Kata Pengantar
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Kata Pengantar
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Simple English Learning
Daftar Isi
Kata Pengantar................................................. i
Daftar Isi ...................................................... iii
VERBAL SENTENCES........................................... 1
SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE .................................. 1
PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE .......................... 4
SIMPLE PAST TENSE....................................... 6
PRESENT FUTURE TENSE................................. 8
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE............................... 11
PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE .............................. 14
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE .............. 17
PAST PERFECT TENSE ................................... 19
PAST FUTURE TENSE .................................... 20
NOMINAL SENTENCES ........................................ 21
Simple Present Tense .............................. 21
Simple Continuous Tense.......................... 21
Simple Past Tense .................................. 22
Present Future Tense .............................. 22
Present Perfect Tense ............................. 22
PASSIVE VOICE................................................ 24
Simple Present Tense .............................. 24
Present Continuous Tense......................... 24
Simple Past Tense .................................. 24
Present Future Tense .............................. 25
Present Perfect Tense ............................. 25
AUXILIARY SENTENCE........................................ 27
DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH............................. 29
1. Statement ........................................... 29
2. Question (pertanyaan)............................. 30
3. Command (Perintah) ............................... 31
CLAUSES ....................................................... 34
1. Adjective Clause.................................... 34
2. Noun Clause ......................................... 36
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Daftar Isi
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Simple English Learning
VERBAL SENTENCES
Reading
Many children like to keep animals as pets. The
young boy puts his rabbits back into their cage.
Rabbits are friendly and fun to play with. Children who
have pets must learn to take care of them. They must
be sure that the pets has food and water everyday
and clean warm place to live.
(Taken from: Animals Helping People)
Difficult word:
Pet : binatang kesayangan
Friendly : jinak (jika dipakai untuk hewan)
Cage : kandang
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Simple Present Tense
Formula:
(+) S + V1/V1+s/es + O
(-) S + do/does + V1 + O
(?) do/does + S + V1 + O ?
Q.word + do/does + V1 + O ?
Example :
¾ Many children like to keep animals as pets.
¾ The young boy puts his rabbits back into their
cage.
Catatan :
Imbuhan s/es pada verb atau auxiliary
diperuntukkan bagi kalimat yang menggunakan
subjek berkata ganti/berupa to be: He – she – it.
Dialogue
A Poor Cat
A : Look! There is little cat under that mangoes
tree. It`s look cold.
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Simple English Learning
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Present Continuous Tense
Formula
(+) S + is/am/are + V1+ing + O
(-) S + is/am/are + not + V1+ing + O
(?) is/am/are + S + V1+ing + O ?
Q.word + is/am/are + S + V1+ing + O ?
Examples:
Æ Listen to her! She is reading the Holy Qur’an
now.
Æ When are you going to see that doctor?
Æ How about him? He is getting well.
Adverb of Time yang biasa digunakan dalam bentuk ini
adalah :
Now (sekarang), at this time dan at this moment (saat ini).
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Simple English Learning
Reading
Dad was very proud of his corn patch in the
back yard. We think he counted the ears of corn
every day. One day some ears were missing. He told
mother that she was picking the corn too green. But
she said she hadn’t gathered any any yet. Dad asked
me about it, but I hadn’t taken any. Nexy day more
corn was gone. The boys next door were blamed, but
they said they hadn’t been near the patch. Again more
corn was stolen. The family were puzzled. Dad
promised a dollar to the one who solved the mystery.
The next morning Dad yelled, “There goes the corn
thief!” we looked out and saw a squirrel making of with
an ear of corn from the patch.
Difficult word :
Pick : memetik Next door : tetangga
Gathered : mengumpulkan Squirrel : bajing, tupai
Blamed : disalahkan Make of with : mencuri
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Simple Past Tense
Reading
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Simple English Learning
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Present Future Tense
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Simple English Learning
Reading
LITTLE AMBULANCE
“Quick ! Out of the way !” shouts little
ambulance to all the cars.
“Please let me pass”.
“Nah-nah! Nah-nah!” goes her sirene all the
cars move aside as little ambulance rushes past. Little
ambulance reaches Tommy’s house. Tommy tortoise is
very ill. He needs to go to the hospital. Little
ambulance takes Tommy there.
“You will soon be better”, she says
now little ambulance is rushing down the road
again
“Nah-nah! Nah-nah!” goes her sirene.
