Neraca Panas Baru Bismillah

KONVERSI SATUAN
tahun 1 hari 330

hari 1 jam 24
jam 1 menit 60
ton 1 kg 1000
Kg 1 lb 2.20462
lb 1 kg 0.45359291
Liter 1 gallon 0.26417
gallon 1 liter 3.78544
cm 1 in 0.3937
in 1 cm 2.54000508
m 1 ft 3.28084
ft 1m 0.30479999
in 1 ft 0.0833333 1 atm = 14.6959 Psig
ft 1 in 12.0000048 1 in = 0.0254 meter
atm 1 Pa 101325 1 jam = 60 menit
Pa 1 Atm 9.8692E-06 1 gr/cc = 62.43 lb/cuft
mmHg 1 Pa 133.3224 1 cuft/mnt = 7.4805 gpm
Pa 1 mmHg 0.00750062 1 gpm = 448.8 cuft
Kgf/cm2 1 Pa 98066.5 1 kg = 2.2046 lb
Pa 1 Kgf/cm2 1.0197E-05 1 menit = 60 detik
Lbf/in2 1 Kpa 6.89476 1 kkal = 3.96567 BTU
Kpa 1 Lbf/in2 0.14504 1 ft2 = 0.0929 m2
oC 1 oF 33.8
oF 1 oC -17.222222
J 1 cal 0.2389
cal 1J 4.1858
kg/m3 1 lb/cuft 0.06242796
lbf/ft2 1 psi 0.006944
KONVERSI
1 kg = 2.2046 lb
1 gr/cc) = 62.43 lb/cuft
1 cuft/m = 7.4805 gpm
1 gpm = 448.8 cuft
1 jam = 60 menit
1 Btu = 0.252 kkal
1 ft2 = 0.092 m2
1 ft = 12 in
1 ft = 0.3048 m
1 hp = 0.7457 Kw
1 ft3 = 0.028 m3
1 kkal = 4186 j
1 ft3 = 0.0283 m3
GANTI ANGKA KONVERSI
tahun 1 = 330 hari

hari 1 = 24 jam
jam 1 = 60 menit
ton 1 = 1000 kg
Kg 1 = 2.20462 lb
lb 1 = 0.453593 kg
Liter 1 = 0.26417 gallon
gallon 1 = 3.785441 liter
cm 1 = 0.3937 in
in 1 = 2.540005 cm
m 1 = 3.28084 ft
ft 1 = 0.3048 m
in 1 = 0.083333 ft
ft 1 = 12 in
atm 1 = 101325 Pa
Pa 1 = 9.87E-06 Atm
mmHg 1 = 133.3224 Pa
Pa 1 = 0.007501 mmHg
Kgf/cm2 1 = 98066.5 Pa
Pa 1 = 1E-05 Kgf/cm2
Lbf/in2 1 = 6.89476 Kpa
Kpa 1 = 0.14504 Lbf/in2
oC 1 = 33.8 oF
oF 1 = -17.2222 oC
J 1 = 0.2389 cal
cal 1 = 4.1858 J
BERAT MOLEKUL
CH₂O = 30 g/mol
CH₃OH = 32 g/mol
H₂O = 18 g/mol
NH₃ = 17 g/mol
(CH₂)₆N₄ = 140 g/mol
Kapasitas Produksi Hexamine di Indonesia :
Tahun Kapasitas
2010 20194.7
2011 22290.8
2012 30107.1
2013 21440.9
2014 31242.3
35000
30000
Kapasitas Produksi (ton/tahun)
f(x) = 2124.5299999999x - 4249499.19999969

25000 R² = 0.4174205069
20000
15000 Kapasitas
Linear (Kapasitas)
10000
5000
0
2008 2010 2012 2014 2016
Tahun
y= 2124,5x - 4000000
4289365.5 -4000000
289365.5 ton/tahun
APPENDIX A
NERACA MASSA
Kapasitas Produksi = 28000 ton/tahun

= 3535.3535 kg/jam
Basis Bahan Baku = 1 ton/jam
= 1000 kg/jam
Waktu Operasi = 1 tahun = 330 hari
1 hari = 24 jam
Komposisi Bahan Baku

