KOD KLASIFIKASI

TAJUK
TUJUAN
ARAHAN
TUGASAN

PERGERAKAN DAN SOKONGAN

Menamakan tulang-tulang yang membentuk rangka paksi dan rangka apendaj
pada sistem rangka manusia
Lenkkapkan yang berikut.

Diagram below shows three types of vertebrae.

Rajah di bawah menunjukkan tiga jenis vertebra.

Diagram/Rajah
(a) Name the vertebrae.
Namakan vertebra berikut.
P: _______________________
Q: _______________________
R: ________________________
[3 marks/3 markah]
(b) What is the correct position of the vertebrae in the vertebral column below the skull?
Apakah kedudukan yang betul vertebra dalam ruang vertebra di bawah tengkorak?
[1 mark/1 markah]
(c)
i. Which part of vertebra P is not found in the other vertebrae which shown above? Mark it with X and
name it.
Bahagian manakah di vertebra P tidak ditemui di vertebra yang lain yang ditunjukkan di atas?
Tandakan sebagai X dan namakan.
[2 marks/2 markah]
ii. What is the function of the part you named in (c) i?
Apakah fungsi bahagian anda yang dinamakan dalam (c)i?

[1 mark/1 markah]

KOD KLASIFIKASI

JAWAPAN

(a) P: Cervical vertebrae

P: Vertebra serviks
Q: Lumbar vertebrae
Q: Vertebra lumbar
R: Thoracic vertebrae
R: Vertebra toraks
(b) P R Q
(c) i. Transverse foramen
Foramen melintang
ii. For the blood vessels and nerves to pass through
Untuk salur darah dan saraf melaluinya
SUMBER BAHAN :SNS 2012
PENYEDIA BAHAN: WWJH

TAJUK

PERGERAKAN DAN SOKONGAN

KOD KLASIFIKASI
TUJUAN
Menerangkan bagaimana sokongan diperolehi dalam tumbuhan
ARAHAN
Jawab soalan-soalan berikut
TUGASAN
Diagram below shows the transverse sections of the stems of two plants, X and Y.
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan keratan rentas batang bagi dua tumbuhan, X dan Y.

DIAGRAM / RAJAH
(i) Name tissue R and tissue S.
Namakan tisu R dan tisu S.
R: __________________________________________________________________________________
S: __________________________________________________________________________________
[2 marks/2 markah]
(ii) State the habitats of plant X and plant Y.
Nyatakan habitat bagi tumbuhan X dan tumbuhan Y.
X: _________________________________________________________________________________
Y: __________________________________________________________________________________
[2 marks/2 markah]
(iii Explain the reasons for your answers in (b).
) Terangkan sebab bagi jawapan anda di (b).
X: __________________________________________________________________________________
Y: __________________________________________________________________________________
[2 marks/2 markah]
(iv)Explain how tissue R and tissue S give support to stem X.
Terangkan bagaimana tisu R dan tisu S memberi sokongan kepada batang X.
R: __________________________________________________________________________________
S: __________________________________________________________________________________
[4 marks/4 markah]
JAWAPAN

KOD KLASIFIKASI
(i) R: Parenchyma/Parenkima
S: Xylem/Xilem
(ii) X: Terrestrial/Daratan
Y: Aquatic/Akuatik
(iii) X: Has more xylem tissue to provide support against bending stress produced by wind
Mempunyai tisu xilem yang memberi sokongan menentang tekanan lenturan yang dihasilkan
oleh angin
Y: Has large and numerous intercellular space to provide water buoyancy
Mempunyai ruang antara sel yang besar dan banyak untuk memberikan daya apungan air
(iv) R: The water content of the thin-walled parenchyma cells provide turgid support.
Kandungan air pada sel parenkima yang berdinding nipis menyediakan sokongan kesegahan.
S: The rigidity of the thickened cell wall. Xylem provides mechanical support.
Kesegahan dinding sel yang tebal. Xilem menyediakan sokongan mekanikal.
SUMBER BAHAN :SNS 2012
PENYEDIA BAHAN: WWJH

TAJUK
TUJUAN
ARAHAN

KONSEP PENGANGKUTAN BAHAN DI DALAM TUMBUHAN

Menghuraikan laluan air dari tanah ke daun
Jawab soalan-soalan berikut

Diagram 1.1 shows the movement of water from the roots to the leaves and out to the atmosphere.