Daisy doll fells dizzy little ambulance takes care
of Daisy and she soon fells better. Little ambulance
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Present Future Tense
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Simple English Learning
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Present Perfect Tense
Saying Dates
Reading
A pretty carpet
We have moved into a new house and I have
working hard all morning. I have been trying to get my
new room in order. This has not been easy because I
own over a thousand books. To make matters worse,
the room is rather small, so I have temporality put my
book on the floor. At the moment, they cover every
inch of floor space and I actually have to walk on them
to get in or out of the room. A short while ago,
mysister helped me to carry one of my old book case
up the stairs. She went into my room and got a big
surprise when she saw all those books on the floor.
“This is the prettiest carpet I have ever seen”, she said.
She gazed at it for sometimes then added” you don’t
need bookcase at all. You can sit here in your spare
time and read the carpet!”
Taken from: Developing Skills
Difficult word
Temporality : (yang bersifat) sementara
Stairs : tangga
Gazed : memandang/menatap
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Simple English Learning
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Past Continuous Tense
Reading
Nasredin was cutting a brach of a tree. While
he was sawing, another man passed in the street. He
stopped and said, “Excuse me, but if you continue to
saw that brach like that, yaou will fall down with it”.
He said this, because Nasredin was sitting on
the branch and cutting it at place between himself and
the trunk of the tree.
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Simple English Learning
Conversation
Nadin : Hi, yas. How about you ?
Yasmin : Hi, you. Who tell you about my name ?
Nadin : Rina has told me and also ever showed
me your picture.
Yasmin : What ! Rina ??!!
Nadin : Ya, Rina. She is my friend and also my
cousin.
Yasmin : Well, I have just remember that, pleased
to meet you !
Nadin : Me too. I hear that you become fmous
enough because of your good articles.
Yasmin : I don’t think so. I only like to pour out what
in my opinion in hand writing. I don’t know
what’s in interesting in them.
Nadin : Oh, proud of you.
Yasmin : Thank you very much.
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Past Continuous Tense
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Simple English Learning
Kegunaan :
Mengungkapkan suatu keadaan/aktifitas yang
sudah terjadi/dilakukan beberapa waktu yang lalu,
yang hingga saat ini masih terjadi/dilakukan.
Examples:
- Ozaq has been studying here since 12 December 2003.
- Burhan has been trying this way for about 10 minutes
now.
- Afifah hasn’t been cooking for more than 2 hours.
- Anis hasn’t been sitting for an hour now.
- Has Etin been cleaning for more than 20 minutes ?
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Present Perfect Continuous Tense
From : Grolier
Abu Nawas
The Arabic poem Abu Nawas, Father of the
Forelocks, got this nickname from two locks of hair that
reached to his shoulders. His real name was Hasan ibn
Hani. Although he composed a variety of poems in
traditional style, such as panegyrics, satires, hunting
verses, and elegies even religious poems – his fame
rests on his wine (khamr) poetry called khamriyat and
on his love poems addressed to young boys.
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Simple English Learning
Formula :
(+) S + had + V3 + O.
(-) S + had + not + V3 + O.
(?) had + S + V3 + O?
Q.word + had + S + V3 + O ?
Reading
Too Late
The plane was late and detectives were at the
airport all morning. They were expecting a valuable
parcel of diamonds from South Africa. A few hours
earlier, someone had told the police that thieves would
try to steal the diamonds. When the plane arrived,
some of the detectives were waiting inside the main
building while others were waiting on the airfield. Two
men took the parcel of the plane and carried it into
the customs house. While 2 detectives were keeping
guard at the door, two others opened the parcel. To
their surprise, the precious parcel was full of stones
and sand!
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Past Future Tense
Formula :
(+) S + would + V1 + O.
(-) S + would + not + V1 + O.
(?) Would + S + V1 + O ?
Q.word + Would + S + V1 + O ?
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Simple English Learning
NOMINAL SENTENCES
Nominal sentences adalah kalimat yang tidak
berpredikat kata kerja. Predikat dalam sebuah nominal
sentence bisa berupa kata benda (noun), kata sifat
(adjective), ataupun kata keterangan (adverb). Kegunaan
dan pemakaian nominal sentences sama dengan kegunaan
dan pemakaian verbal sentences. Berikut ini beberapa
contoh bentuk nominal sentences.
