Command Expression
Kalimat imperative adalah kalimat perintah yang berisi perintah (command), permintaan (request),
peringatan (prohibition), nasihat (advice), saran (suggestion), peringatan (warning), compulsion.
Example:
Sweep the floor, please!
Clean the window!
Open the door!
Wash the disheas!
Bring me the sugar, please
Could you put this food there
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COORDINATE CONJUNCTIONS
Coordinate conjunction menggabungkan unit struktur yang sama secara grammatical, misalnya noun
dengan noun, verb dengan verb, adjective dengan adjective, clause dengan clause, membentuk suatu
Paralel Structure.
Yes/No Question
Sebaliknya Yes/No Question merupakan pertanyaan yang tidak diawali dengan question
words melainkan diawali dengan kata kerja bantu (auxilary verbs) atau to be, dan modals.
jawabannya berupa yes atau no saja.
Example:
a. Diawali dengan auxilary verbs / to be
Q: Do you know Mr. Tsabit?
A: Yes / Yes, I do (atau No, I don't)
Q: Are you Mr. Tsabit?
A: Yes / Yes, I'm (atau No, I am not)
b. Diawali dengan Modals
Q: Can we go now?
A: Yes / Yes, we can (atau No, we can't)
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Apology expression
Read the dialogues below carefully!
1. A woman is talking with her son’s high- school principal.
Piero : Well, Mrs. Quitman, its look like your son going to be a Harvard man next year.
Mrs. Quitman : Dr. Piero, how can we ever thank you? You’ve done so much to help our boy.
Piero : No need to thank me. It’s part of my job, after all.
Mrs. Quitman : Well, thank you again anyway. We really appreciate the time and interest you’ve
taken.
2. Mother and a daughter in the home.
Mother : Can you help me to cook our dinner, please?
Her daughter : I am sorry, Mummy, I have to finish my homework’s, but I can help you to prepare our
dessert, Mom.
Mother : Can I show my appreciation by buying you an ice cream, tomorrow?
A daughter : Don’t mention it.
Perhatikan ketiga dialog di atas dengan seksama, ada berbagai macam ungkapan yang
berbeda- beda dalam tiap dialog tersebut. Ungkapan – ungkapan tersebut, yaitu: gratitude/ thanking
expression (ungkapan terima kasih), apology expression (ungkapan permintaan maaf), asking and
giving information ( menanyakan dan memberi informasi)
1. I go to school
2. I meet him at the party
3. This is my bag
4. That house is yours
5. She does the homework herself
Kata- kata yang dicetak tebal disebut Pronoun (kata ganti). Pronoun terbagi menjadi 7 jenis sesuai
dengan fungsinya dalam suatu kalimat. Namun, kali ini kita hanya akan membahas 5 jenis Pronoun,
yaitu:
Personal
Reflexive
Pronoun Possessive Pronoun
Pronoun
No. (kata ganti (kata ganti milik)
(kata ganti
orang)
reflexive)
Subject Object Adjective Pronoun
1. I Me My Mine Myself
2. We Us Our Ours Ourselves
3. They Them Their Theirs Themselves
4. You You Yours Your Yourself/
yourselves
5. It It Its Itself
6. He Him His His Himself
7. she Her Her Hers Herself
Sesuai dengan fungsinya, pronoun digunakan sebagai kata ganti dalam suatu kalimat. Setelah
mengetahui pembagian seperti tabel diatas, lihat kembali kalimat- kalimat diatas dan coba tentukan
termasuk dalam jenis yang manakan pronoun yang digunkan dalam kelima kalimat tersebut.
Expressing of politeness
Study this dialogue below!
Two students in their canteen school
M1 : Excuse me, what do you want to order for drinking?
Asma’ : I want to drink a cup of coffee, please. How about you, Fadhila?
Fadhila : I’d like a strawberry juice, please.
M1 : Pardon?
Fadhila : I said that I ordered orange juice.
M1 : O.K How about the foods?
Asma’ : No, thanks. We just order the drinks first.
M1 : Excuse me for a moment, I will take your order.
Perhatikan dialog diatas dengan seksama terutama pada kata- kata yang dicetak miring, kata- kata tersebut
digunakan dalam percakapan untuk menunjukkan kesopanan (Politeness expression).
1. Meminta perhatian seseorang : excuse me; what do you want to order for drinking?
2. Untuk meminta sesuatu dengan bahasa/cara yang sopan: I’d like a strawberry juice, please
3. Untuk meminta seseorang mengulangi apa yang diucapkan: Pardon?; I do beg your pardon?
4. Untuk memberitahu seseorang bahwa engkau akan meninggalkan tempat tersebut: excuse me for a
moment, i will take your order.
Expression of politeness Responses
- Could you + V1
- Please,V1
- Would you mind repeating that ?
- Sorry, what did you say ? All right
Dialogue Winda and Rini come to Ronie's house. They are supposed to study together. Ronie: Hi
Winda, Hi Rini, come in, please! Winda: Hi, Ronie. Thanks Ronie: Don't be shy, Rini. Would you
please sit down! Rini: Thanks Ronie. I'm not shy. I'm admiring your house. It's so beautiful. Ronie:
Hahaha... thanks. Don't say that. Let's study. In the dialogue, the word "please" and "would you please"
are used for expressing politeness. If you want to say politely you may add the words. The following
are some more examples of expressing politeness: Excuse me, could you give me soft drink, please?
Stand up, please! Please, come on time!
Notice/caution
12. Which of the following sentences best explains the above sign?
A. If you break any of the articles you should pay for it
B. You don't have to buy articles that are broken
C. In this section you will only find broken articles
D. The shop sells special broken articles