KOD KLASIFIKASI
Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan pergerakan air dari akar ke daun dan keluar ke atmosfera.

Air menyejat
Tindakan

Air diserap oleh

akar

Diagram 1.1 / Rajah 1.1

(a) Based on Diagram 1.1, describe the movement of water from roots to the leaves. [10 marks]
Berdasarkan rajah 1.1, terangkan pergerakan air dari akar ke daun.

Able to describe the movement of water from root to the leaf which aided by :
1. Root pressure
2. Capillary action
3. Transpirational pull
Sample answer:
Root pressure
P1: The cell sap of root hair (usually) hypertonic to the surrounding soil solution
P2: Water diffuses into the root by osmosis.

KOD KLASIFIKASI
P3: (As they absorb more water by osmosis), a cell sap becomes more dilute compared to
neighbouring cells.
P4: Water (therefore) moves to these adjacent cells which become more diluted themselves, so
osmosis continues across the cortex
P5: (At the same time), ions from the soil are actively secreted into the xylem vessels and this causes
osmotic pressure to increase
P6: Water flows continuously into the xylem and this create a pressure known as root pressure
P7: Root pressure gives an initial upward force to water and mineral ions in the xylem vessels
Capillary action
P8 : Water moves up through the xylem in the stems by capillarity (with is the upward movement of a
fluid in a narrow bore tube)
P9: Capillary action is due to combined force of cohesion (water molecule have attraction for each
other) and adhesion (water molecules are attracted to the side of the vessels)
P10: Water molecule form a continuous water column in the xylem vessel (due to cohesion and
adhesion force enable water to move up along the xylem vessels)
P11: (As water is pulled upwards) the cohesion of water (which is due to hydrogen bonding holds the
water molecule together) prevent the water column in the xylem breaking apart
P12: (At the same time) the adhesion of the water (to the wall of the xylem vessel and tracheids)
prevents gravity from pulling the water down the column
Transpirational pull
P13: The lost of water from the mesophyll cells during transpiration is replaces by water which flows
in from the xylem vessels in the leaves
P14: This creates a tension / suction force in the water column because water has cohesive properties
called transpiration pull
P15: The transpiration pull draws water from the xylem in the leaves/stems/roots.
P16: The continuous flow of water through the plant is known as the transpiration stream
[max: 10 m]
SUMBER BAHAN :SNS 2012
PENYEDIA BAHAN: WWJH

TAJUK
TUJUAN
ARAHAN

Mensintesiskan konsep sistem limfa

Mengkonsepsikan hubungan antara sistem limfa dengan sistem peredaran
darah.
Jawab soalan-soalan berikut

(b) Diagram 1.2 shows part of the blood circulatory system and the lymphatic system in the human body.
Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan bahagian dalam sistem peredaran darah dan sistem limfa dalam badan
manusia.

KOD KLASIFIKASI

Diagram 1.2/ Rajah 1.2

(i)

Explain the differences between the composition of fluid P and fluid Q. [4 marks]
Terangkan perbezaan diantara komposisi bendalir P dan bendalir Q.

(ii)

Describe how fluid Q is formed from blood until it is brought back into the blood circulatory
system. [6 marks]
Terangkan bagaimana bendalir Q terhasil dari darah sehingga kembali ke sistem peredaran darah.