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Nominal Sentences
AN EXCITING TRIP
I have just received a letter from my brother.
Tim. He is in Australia. He was been there for six
months. Tim is an enginer. He is working for a big firm
and he has already visited a great number of different
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Simple English Learning
Conversation
An Examination
Via : Hi Cha. Had you studied chemistry ?
Cha : Will we have a chemist examination ?
Via : Don’t you know before ? We will have the
exam two days later.
Cha : Oh, my God !! I must study hard tonight.
Thank you for your reminding.
Via : You’re welcome. Do we have another
exam, Cha ?
Cha : I don’t know. But I hope it’s none.
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Passive Voice
PASSIVE VOICE
Selain untuk menunjukkan suatu perbuatan/kejadian
yang dikerjakan/terjadi pada waktu lampau, verba bentuk
ketiga juga berfungsi untuk membuat kalimat pasif. Dalam
kalimat pasif subjek selalu dikenai pekerjaan. Berikut ini
beberapa contoh bentuk kalimat pasif dalam bahasa Inggris.
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Simple English Learning
Note :
1. Kalau kita hendak memasifkan sebuah kalimat
aktif, sedangkan dalam kalimat (aktif) itu ada 2
buah objek (direct and indirect object), maka
kita boleh memilih salah satu objek tersebut
untuk dijadikan subjek.
2. Kalau subjek dalam kalimat aktif adalah
someone (tanpa ada sebutan yang jelas), maka
2
Passive Voice
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Simple English Learning
AUXILIARY SENTENCE
Formula :
(+) S + can/may/must + V1 + Obj.
(-) S + can/may/must + not + V1 + Obj.
(?) can/may/must + S + V1 + Obj ?
Q.word + can/may/must + S + V1 + Obj ?
Untuk Pasif :
(+) S + can/may/must + be + V3 + by + Obj.
(-) S + can/may/must + not + be + V3 + by +
Obj.
(?) can/may/must + S + be + V3 + by + Obj ?
Q.word + can/may/must + S + be + V3 + by
+ Obj ?
Example :
- The students can do the quiz.
- The quiz may be done by the student.
Reading
How to learn a language ?
To learn to speak a foreign language well, a
student must not be afraid of making mistakes.
Language is for communication, the mistakes are a
secondary consideration. While you’re communicating,
you will realize your mistakes. You can use these
mistakes to improve your communicate skills. The way
you say something may be different from what a native
speaker says. Here is an example, a Spanish student
may say, “I do it”. To mean he is going to do
something in the hear future, while communicating with
2
Auxiliary Sentence
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Simple English Learning
1. Statement
Pada kalimat pernyataan ada beberapa hal yang perlu
disesuaikan jika kita hendak mengubah dari kalimat
langsung menjadi tidak langsung.
a. Mengganti tanda petik dengan that.
b. Menyesuaikan pronoun dalam kalimat inti dengan
pronoun dalam kalimat pengantar.
c. Mengubah tenses dalam kalimat inti.
Kalau kalimat pengantar pada kalimat langsung
bukan berupa Simple Present Tense, maka kita perlu
mengubah tenses dalam kalimat inti sesuai dengan
daftar dibawah ini :
Simple Present Tense Simple Past Tense
Simple Past Tense
Past Perfect Tense
Simple Present Perfect Tense
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Direct and Indirect Speech
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Simple English Learning
3. Command (Perintah)
Pada kalimat perintah ada beberapa langkah yang perlu
dilakukan jika kita hendak mengubah dari kalimat langsung
menjadi tidak langsung.
a) Mengganti tanda petik dengan to.
b) Kalimat sesudah to predikatnya selalu V1.
c) Mengganti tanda seru (!) menjadi titik (.)
NB : Untuk bentuk negatifnya, kita perlu
menambahkan not didepan to.
Info:
Future Tense murni dinyatakan dengan shall untuk
orang pertama (I,we), will untuk orang ke-2 dan ke-3.
Namun, sekarang “will” lebih sering digunakan untuk
semua orang kecuali dalam kalimat interrogative.
