1st, 2nd trim.)
L1
D (3rd trim.)
Pediaprofen)
B (1st, 2nd trim.)
Indomethacin (Indocin)
L3
D (3rd trim.)
B (1st, 2nd trim.)
Ketorolac (Toradol, Acular)
L2
D (3rd trim.)
L2;
Meperidine (Demerol)
B
L3 early postpartum
Methadone (Dolophine)
B
L3
Morphine (Duramorph, Infumorph,
B
L3
Epimorph, MS Contin)
Nalbuphine (Nubain)
B
L2
Naproxen (Anaprox, Naprosyn, Naproxen,
L3;
B
L4 for chronic use
Aleve)

Nefopam (Acupan)
NR
Oxycodone (Tylox, Percodan,Oxycontin,
B
L3
Roxicet, Endocet, Roxiprin, Percocet)
Pentosan polysulfate(Elmiron)
B
L2
Piroxicam (Feldene)
B
L2
Propoxyphene(Darvocet N, Propacet,
C
L2
Darvon)
Secobarbital (Seconal)
D
L3
Tolmetin (Tolectin)
C
L3
Tramadol HCL(Ultram, Ultracet)
C
L3
B (1st, 2nd trim.)
L3
Butorphanol
D (3rd trim.)
C
L3
Codeine
B
L2
Fentanyl
L2
B
Meperidine
L3 (if used early postpartum)
B
L3
Methadone

B
L3
Morphine
C
L2
Propoxyphene