(b)
(i)
Able to explain the diffrences of composition fluid P and fluid Q
Sample answer:
F1: Fluid Q/lymph has a larger numbers of lymphocyte compare to fluid P/blood
P1: lymphocyte is produced by the lymph nodes in lymph system
F2: Fluid Q/lymph has lower contents of oxygen compare to fluid P/blood
P2: oxygen has been used up by the cell
[max: 4 m]

KOD KLASIFIKASI
(ii)
Able to describe how lymph is formed from blood until it is brought back into the blood circulatory system.
Sample Answer :
P1: (When the blood flows from arteries into capillaries)there is higher hydrostatic pressure at the
arterial end of the capillaries
P2: (This high pressure) forces some plasma to pass through the capillary walls into the intercellular
spaces (between the cells)
P3: Once the fluid leaves the capillary walls, it is called interstitial/tissue fluid // The interstitial fluid
fills the spaces between the cells and constantly bathes the cells
P4: 90% of the interstitial fluid diffuses back into blood capillary
P5: 10% of the interstitial fluid that has not been reabsorbed into the bloodstream goes into the
lymph capillaries.(Once inside the lymph capillaries) the fluid is known as lymph.
P6: The lymph capillaries unite to form larger lymphatic vessels.
P7: From the lymphatic vessels, lymph eventually passes into the thoracic duct/the right lymphatic duct.
P8:The thoracic duct empties its lymph into the right subclavian vein. (Hence, lymph drains back into
the blood).
[max: 6 m]
SUMBER BAHAN :SNS 2012
PENYEDIA BAHAN: WWJH

TAJUK
TUJUAN
ARAHAN
TUGASAN

Nutrisi
Melabel sistem percernaan bahan kompleks
Jawab soalan-soalan berikut

Diagram below shows part of the human digestive system.

Rajah di bawah menunjukkan sebahagian daripada sistem pencernaan manusia.

KOD KLASIFIKASI

DIAGRAM / RAJAH
(a) Name the parts labelled from P to S in Diagram above.
Namakan bahagian yang berlabel dari P hingga S dalam Rajah di atas. [2 marks/2 markah]
(b) Which of the parts labelled from P to S secretes...
Bahagian manakah yang berlabel dari P hingga S yang merembeskan...
(i) enzyme amylase:
enzim amilase

(ii) enzyme pepsin:

enzim pepsin

Jawapan :
(a) P : Liver
Q : Pancreas
R : Stomach
S : Small intestine

[2 marks/2 markah]

KOD KLASIFIKASI
(b) (i) Q
(ii) R

SUMBER BAHAN :SNS 2012

PENYEDIA BAHAN: WWJH

TAJUK
TUJUAN
ARAHAN
TUGASAN

Nutrisi
Melukis dan melabel struktur vilus, mengenal pasti bahagian dalam sistem
percernaan
Jawab soalan-soalan berikut

(c) Complete Table below below.

KOD KLASIFIKASI
Lengkapkan Jadual di bawah di bawah.

TABLE / JADUAL
[3 marks/3 markah]
(d) (i) Desribe two characteristics of ileum that help it to absorb the products of digestion.
Terangkan dua ciri ileum yang membantunya menyerap hasil pencernaan.
1. _________________________________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________________________________
[2 marks/2 markah]
(ii) Draw a labelled diagram to show the structure of the wall of ileum.
Lukiskan rajah berlabel untuk menunjukkan struktur dinding ileum.

[2 marks/2 markah]
(e) State one function of liver in food digestion.
Berikan satu fungsi hati dalam pencernaan makanan.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark/1 markah]

Jawapan :
(c)

KOD KLASIFIKASI

(d) (i) 1. Has only a single layer of cells

2. Long and folded to increase the surface area
(ii)

(e) P secretes bile containing bile salts to emulsify fats into small droplets.
SUMBER BAHAN :SNS 2012
PENYEDIA BAHAN: WWJH

TAJUK
TUJUAN
ARAHAN
TUGASAN

PERGERAKAN DAN SOKONGAN

Memelihara sistem otot rangka manusia.
Jawab soalan-soalan berikut

Good posture is one way of maintaining a healthy musculoskeletal system.