Shall dan will bisa disingkat “ll”
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Direct and Indirect Speech
Reading
Be Careful When Walking In The Street
It was cold and wet afternoon. I went home
from school. I felt cold and hungry. The traffic was
heavy. Now and then a careless driver drives very
close to the pavement. I was quite careful. Suddenly I
heard a car from behind. I stepped on to the
pavement quickly……..but it was too late. I fell on the
pavement. I tried to get up but my leg heart. Soon
people gathered around me. Then an ambulance
came and took me to hospital. The doctor said “You
have broken a leg in the accident”. I had to stay in
hospital for a month.
When my parents heard of the accident, they
came to the hospital immediately.
“What happened to you, my child?” my mother
cried. “Who did this to you?”. Then she asked me a lot
of questions. “Why weren’t you careful? My poor boy,
why didn’t you telephone us immediately?”.
I just close my eyes because I still could not
think clearly. The hospital bell rang. My parents had to
leave the hospital. Mother kissed me on the forehead
and said “I’m sorry to leave you here. Be a good boy.
Assalamu’alaikum”.
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Simple English Learning
Conversation
I’m very busy now.
Al : What are you doing, Fan?
Fan : I’m reading this interesting book.
Al : What’s the book about?
Fan : About the bottle of Surabaya.
Al : Can you tell me how is the story ?
Fan : Oh, sorry I can’t. I’m still reading it.
Al : May I borrow for a minute?
Fan : Very sorry, you may not.
Al : OK, I think that’s better to red together, deal ?
Fan : Oh, come on, Al. Let me read it myself. I’m very
busy now. I still have much main jobs. I must read this
book fastly, OK.
Al : I’m sorry to disturb you
Fan : Never mind.
3
Clauses
CLAUSES
Klausa adalah konstruksi yang mempunyai subjek
dan predikat. Ditinjau dari klausa pembentuknya, kalimat
dalam bahasa Inggris dibagi menjadi:
a. Compound sentences (kalimat majemuk setara)
b. Complex sentences (kalimat majemuk bertingkat).
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Simple English Learning
Example :
Restrictive Clause Æ a person who makes the
wooden part of building is
carpenter.
Non Restrictive Clause Æ Mrs. Anis, who is sitting
next tome, will go to see a
doctor next week.
Tambahan :
Ciri-ciri lain yangmembedakan keduanya ialah
Restrictive Clause :
- Hubungan antara klausa Induk dengan
Adjective clause sangat erat, sehingga tanpa
adjective clause, kalimat tersebut kurang
lengkap artinya.
- Diucapkan dengan tidak memakai jeda
antara klausa induk dengan adjective clause.
- Konjungsi (that, what, dkk) yang berfungsi
sebagai subjek dari adjektif klausa dapat
dihilangkan.
Misal: I know the boy we saw yesterday.
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Clauses
2. Noun Clause
Noun clause adalah klausa yang berfungsi sebagai
kata benda. Karena fungsinya sebagai kata benda, maka
dalam complex sentences, noun clause bisa berposisi
sebagai:
Æ Subject
Æ Object / objective complement
Æ Predicate complement
Examples:
Æ Mona answered the questions correctly made her
teacher surprised.
Æ Vifa wondered where her eraser gone.
Æ Jogja is where Dj lives.
Æ The teacher didn’t tell Fiya what we had to study
again.
3. Adverb Clause
Adverb clause adalah klausa yang berfungsi sebagai
adverb dalam kalimat. Ditinjau dari fungsinya adverb
clause dibagi menjadi :
Adverb of Time
Adverb of Place
Adverb of Cause / Reason
Adverb of Condition
Adverb of Concession / contrast.
Adverb of Result
Adverb of Manner.
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Simple English Learning
Reading
Reward for Virtue
My friend, Syilfi, she always been fat, but things
got so bad recently that she decided to go on diet.
She began her diet a week ago. First of all, she wrobe
out long list of all the foods which were forbidden. The
list included most of the things she loves: butter,
potatoes, rice, milk, chocolate and sweets.
Yesterday, I paid her a visit. I rang the bell and
was not surprised see that Syilfi was still as fat as ever.
She led me into her room and hurriedly hid a large
parallel under her desk. It was obvious that she was
very embarrassed. When I asked her what she was
doing, she smiled quickly and put the parallel on the
desk.
She explained that her diet was so strict that
she had to reward her self occasionally. Then she
showed me the comments of parcel.
It contained five large bars of chocolate and
three bags of sweets.