A. Formaldehyde (Sumber : PT. Intanwijaya Internasional)
Komponen % Berat
CH2O 37%
CH3OH 2.50%
H2 O 60.50%
Jumlah 100%
B. Ammonia (Sumber : PT. Petrokimia Gresik)

Komponen % Berat
NH3 99.50%
H2 O 0.50%
Jumlah 100.00%
1. REAKTOR (R-210)
Suhu Operasi = 70 oC (Meissner, F)
Tekanan = 1 atm
Waktu Operasi = 30 menit (US Patent : 2,640,826)
CH3OH
CH2O
CH2O NH3
REAKTOR (CH2)6N4
NH3
Reaksi : 4 NH3 + 6 CH2O (CH2)6N4 + H2 O
Komponen BM
CH₂O 30
CH₃OH 32
H₂O 18
NH₃ 17
(CH₂)₆N₄ 140
Kebutuhan Formaldehy= 12935 kg/jam

Komponen % Berat Berat (kg/jam) mol (kmol/jam)
CH₂O 37% 4785.8672002 159.5289
CH₃OH 2.50% 323.3694 10.1053
H₂O 60.50% 7825.5396 434.7522
Total 12934.7762 604.3864
Tinjauan Reaksi:
NH₃ mula-mula = 106.3526 kmol/jam
= 1807.9943 kg/jam
Konversi = 95% (Keyes : 418)
NH₃ yang bereaksi = 101.0350 kmol/jam
= 1717.5946 kg/jam
NH₃ berlebih (2%) = 1844.1542 kg/jam
= 108.4797 kmol/jam
H₂O Ammonia = 1.0050 x 1844.1542
= 1853.4213 kg/jam
= 1853.4213 - 1844.1542
= 9.2671 kg/jam
CH₂O yang bereaksi = 151.5525 kmol/jam
= 4546.5738 kg/jam
(CH₂)₆N₄ yang terbentuk = 25.2587 kmol/jam
= 3536.2241 kg/jam
H₂O yang terbentuk = 151.5525 kmol/jam
= 2727.9443 kg/jam
Total H₂O = H₂O formaldehyde + H₂O ammonia
+ H₂O produk
= ### kg/jam
Sisa NH₃ = 7.4447 kmol/jam
= 126.5596 kg/jam
Sisa CH₂O = 7.9764 kmol/jam
= 239.2934 kg/jam
Neraca Massa : EVAPORATOR, CRY
Masuk (kg/jam) Keluar (kg/jam)
NH₃ = 1844.1542 Masuk Ke Evaporator:
H₂O = 9.2671 (CH₂)₆N₄ = 3536.2241 F
1853.4213 H₂O = 10562.7510
14098.9751
CH₂O = 4785.8672 Gas Buang Ke Scrubber : Perhitungan Recycle:

H₂O = 7825.5396 Sisa NH₃ = 126.5596 kelarutan urotropin pa
CH₃OH = 323.3694 Sisa CH₂O = 239.2934 maka setelah proses kr
12934.7762 CH₃OH = 323.369 kembali ke evaporator
689.2224
pada saat evaporasi, ai
Total = 14788.1975 Total = 14788.1975 Komponen
(CH₂)₆N₄
H₂O
2.VACUM EVAPORATOR (V-310)
Suhu Operasi = 90 oC Neraca Massa Kompo
Tekanan = 0,6919 atm (Tabel F.1 Saturated Steam Thermodinamika) A
X
X
H₂O
Larutan(CH₂)₆N₄ (CH₂)₆N₄ 55% H₂O
EVAPORATOR A
Y
Y
Bahan Masuk Evaporator:
Komponen Berat (kg/jam)Fraksi Berat Komponen
(CH₂)₆N₄ 3536.2241 0.2508 (CH₂)₆N₄
H₂O 10562.7510 0.7492 H₂O
Total 14098.9751 1.0000
Komponen
Kadar Pemekatan pada evaporator = 42% (CH₂)₆N₄
Neraca massa total : F = V + L H₂O
Neraca massa kompone: F XF = V XV + L XL
V XV =
Asumsi tidak ada urotropin yang menguap sehingga 0 Trial & Error Fraksi
F = 14098.9751 kg/jam Y
XF = 0.2508 ###
F XF = 3536.2241 kg/jam
XL = 0.42
L = 8419.5812 kg/jam
Neraca massa :
Larutan(CH₂)₆N₄ dari reaktor: Larutan(CH₂)₆N₄ 42% ke crystallizer:
(CH₂)₆N₄ = 3536.2241 (CH₂)₆N₄ = 5169.9183
H₂O = 10562.7510 H₂O = 6244.0435
14098.9751 11413.9618
Recycle dari Centrifuge:
(CH₂)₆N₄ = 1633.6942 Ke Barometric Condensor:
H₂O = 4304.0192 H₂O = 8622.7267
= 5937.7133
Total = 20036.6885 Total = 20036.6885
3. CRYSTALLIZER (S-320)
Suhu Operasi = 30 oC
Tekanan = 1 atm
waktu kristalisa= 1 jam
larutan (CH₂)₆N₄ kristal

