Makroskopis
I.
A.
ANATOMI SUPERFISIAL
Proyeksi permukaan jantung
Jantung dan pembuluh darah besar berada kira-kira di tengah thorax. Batas jantung berbedabeda dan bergantung pada ukuran jantung, posisi diaphragma, dan bentuk tubuh.
Garis bentuk jantung seperti tampak pada Gambar 1 dapat dilacak pada permukaan anterior thorax
dengan menggunakan panduan berikut:
1. Batas superior: Garis yang menghubungkan batas
inferior costae II sinistra dengan batas superior
costae III dextra
2. Batas kanan: Garis yang ditarik dari costae III dextra
dengan costae VI dextra, konveks ke kanan.
3. Batas inferior: garis yang ditarik dari ujung inferior
batas kanan sampai ICS V di Mid Clavicular Line
(MCL) sinistra.
4. Batas kiri: garis yang menghubungkan ujung kiri
batas superior dan inferior
B.
()
Catatan / Gambar
Mediastinum
Mediastinum superior:
1.
V. brachiocephalica (sin/dex)
2.
V. cava superior
3.
Arcus v. azygos
4.
A. brachiochephalica
b)
c)
A. subclavia sinistra
5.
N. vagus
6.
N. phrenicus (sin/dex)
7.
Trachea
8.
Esophagus
9.
Mediastinum inferior
Mediastinum anterior:
1.
Dewasa: lemak
2.
Jantung
Mediastinum posterior:
1.
esophagus
2.
N. vagus
3.
4.
aorta thoracica
5.
A. pulmonalis (sin/dex)
6.
V. pulmonalis
7.
V. azygos
8.
V. hemiazygos
Cabang-cabang aorta:
Arcus aortae
1.
Truncus brachiocephalica
b) A. subclavia dextra 1
a) A. carotis externa
cabang-cabangnya.
b) A. carotis interna
Aorta pars descendens
Aorta pars thoracica
1.
A. intercostalis (sin/dex)
2.
A. mesenterica superior
3.
A. mesenterica inferior
Berpasangan:
1.
A. suprarenalis media
2.
A. renalis
3.
Male: A. testicularis
4.
Female: A. ovarica
A. iliaca communis
a) A. iliaca interna
b) A. iliaca externa2
cabang-cabangnya.
Vena:
1.
2.
V. brachiocephalica (sin/dex)
a) V. jugularis interna
b) V. jugularis externa
3.
V. azygos
a) V. intercostalis dextra
b) V. hemiazygos
V. hemiazygos
accesoria
4.
III.
V. intercostalis sinistra
Struktur
()
Catatan / Gambar
Jantung
A.
basis cordis
2.
apex cordis
3.
margo acutus
4.
margo obtusus
5.
facies sternocostalis
6.
facies diaphragmatica
7.
auricula dextra
8.
auricula sinistra
9.
marginalis dextra
b) v. cordis parva
10. sulcus interventricularis /
longitudinalis anterior, dilalui oleh:
a)
b) v. cordis magna
11. sulcus interventricularis /
longitudinalis posterior, dilalui oleh:
a)
b) v. cordis media
12. sulcus coronarius (sisi posterior),
dilalui oleh:
a) ramus circumflexa a. coronaria
sinistra
b) sinus coronarius
B. Anatomi internal
Atrium dextra
1.
crista terminalis
sulcus terminalis
2.
musculi pectinati
3.
fossa ovalis
4.
5.
6.
a) cuspis anterior
b) cuspis posterior
c) cuspis septalis
2.
3.
4.
musculus papillaris
5.
trabeculae carneae
6.
chordae tendineae
Atrium sinistra
1.
musculi pectinati
2.
ostium v. pulmonalis
Ventriculus sinistra
1.
a) cuspis anterior
b) cuspis posterior
2.
m. papillaris
3.
trabeculae carneae
4.
chordae tendineae
5.
valvula aortae
Vena
1.
Sinus coronarius
2.
V. cordis parva
3.
V. cordis magna
4.
V. cordis media
5.
6.
V. marginalis sinistra
7.
V. marginalis dextra
(Tampak dorsal)
TUGAS MANDIRI:
Identifikasi struktur berikut:
Gambar 2 (tampak anterior):
1
1.
7
2.
3.
4.
4
5.
8
9
6
6.
7.
8.
10
9.
10.
10
11.
12.
13.
11
12
13
17.
18.
14
16
17
18
11
12
Mikroskopis
The walls of all blood vessels, except the capillaries, are composed of three layers: the tunica externa,
tunica media, and tunica intima. The layers of the vessel vary with its function.
Arteries are thick-walled vessels with large amounts of elastic bers. The walls of the arterioles, which
control blood pressure, have large amounts of smooth muscle. Veins are thin-walled, distensible, and
collapsible vessels. Venous ow is designed to return blood to the heart. Capillaries are single-cellthick vessels
designed for the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste materials.
The heart is a four-chambered muscular pump that lies in the pericardial sac within the mediastinal
space of the intrathoracic cavity. The wall of the heart is composed of an outer epicardium, which lines the
pericardial cavity; a brous skeleton; the myocardium, or muscle layer; and the smooth endocardium, which
lines the chambers of the heart. The four heart valves control the direction of blood ow.
TASK :
Give a brief summary for Vessels Classification (on the following table), based on your findings in practical
session and the lesson you acquired. Draw your microscopic observation, too.
Collect your worksheet ! (Dont worry, youll get it back.)
13
Kelas :
ORGANS
Tunica
intima
Tunica
media
tunica
adventitia
GAMBAR
(figure)
Elastic
artery
or
Conducting
artery
Muscular
artery
or
distributing
artery
Medium
14
ORGANS
Tunica
intima
Tunica
media
tunica
adventitia
GAMBAR
Small
Arteriole
Capillary
15
ORGANS
Tunica
intima
Tunica
media
tunica
adventitia
GAMBAR
venule
veins
Heart
16