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Active Participle
ACTIVE PARTICIPLE
Active participle adalah bentuk V1+ing yang memiliki
fungsi sebagai:
1. Kata kerja
Active Participle yang berfungsi sebagai kata kerja
sebenarnya telah kita pelajari pada bagia terdahulu. Active
participle yang berfungsi sebagai kata kerja terdapat
pada:
a. Present Continuous Tense
Contoh : Hans is playing with the children.
Jack is talking to his friends.
b. Past Continuous Tense
Contoh : Viva is playing with the children.
Ani was listening “murottal” when Dj tells
her.
c. Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Contoh : He hasn’t been saying anything for more
than 2 hours.
3. Adjective
Active participle jenis ini selalu dikatakan didepan
kata benda yang diterangkan (seperti adjective pada
umumnya). Penggunaan V1+ing sebagai active participle
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Simple English Learning
4. Adverb Phrase
Active participle yang membentuk suatu kelompok
kata yang berkedudukan sebagai adverb dalam sebuah
kalimat biasanya terbentuk dari 2 kalimat yang
dihubungkan oleh sebuah konjungsi. Hubungan kedua
kalimat tersebut adalah:
o Sebab akibat (konjungsi: because)
o Terjadi bersamaan (konjungsi: when)
o Terjadi berurutan (konjungsi: when, while).
Kalimat yang akan diubah menjadi adverb phrase
harus berupa kalimat aktif. Selain itu subjek kedua
kalimat harus sama.
Contoh : Mrs. Atik cannot write because the pen has
gone.
Mrs. Ismi said the pen is not her while we
asked her about it.
Reading
WALKING is A SPORT
Sport help us to become strong and healthy.
There are many kinds of sport : walking, running,
hunting, cycling, swimming and soon. It is not important
what kinds of sport we are going to do, as long as we
are strong enough to do it.
Healthy people should exercise regularly, no
matter how old they are. The simplest the best sport is
walking. It is also the cheapest one, because we do
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Active Participle
Dialogue
Let’s go to the garden.
Via : Let’s go to garden.
Liy : I wish I could, but I can’t.
Via : What keeps you so busy ? You have been
sitting there for hours.
Liy : Well, I’m very busy. I have to finish this writing
today.
Via : I understand that, but you must take a coffee
break, though for just a short time.
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Simple English Learning
GERUND
Gerund adalah V1+ing yang diperlakukan seperti
kata benda. Oleh karena itu, gerund dalam kalimat
menduduki posisi kata benda, antara lain:
1. Subject,
2. Predicate (dalam kalimat nominal)
3. Object
4. Passive Voice
Dalam kalimat yang subjeknya bermakna pasif ada
beberapa verb yang bila diikuti oleh verb lain, maka verb
yang mengikuti tersebut harus berbnetuk V1+ing
(Gerund). Verbs tersebut adalah: Need, want
(ingin/perlu), require (ingin/perlu).
Contoh: The car needs cleaning.
5. Gerund yang berfungsi menerangkan kata benda
dibelakangnya:
Contoh: Swimming pool
Jack went to the swimming pool last
holiday.
Bentuk ini hampir sama dengan Active Participle.
Perbedaannya terletak pada makna, perhatikan :
Swimming pool (kolam untuk berenang),
Swimming boy (anak yang berenang)
Reading
Kinds of animal
Sometimes many animals crowd together to sleep.
Walruses usually live in large herds in the icy waters of
the far north. From time to time, they gather on rocky
shores and rest.
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Gerund
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Simple English Learning
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
Conditional sentences adalah kalimat pengandaian.
Kalimat ini terdiri dari klausa yang didahului “if” dan kalimat
inti. Berdasarkan kegunaannya Conditional Sentences dibagi
menjadi tiga macam:
1. Present Real Condition
Conditional sentence jenis ini berguna untuk
mengungkapkan suatu rencana (plan) atau suatu
kemungkinan terjadinya suatu hal.
Formula : If S V1 O AP AT, S will
clause
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Conditional Sentences
Note:
Antara klausa dan kalimat inti dalam conditional
sentence harus setara. Jadi kalau klausa
menggunakan Verb I (misalnya), maka kalimat
intinya juga harus Verb I.
COMMUNICATION
The word communication comes from verb
communicate, which means to gibe or exchange
information, news, ideas, or opinions by speech or
writing. In other words communication is the studying of
information or news between people.