CRYSTALLIZE (CH2)6N4
R
Umpan Masuk :
Komponen Berat (kg/jam) Fraksi
(CH₂)₆N₄ 5169.9183 0.4529
H₂O 6244.0435 0.5471
Total 11413.9618 1.0000
Penentuan kristal yang terbentuk :

Dengan metode example 2 (Perry 8ed), hal. 18-41, dengan persamaan :
100 WO - S (HO - E)
P = Rx
100 - S (R - 1)
Dengan : P = Berat kristal Data Kelarutan Urotro
R = Ratio BM dari kristal / larutan Suhu
S = Solubility kristal pada mother liquor 25 oC
WO = Berat bahan yang akan dikristalkan pada feed 70 oC
HO = Total bahan yang bersifat liquid pada feed dengan cara interpolas
E = Evaporation = 0
Data kelarutan produk
Perhitungan : Suhu
Penguapan H2O : 20 oC
Asumsi terjadi penguapan H2O = 0% 25 oC
H2O yang menguap = 0% x 6,244.0435 kg 60 oC
= 0.0000 kg sehingga didapat kelar
Ratio BM kristal dengan larutan ( R ) :

BM (CH₂)₆N₄ = 140 g/mol
BM (CH₂)₆N₄ = 140 g/mol

R = 248/140 = 1.0000
Solubility kristal pada mother liquor (S) : Suhu crystallizer adala
Diketahui kelarutan (C
Kelarutan pada mother liquor ( suhu 30℃ ) 46.2 gr (CH2)6N4 yang terlarut
100 gr pelarut
Sehingga kelarutan kristal pada mother liquor :
46.2
S = = 0.4620
100
Berat (CH₂)₆N₄ terkristalkan pada feed (WO) : Kristal (CH2)6N4 yang
WO = 5,169.9183 kg
Total bahan yang bersifat liquid pada feed (HO) :
HO = Berat total - WO
= 11,413.9618 - 5,169.9183
= 6,244.0435 kg
Evaporation E :
E = H2O yang menguap = 0.0000 kg
Maka jumlah kristal yang terbentuk :
100 Wo - S (Ho - E)
P = R x
100 - S (R - 1)
514,107.08
= 1.0000 x
100
514,107.0791
= 1.0000 x
100.0000
= 5,141.0708 kg
Berat kristal (CH₂)₆N₄ = 5,141.0708 kg

Yield kristalisasi = 98% (Perry 8ed : 18-40)
Berat (CH₂)₆N₄ pada feed = 5,169.9183 kg/jam
(CH₂)₆N₄ terkristalkan = 98% x 5,169.9183
= 5,066.5199 kg/jam
(CH₂)₆N₄ sisa kristalisasi = 5,169.9183 - 5,066.5199
= 103.3984 kg/jam
Berat H2O pada kristal = Kristal (CH₂)₆N₄- (CH₂)₆N₄ terkristalkan

