ANTENA DIPOLE

ANTENA DIPOLE
ANTENA DIPOLE
Antena dipole dalam beberapa aspek mirip
dengan saluran transmisi yang open circuit.
Antena yang termasuk tertua, paling
sederhana, paling murah dan banyak
aplikasinya.

Macam-macam antena Dipole

Ada beberapa macam antena dipole yaitu :
Half wave Dipole
Short Dipole Antenna
Antena Biconical
Cylindrical Antenna
Bow Tie Antenna
Folded Dipole Antena
Antena Monopole
Antena Loop

Dipole Gelombang
Half-wave
Dipole
a. Current
distribution
b. Radiation
pattern

Dipole Gelombang (samb)

Distribusi arus pada antena dipole 1/2 gelombang yang
tipis dapat didekati dengan gelombang berdiri sinus
dengan arus.

Dipole Gelombang (samb)

E field Lines of a Half-Wave

Dipole

t 0

1
t T
8

E field Lines of a Half-Wave

Dipole

1
t T
4

3
t T
8

Short Dipole Antenna

Antena dipole pendek digunakan pada frekuensi
rendah ketika besar. Konduktor linear pendek
sering disebut dipole pendek.
+q

L <<
L >> d
I
-q
Saluran Transmisi

rangkaian ekivalen

Short Dipole Antenna (samb)

Short Dipole Antenna (samb)

Beberapa karakteristik Dipole

Antenna

Dipole
/2
vs. Ideal & Short Dipoles

Note: For an antenna of length L, that carriers an

axial uniform current
2a

Rohmic

L
Rs
2a

Surface resistance

Rs

; 2f
2

L
frequency

Biconical Antenna
Antena ini banyak
digunakan untuk antena
mobil.
Berdasarkan Schelkunoff:
E = C+ e -jk0 r + C- e jk0 r
r sin
r sin
H = C+ Y0 e -jk0 r - C-YO e jk0 r
r sin
r sin
Zc = 120 ln cot 0/2

Cylindrical Antenna
Perbandingan Biconical
Antenna dengan
Cylindrical Antenna:
Mudah difabrikasi
dibandingkan biconical
antenna
Bandwidth biconical lebih
lebar (wide-angle)

Bow Tie Antenna

Simple antenna to cover the UHF TV Channels (freq 450 900 MHz)

Folded Dipole Antena

Antena ini banyak digunakan sebagai antena TV

Daya pancarnya : Pr = 4x36,56 lo2
Resistansi Radiasi : Ra = 4x73,13 = 292,5

Folded Dipole Antena (samb)

a. The Folded dipole antenna
b. Even Excitation
c. Odd Excitation

Antena Monopole (Grounded Dipole)

Antena monopole merupakan setengah dari
antena dipole yang berada di atas permukaan
bumi
Banyak digunakan untuk :
* siaran komersial pada AM-band (500-1500 KHz)
* pelayanan komunikasi land mobile
Antena monopole terdiri dari 1/2 antena dipole
yang diletakkan di atas bumi (biasanya di
menara)dengan menggunakan 1/4 panjang
gelombang(quarter wave antenna).
Resistansi radiasi ideal = 36,56

Antena Monopole(samb)

Antena Monopole(samb)
A monopole antenna with
four radial arm ground
screen
Ground Screen digunakan
untuk menghindari power
loss karena konduktivitas
pentanahan yang buruk

Antennas above a Perfect

Ground Plane
Image Theory & Monopole

In many practical situations, antennas are mounted on

ground planes
Antenna

Ground
plane

Antenna

Ground
plane

In practice, ground planes are metallic finite size and may

not be planar
A useful approximation that allows the application of image
theory is to assume that the ground plane is infinite in
extend and perfectly conducting (P.E.C)
Antenna
P.E.C

Infinite ground plane

Antennas above a Perfect

Ground Plane
Image Theory & Monopole
Image theory allows one to
create equivalent known
problem

monopole
antenna

P.E.C

Equivalent

Infinite ground plane

dipole

In the upper hemisphere, monopole creates exactly the

same electromagnetic fields as the dipole
Ideal
monopole

Dmono

Rr ,mono

4
A,mono

4
1
A,dipole
2

2 Ddipole

1
2 h 2
Rr ,dipole 40 ( )
2

Directivity of a
monopole is
twice of dipole

Length of monopole

Antena Loop
Antena Loop ini terdiri dari berbagai konfigurasi
namun karena konstruksi dan kesederhanaan dalam
analisis, loop berbentuk lingkaran paling populer dan
menarik perhatian untuk ditelaah.
Disini diasumsi loop antena
ekivalen dengan dipole pendek
dalam menganalisa daerah E
dan H -nya.
Pada antena loop, medan yang
ada E dan H
E = 0 dan Er = 0
H = 0 dan Hr = 0

Antena Loop (samb)

Small Loop Antennas

Small loop
antennas :
Perimeter

, uniform time varying current

It turns out that the radiation fields of small loops

are independent of the shape of the loop and
depend only on the area of the loop

Vector potential :

current along the loop

j r

e j r
e
jr ' r
jr ' r
A
Je
dv'
Ie
dc'

4r V '
4r C
along the loop

Note : It appears to be easier to construct A for the

square loop

Small Loop Antennas

Square Loop
z

Small square loop can be thought of

as combination of 4 ideal dipoles.

A small xA1 y A2 xA3 yA4

square

or

Il e jR1 e jR3

Ax

4 R1
R3
Il e jR2 e jR4

Ay

4 R2
R4

#4

#3

#1

R1

#2

x
Far field
approximatio
l
R1 r sin sin
n:

for amplitude term:

R1 R2 R3 R4 R

for
phase
term :

2
l
R3 r sin sin
2
l
R2 r sin cos
2
l
R4 r sin cos
2

Small Loop Antennas

Square Loop
Then :

Ile jr j (l / 2 ) sin sin

Ax
e
e j (l / 2 ) sin sin
4r
2l

Recall : sin

Finally :

for small l
(l )
1 j
( e e j )

2j

Ile jr l

Ax 2 j
sin
sin sin
4r
2

j r
Ile
l

Ay 2 j
sin
sin cos
4r
2

l
sin cos
2

j r

Ie
2

A
x

A
y

l
sin ( sin x cos y )
x
y
or :
4r
j r

Ie
E & H fields : E jA
E 2 S
sin
4r
2
Note : S l (area of loop)
j r
1

Ie
2
H r E S
sin
2 2

4r

Small Loop Vs. Ideal

Dipole
z Ideal magnetic

Loop
area S

Im

dipole along z
axis

Define

x small loop in xx I m z jIS

y plane
e j r
E jI m z
sin
4r
e j r
H j I m z
sin
4r
HP 90 o
8
3
3
D or 1.75dB
2

S
ohm
2

Rr 80 2

Ideal dipole
along z axis

e j r
E jIz
sin
4r
e jr
H j Iz
sin
4r
HP 90 o
8
A
3
3
D or 1.75dB
2
2

z
Rr 80
ohm

2