Trough communication people learn from one
another the things they want to know. Imagine if
human beings could not communicate with one
another. If a person cannot communicate he will not
talk to other people, and no other people will talk him
or teach him anything. So it would be impossible for
him to learn anything. Can he learn anything by
himself?
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Simple English Learning
Dialogue
Serly : Hello, Vir! What do you do? Are you busy
now?
Vira : Hai, Erly! I’m not busy. I’m watching a TV,
what happened?
Serly : I want to invite you to my house’s friend. He
invites me to his party and he said that I may
invite my best friend.
Vira : Oh……, OK! I will be ready.
Serly : Thanks, I will go to your home at 8 o’clock.
Vira : OK, I wait you.
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Question-tag Question
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Simple English Learning
4
Question-tag Question
Reading
THE ECLIPSE
It’s interesting to learn how an eclipse happens.
We know that the moon around earth, don’t it? When
the moon passes between the sun and the earth, the
shadow of the moon falls on the earth,. In this part of
the earth people don’t have sunlight. We call these a
solar eclipse because we cannot see a part of the
whole of the happens once every 18 months.
However, a total solar eclipse, that is when the sun
becomes totally dark happens only once in 350 years
at any given place.
People did not dare to look at the sun during the
eclipse. It’s dangerous to look up at the sun because it
may cause blindness, it’s wise to look after our eyes,
isn’t it?
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Simple English Learning
CAUSATIVE VERBS
Causative verbs adalah kata-kata (kalimat) yang
berfungsi untuk menunjukkan bahwa seseorang
menghendaki orang lain melakukan suatu pekerjaan untuk
dirinya.
Berikut ini variasi struktur causative verbs:
a. S + make + direct Obj + verb (inf.)
caust. verb
Example:
- Mr. Thoni makes the text finish.
- Anis gets the homework to finish.
- Fia had the plant in 5th flour watered.
Catatan :
- Kata make, get and have adalah bentuk
pertama. Kata-kata ini boleh dirubah dalam
bentuk ke-2 dan ke-3, tergantung tense.
- Bentuk ini tidak sama dengan Command atau
Request karena terkesan lebih halus.
Bandingkan:
- Close the door !
- Could you close the door, please ?
- I need to have the door closed.
4
Causative Verbs
Conversation
Mahfus : What are you looking for?
Ziyad : I’m looking for my blue book.
Mahfus : Are you in hurry?
Ziyad : Yes, I want to give a picture.
I need to have the lamp turned on.
Mahfus : OK, I will do for you.
Ziyad : Thanks, Oh what I found?
Mahfus : What’s thing?
Ziyad : Some mice having a party here.
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Simple English Learning
REQUEST
Request atau yang dikenal dengan sebutan Polite
request adalah bentuk kalimat yang digunakan untuk
meminta sesuatu dari lawan bicara. Berikut ini adalah
beberapa request disertai responnya:
1. Would you mind + Ving?
2. Do you mind + poss.pron + Ving?
Æ No, of course not.
No, at all, with pleasure.
Request yang menggunakan kata mind verb-nya
pasti dalam bentuk –ing.
3. Could you + V1?
Æ Yes, of course / I’m sorry.
4. Can you + V1?
Æ Certainly / I’m sorry I can’t. All right.
5. I’d like you to + V1?
Æ Yes, I’d like to … / I’m sorry I’d love but….
(Request no.5 biasa digunakan untuk undangan
ke suatu acara dan jawaban terakhir juga khusus
untuk no.5).
Request yang menggunakan kata would, can atau to
(inf.) verb-nya pasti dalam bentuk pertama.
Conversation
Jihand : Don’t you do anything?
Nia : No, I feel very bored here.
Jihand : I see. I think I have something to make you
happy.
Nia : What’s that?
Jihand : I’d like you to close your eyes.
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Request
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Simple English Learning
NOUN PHRASE
Phrase (frase) adalah kelompok kata yang tidak
mengandung unsure predikat. Oleh sebab itu tidak pernah
didapati frase yang menggunakan konjungsi, karena
konjungsi itu sendiri pasti menduduki posisi tertentu
(subjek).
Dalam noun phrase ada sebuah aturan yang
mengatur kata manakah yang diprioritaskan penyebutnya.