Postur yang baik adalah salah satu cara untuk mengekalkan sistem muskuloskeletal yang sihat.

KOD KLASIFIKASI

a) Based on the above statement, explain the ways of maintaining a healthy musculoskeletal system by
having correct posture when
Berdasarkan kenyataan di atas, terangkan cara-cara mengekalkan sistem muskuloskeletal yang sihat
dengan mempunyai postur yang betul semasa

i) sitting/ duduk
ii) standing/ berdiri
iii) lifting heavy weights from the ground/ mengangkat benda yang berat dari lantai
(10 marks/ 10 markah)

a) The correct posture while sitting/ Postur yang betul semasa duduk
-

Sit up straight with the back on the chair and the hips well up against the back of the chair/ Duduk
tegak dengan bahagian belakang bersandar di kerusi dan punggung di depan penyandar kerusi

KOD KLASIFIKASI
Do not slouch as theis places weight on the curved back and the back of the hips/ Jangan kebungkukan
kerana ini akan membebankan bahagian belakang yang melengkung dan bahagian punggung.
(2 marks/ 2 markah)

The correct posture while standing/ Postur yang betul semasa berdiri.
-

The head, backbone, hips and legs should be aligned in a straight line./ Kepala, tulang belakang,
punggung dan kaki perlu sejajar dalam garis lurus.
- The person is well balanced with his feet planted firmly on the ground/ Orang itu adalah seimbang dengan
kakinya diletak rapi di atas tanah
In this position, the muscles carry little weight and keep the body balanced./ Dalam kedudukan ini, otot
menaggung berat badan yang sedikit dan keseimbangan badan dikekalkan.
(3 marks/ 3 markah)

The correct posture while lifting heavy weight from the ground/ Postur yang betul semasa
mengangkat bedan yang berat dari lantai.
-

When lifting heavy objects, squat with the arms extended out straight to the object/ Apabila
mengangkat bend yang berat, tangan dilanjutkan lurus ke benda tersebut
Bend the knees and place the heavy weight between the thighs. Bengkokkan lutut dan letakkan
benda yang berat tersebut di antara paha.
Try to keep the load close to the centre of the body./ Cuba untuk memastikan benda tersebut dekat
dengan pusat badan.
Lift the weight gradually without jerking./Angkat benda tersebut dengan perlahan tanpa lonjakan.
As the objects is being lifted up ,the thorax and abdomen should be straight and upright/ Apabila
Benda tersebut telah diangkat, toraks dan abdomen harus lurus dan tegak
(5 marks/ 5 markah)

SUMBER BAHAN :SNS 2012

PENYEDIA BAHAN: WWJH

TAJUK
TUJUAN
ARAHAN
TUGASAN

PERGERAKAN DAN SOKONGAN

Menerangkan secara ringkas mekanisme pergerakan pada haiwan.
Jawab soalan-soalan berikut

KOD KLASIFIKASI

Diagram shows a bird can fly with its wings. Describe the mechanism of locomotion of a bird flying.
Rajah menunjukkan burung boleh terbang dengan sayapnya. Huraikan mekanisme pergerakan burung
terbang.
(10 marks/ 10 markah)

b)- Birds fly either by flapping their wings or gliding./ Burung terbang sama ada oleh mengepak sayap
mereka atau meluncur
(2 marks/ 2 markah)
- When the bird is moving its wing downwards, the pectoralis major which is large and strong
contracts./ Apabila burung mengerak sayapnya ke bawah, pectoralis major yang besar dan kuat
akan mengecut.
(1 marks/ 1 markah)

