PETROLEUM EXPLORATION
PETROLEUM
Darimana?
UMUM
UMUM
Apa yang harus G & G lakukan:
Eksplore di mana minyak & gas ada
Organic-rich
Source Rock
Thermally Matured
Organic Matter
Oil
UMUM
Geologist perlu
mengetahui :
Generasi & migrasi minyak & gas bumi
Batuan Reservoir
Petroleum
system
Mekanisme perangkap
Habit atau kebiasaan/tempat di mana
minyak & gas bumi ada di dalam
cekungan sedimen
Algae =
Kayu =
Algae
Petroleum System
M
ig
ra
tio
s
Re
oi
v
er
p
Tra
Oil
Water
Source
Sea
l
Anticlinal Trap
(Impermeable
)
Reservoir
Rock
(Porous/Permeable)
Potential
Migration
Route
Source Rock
(Organic Rich)
pemanasan
Gas
Cap
Entrapment
Accumulation
Oil
Water
Seal Rock
Reservoir
Rock
Migration
120 F
Generation
Source Rock
350 F
24803
Petroleum
System:
Source Rock
Spill Point
Migration from
Kitchen
2) Late Generation
Dynamic Entity
Spill Point
Seal Rock
Reservoir Rock (Mudstone)
(Sandstone)
Gas beginning to
displace oil
Displaced oil
accumulates
Gas displaces all
oil
Processes:
Elements:
Generation
Source
Rock
Migration
Migration
Avenue
Trap
Accumulation
and
Preservation
Reservoi
r and
Seal
Petroleum System:
Reservoir
Figure 1.
Figure 2.
Cement
(pink)
Perangkap
(Trap)
Perangkap (Traps)
Struktur: Dip closure, faulted dip closure,
faultenhanced dip
closure, faulted closure
footwall, faulted closure hanging wall
Perangkap Struktur /
Stratigrafi:
ISOLATED
SAND BODY
REEF
Petroleum
System:
Seal/penyeka
t
Petroleum
System:
Migration
Source Rock
oir
v
er
s
Re k
c
Ro
trappe
d
oil &
gas
Petroleum
System:
Akumulas
i
Kebanyakan HC terperangkap di
antiklin,Teridentifikasi di permukaan
dan di extrapolated ke bawah
permukaan
South
North
Perangkap
antiklin
Sealevel
10,000
20,000
30,000
Basemen
t
GEOPHYSIC EVALUATION
Magnetic
Gravity
Seismic
Survey
Manufacture
Interpretation
CORE&CUTTING ANALISYS
Paleontologi
Petrography
Porosity
Permeability
Geochemical
evaluation
Source rock
TOC& type
Mature
Drilling data(ROP,Cutting,Mud)
Migration
Isochron map
Structure map
Facies map
Oil play
Exploration drilling
(NFW)
Dry
Hole
Discovery
Hole
Field Development
Pencarian Minyak
Bumi
PnA
Production
Kegiatan Pengeboran
sumur pengembangan yang
mana telah diketahui
(dihitung) cadangan
migasnya, Keekonomiannya
sehingga areal tsb. dapat
dieksploitasi
Kegiatan (Pengembangan),
Pempipaan (Transportasi
Migas), Penampungan,
Pengapalan (Penjualan).
USULAN PEMBORAN
EKSPLORASI
PEMBORAN
EKSPLORASI
INTERPRETASI SEISMIK 2D / 3D
Potensi Cekungan
basin
basin
Pemetaan Geologi
Permukaan
Survei Geofisika
Seismik 2D
Gravity &
Magnetic
Seismik
PROCESSED SEISMIC
SECTION
Geophone`
GAS
MINYAK
AIR
BATUAN SEDIMEN
LAPISAN PELAPUKAN
BATU
AN T
U DU
NG
BATU
AN R
E SER
VO IR
BATU
AN IN
DUK
LINTASAN
TITIK-TITIK
LINTASAN
ALAT PEREKAM TEMBAK ALAT PEREKAM
Seismik 3D
GEOPHONES
PROCESSED
3D SEISMIC CUBE
BATUAN TUDUNG
GAS
MINYAK
AIR
BATUAN RESERVOIR
BATUAN INDUK
BATUAN LANDAS
erosion
Integrasi Data
Interbedded off-axis
facies
Channel margin
facies
10m
Data Seismik
Model Geologi
Hasil Interpretasi
Aggradational
channel margin
drape
Prospek
Teknologi Penunjang
OPERASI PEMBORAN /
EKSPLOITASI
1. Hoist attachment
2. Derrick (mast)
3. Traveling block
4. Hook
5. Injection head
6. Mud injection column
7. Turntable driving the drilling pipes
8. Winches
9. Motors
10. Mud pump
11. Mud pit
12. Drilling pipe
13. Cement retaining the casing
14. Casing
15. Drill string
16. Drilling tool
emi submersible
Dessert
Jungle
Mountain
Drillship
Jackup
Arctic
EVALUASI HASIL
PEMBORAN
Untuk mengetahui zona minyak
Wireline logging
Well Testing
Zona Minyak
3800 SD
3809 (-3662)
Evaluasi Log
15 Prob. Oil
Wireline Logging
3860 SD
3864 (-3717)
Perforasi
Produksi
SIKLUS KEGIATAN
EKSPLOITASI
PENGEBORAN
PENAMPUNGAN
PEMPIPAAN
(TRANSPORASI)
PENGAPALAN
Proses Destilasi
Proses Destilasi 2
Cadangan Dunia
Cadangan Dunia
Cadangan Dunia
Pengguna
Dimana Indonesia?
Potensi Indonesia
DOING
SEKIAN
&
TERIMA KASIH