Berikut urutannya:
1. Determiner
Determiner (kata tunjuk) memang harus disebut pertama
kali dalam Noun phrase. Beberapa determiner tersebut
adalah : this, an, a, any, my,. some. many, etc.
2. Opinion
Opinion adalah pendapat subjectif/kualitas suatu benda,
misalnya: beautiful, handsome, pretty, expensive, etc.
3. Adjective yang mempunyai kesan pemberian
secara umum.
Adjective with general meaning. Kalau dalam kalimat ada
adjective jenis ini yang jumlahnya lebih dari satu, maka
urutan-urutannya adalah sebagai berikut:
a. Size : ukuran, seperti : big, long, tall, slim, etc.
b. Age / temperature : umur / suhu, seperti : old,
hot, young, etc.
c. Participle, Misal : broken, wodden, etc.
d. Shape : bentuk, seperti : round, square, etc.
e. Colour : warna, seperti : red, black, pink, blue,
etc.
5
Noun Phrase
Adverb
Urutan : manner Æ place Æ time
Cara tempat waktu
Example :
He reads the text slowly in front of his friends at
seven o’clock.
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Simple English Learning
PREFERENCE
Preference (pilihan) digunakan bila kita ingin
menyatakan sikap atau perasaan lebih senang terhadap
suatu kegiatan atau benda melebihi yang lain.
Preference dapat dinyatakan dengan beberapa cara:
1. Prefer
Prefer biasanya digunakan untuk menyatakan pilihan
selamanya, sifat pilihan ini bersifat kontinue.
Formula :
1. S + prefer + N + (to Noun).
2. S + prefer + to.inf + (than + verb)
3. S + prefer + Ving(1) + to + Ving(2)
Contoh :
- I prefer Javanese language (to Chinese
language)
- I prefer to race (than volley)
- She prefer reading to cooking.
2. Would Rather
Berbeda dengan prefer, would rather untuk menyatakan
pilihan sementara.
Formula : S + would rather + inf. + O + than
+ inf.
Contoh : I would rather stay in the house than go out.
3. Would Prefer
Would prefer, sebagaimana would rather juga berfungsi
untuk menyatakan pilihan sementara.
Formula : S + would prefer + to.inf + rather
than + ….
5
Preference
4. Like
Preference dapat juga dinyatakan dengan menggunakan
kata kerja like. Perlu diperhatikan bahwa kalau sesudah like
ada infinitive, maka tidak boleh ditambah dengan to.
Formula : S + like + … + better than + ….
Contoh : Bria likes English better than Chemistry.
Conversation
Brian : Hi, Rizal, pleased to meet you!
Rizal : Oh, hi Bry, me too. How are you?
Brian : I’m very fine, and you?
Rizal : As you see me now, let’s go to that
restaurant.
Brian : Oh, never mind.
Rizal : Would you prefer to have, juice or tea?
Brian : I would prefer to have a juice.
Rizal : Oh, we are having the same. I will tell him (a
servant)
Reading
RAFFLESIA ARNOLDI
The vast archipelago and the great number of
island have made Indonesia the home of a large
variety of plant life.
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Simple English Learning
Noun Pelaku
Botany Botanist
Science Sciences
Dent Dentist
Slang of American :
Gonna : going to
Wanna : want to
armscray : enyah
5
Degree of Comparison
DEGREE OF COMPARISON
a. Bentuk perbandingan
Positive Comparative Superlative
Big Bigger Biggest
Tall Taller Tallest
Clever Cleverer Cleverest
Interesting More interesting Most interesting
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Simple English Learning
Conversation
Risya : Hi Fira, how about you ?
Fira : Oh, hi Ris. How long we didn’t meet?
5
Degree of Comparison
Reading
Percy Buttons
I have just moved to a house in Bridge street.
Yesterday a beggar knocked at my door. He asked
me for a meal and a glass of beer. I return for his, the
beggar stood on his head and sang songs. I gave him
a meat. He ate the food and drank the beer. Ten he
put a piece of cheese in his pocket and went away.
Later a neighbor told me about him. Every body knows
him. His name is Percy Buttons. He calls at every house
in the street once a month and always asks for a meal
and a glass of beer.
Info :
Adverb boleh ditaruh didepan kalimat apabila
ada maksud menghubungkan dengan kalimat
sebelumnya.