KOD KLASIFIKASI
- The air resistance produce as a result of moving the wings down provide on upthrust on the wings./
Rintangan udara yang dihasilkan daripada pergerakan sayap ke bawah telah mengadakan tujahan
pada sayap..
(1 marks/ 1 markah)
- The thrust is transmitted from the wings to the coracoid until the sternum./ Daya tujahan disalur
dari sayap ke coracoid sehingga sternum.
(1 marks/ 1 markah)
- As a result the whole body is lifted up./ Hasilnya seluruh badan diangkat.
(1 marks/ 1 markah)
- When gliding the wings act as an aerofoil./ Apabila meluncur sayap bertindak sebagai aerofoil. .
(1 marks/ 1 markah)
- The flow of air above the wings is faster compare with the flow of air below the wing./ Aliran udara
di atas sayap lebih cepat berbanding dengan aliran udara di bawah sayap .
(1 marks/ 1 markah)
- This results in a low pressure on the upper surface and a higher pressure on lower surface/ Ini
mengakibatkan tekanan di permukaan atas sayap menjadi lebih rendah daripada tekanan di
permukaan bawah sayap.
(1 marks/ 1 markah)
- hence an upward thrust is produced below the wings to lift the bird up into the air./ Maka daya
menaik dihasilkan di bawah sayap untuk mengangkat burung ke udara.
(1 marks/ 1 markah)
SUMBER BAHAN :SNS 2012
PENYEDIA BAHAN: WWJH

TAJUK
TUJUAN
ARAHAN
TUGASAN

Nutrisi
Menerangkan bagaimana tumbuhan drpd habitat yang berbeza menyesuaikan
diri utk menjalankan fotosintesis
Jawab soalan-soalan berikut

Diagram 1 shows green plants found in the desert. Diagram 2 shows an aquatic plant.
Rajah di 1 menunjukkan tumbuhan hijau yang didapati di padang pasir. Rajah 2 menunjukkan satu tumbuhan akuatik.

KOD KLASIFIKASI

Diagram 1/Rajah 1

Diagram 2/Rajah 2

(i) Based on the diagrams shown above, explain how the plants are adapted to carry out photosynthesis optimally.
Berdasarkan rajah yang ditunjukkan di atas, terangkan bagaimana tumbuhan tersebut mengadaptasi untuk
menjalankan fotosintesis secara optimum.
[16 marks/markah]

Jawapan

KOD KLASIFIKASI
a) i. Diagram 1

Diagram 2

SUMBER BAHAN :SNS 2012

PENYEDIA BAHAN: WWJH

TAJUK
TUJUAN
ARAHAN

Nutrisi
Mengenal pasti faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar fotosintesis
Jawab soalan-soalan berikut

TUGASAN

KOD KLASIFIKASI

The graph in Diagram below shows how the rates of photosynthesis of a plant (at high light intensity and low light
intensity) change with temperature.
Graf pada Rajah di bawah menunjukkan bagaimana kadar fotosintesis satu tumbuhan (pada keamatan cahaya
yang tinggi dan keamatan cahaya yang rendah) berubah dengan suhu.

Based on Diagram above, explain the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis at high light intensity
and low light intensity.
Berdasarkan Rajah di atas, terangkan kesan suhu ke atas kadar fotosintesis pada keamatan cahaya yang tinggi
dan keamatan cahaya yang rendah.
[4 marks/markah]

Jawapan

KOD KLASIFIKASI
Photosynthesis is an enzyme-catalysed process. [1 m]
At high light intensity, the rate of photosynthesis increases from 0C and peaks at 30C. The rate
of photosynthesis does not increase as light intensity has become a limiting factor. [1 m]
The rate of photosynthesis decreases after 30 C due to the denaturation of the enzymes involved
in photosynthesis. [1 m]
At low light intensity, the rate of photosynthesis is much lower, but still varies like the rate of
photosynthesis at high light intensity. [1 m]
SUMBER BAHAN :SNS 2012
PENYEDIA BAHAN: WWJH