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Simple English Learning
Reading
No wrong Numbers
Mr. James Scott has a garage in Silburg and
now he has just bought another garage in Pinhust.
Pinhust is only 5 miles from Silburg, but Mr. Scott
cannot get a telephone for his new garage, so he just
bought twelve pigeon. Yesterday a pigeon carried the
first message from Pinhust to Silburg. The bird covered
the distance in three minutes. Up to now, Mr. Scott
has sent a great many request for spare parts and
other urgent messages from one garage to the other.
In his way, he has begun his own.
Note :
- Use other before singular countable noun and
before one.
- Use other before a) uncountable noun
b) plural, coun, noun
following the, all, every.
- Use other or the others as pronoun to replace
countable nouns.
- Every other……….. is an idiom meaning
(selang……)
Such as : Every other day Æ selang sehari
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Suplemen – Ways of Saying The Time
Suplemen
Ways of Saying The Time
A.M : morning
P.M. : afternoon / evening / night
it’s eight o’clock.
8 : 00
it’s eight. 12 : 00
It’s eight – oh- five
8 : 05 It’s 5 (minutes) after 8. It’s noon.
It’s 5 (minutes) past 8. It’s midnight.
It’s eight – fifteen.
8 : 15 It’s a quarter after eight.
It’s a quarter past eight.
It’s eight – thirty.
8 : 30 It’s half past eight.
It’s eight forty-five
8 : 45 It’s a quarter to nine.
It’s a quarter of nine.
It’s eight –fifty.
8 : 50 It’s ten to nine.
It’s ten of nine.
Info : 9:00 A.M. (American English)
9.00 A.M. (British English)
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Simple English Learning
TARIKH
28th July Æ preposisi: on
tanpa tanggal Æ preposisi: in
BEDA:
crowded (ramai, berdesak-desakan) ≠ noisy (ramai,
suara gaduh)
LITTLE ABOUT:
Leg and foot
foot (paha s/d ujung jari / yang dipakaikan sepatu).
Pesawat terbang dengan ketinggian 100 kaki Æ foot.
Kalau kaki meja selalu pakai leg.
6
Suplemen – Making Some Letters
Mr. and Mrs. Saiful request the warmth of Mr. and Mrs.
Ziyad’s company at dinner of Friday, July the first at seven
o’clock in the evening.
45 jalan Borobudur
R. S. V. P.
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Simple English Learning
Reading
Ways Animals Sleep
¾ Unlike you, fish can never close their eyes. They
have no eyelids. The shark, a kind of fish, lies very
still in an underwater eave.
¾ Insects stay most of the time, but they too, must
rest. One rainy night a katydid rests under a leaf
that makes a good umbrella. Don’t you think the
green, upside-down katydid looks like part of the
plants?
¾ Many animals sleep in tree, where they can be
safe. Others, like leopard, find cool shade there
on hot day. A furry Koala is snuggling between
hight branches. It will sleep there most of the day.
¾ All in a raw, ducks are getting ready for a nap.
Like many birds, ducks rest on leg with their bills
tucked under their feathers.
Just like you, all animals need some form of rest
every day. Most animals have a specials place where
they sleep, but some just curl up on the around. Some
sleep floating in the water. Others find safe places to
sleep in the trees. Wherever they one, animals have
ways of protecting themselves while they sleep.
6
Suplemen - Mata Angin
66
Simple English Learning
FREQUENCY ADVERB
⎧ always ⎫
⎪ often ⎪
⎪ ⎪
⎪ usually ⎪
⎪ ⎪
Subject + ⎨sometimes⎬ + Verb
⎪ seldom ⎪
⎪ ⎪
⎪ rarely ⎪
⎪ never ⎪
⎩ ⎭
Frequency Adverb
Frequency Adverbs datang di antara subjek dan
simple present verb walaupun ada juga beberapa yang
datang di permulaan, tengah-tengah atau akhir kalimat.
Always 100%
Usually 99% - 90%
Often 90% - 75%
Sometimes 75% - 25%
Seldom 25% - 10%
Rarely 10% - 1%
Never 0%
Sometimes
Seldom
Usually
Always
Rarely
Never
Often
Sunday √
6
Suplemen - Frequency Adverb
Monday √ √
Tuesday √ √ √
Wednesday √ √ √
Thursday √ √ √ √ √
Friday √ √ √ √ √
Saturday √ √ √ √ √ √
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