= 5,141.0708 - 5,066.5199
= 74.5509 kg
Berat H2O pada feed = 6,244.0435 kg

Berat H2O sisa kristalisasi = Berat H2O pada feed - Berat H2O pada kristal
- berat H2O yang menguap
= 6,244.0435 - 74.5509
0.0000
= 6,169.4926 kg
Neraca Massa
Larutan (CH2)6N4 dari Evaporator : Campuran ke Centrifuge :
(CH₂)₆N₄ = 5,169.9183 Kristal (CH₂)₆N₄ = 5,141.0708
H2 O = 6,244.0435 (CH₂)₆N₄ = 103.3984
= H
11,413.9618 2 O = 6,169.4926
= 11,413.9618
Total = 11,413.9618 Total = 11,413.9618
4. CENTRIFUGE (H-330)
Fungsi : Menghasilkan Produk dan Mother Liquor
Suhu Operasi : 30 ℃
Tekanan : 1 atm
Waktu Operasi : kontinu
CENTRIFUGE
Campuran Kristal Basah
Feed Masuk :
Kristal (CH₂)₆N₄ 5,141.0708 0.4504
(CH₂)₆N₄ 103.3984 0.0091 Ke Centrifuge:
H2 O 6,169.4926 0.5405 F
Total 11,413.9618 1.0000 D
Neraca massa kompon
Berdasarkan perhitungan dari crystallizer : ###
Bahan bersifat solid :
Komponen Berat (kg/jam)
Kristal (CH₂)₆N₄ 5,141.0708
Bahan bersifat liquid : ke crystallizer :

Komponen Berat (kg/jam) E
(CH₂)₆N₄ 103.3984
H2 O 6,169.4926
Total 6,272.8910
Neraca Massa
Campuran dari Crystallizer : Kristal basah ke Rotary Dryer :
Kristal (CH₂)₆ = 5,141.0708 Kristal (CH₂)₆ = 3,535.7071
(CH₂)₆N₄ = 103.3984 H2O = 1940.5411
H2 O = 6,169.4926 = 5476.2482
= 11,413.9618
Mother liquor ke Evaporator :
(CH₂)₆N₄ = 1,633.6942
H2O = 4,304.0192
5,937.7133
Total = 11,413.9618 11,413.9615
5. ROTARY DRYER (B-340)
Suhu Operasi = 110 ℃

Tekanan = 1 atm
Udara panas + padatan terikut

Udara panas
Kristal bawah ROTARY

DRYER Produk bawah
Feed masuk :
Kristal (CH₂)₆N₄ 3,535.7071 0.6337
(CH₂)₆N₄ 103.3984 0.0185
H2 O 1940.5411 0.3478
Total 5,579.6466 1.0000
Asumsi kehilangan solid = 1% (Ludwig ; 259)
Produk solid = Berat solid - kehilangan solid
Berat solid Kehilangan solid Produk solid
Komponen
Komponen
(kg/jam) (kg/jam) (kg/jam)
(CH₂)₆N₄.6H2O 3,535.7071 35.3571 3,500.3500
(CH₂)₆N₄ 103.3984 1.0340 102.3644
3,639.1055 36.3911 3,602.7144
Kadar H2O pada produk solid = 0.10% (0.02-0.2% (max) ; Ludwig 264)
Maka kadar produk solid = 99.90%
Berat produk solid = 3,602.7144 kg
Berat akhir produk solid = 3,602.7144 kg x 100%
99.90%
= 3606.3207 kg
Berat air pada produk solid = Berat akhir produk solid - Berat produk solid
= 3606.3207 - 3,602.7144
= 3.6063 kg
Berat air pada feed = 1940.5411 kg
Berat air yang menguap = Berat air pada feed - Berat air pada produk solid
= 1940.5411 - 3.6063
= 1936.9348 kg
Neraca Massa
Kristal basah dari Centrifuge : Kristal kering ke cooling conveyor :
Kristal(CH₂)₆N = 3,535.7071 kristal(CH₂)₆N₄= 3,500.3500
(CH₂)₆N₄ = 103.3984 (CH₂)₆N₄ = 102.3644
H2 O = H
1940.5411 2 O = 3.6063
= 5,579.6466 = 3,606.3207
Campuran ke Cyclone :
kristalCH₂)₆N₄ = 35.3571
(CH₂)₆N₄ = 1.0340
H2O Uap = 1936.9348
= 1973.3258
Total = 5,579.6466 Total = 5,579.6466
6. CYCLONE (H-343) Udara panas

Campuran bahan
CYCLONE
Padatan
Feed masuk :
kristal(CH₂)₆N₄ 35.3571 0.0179
(CH₂)₆N₄ 1.0340 0.0005
H2O Uap 1936.9348 0.9816
1973.3258 1.0000
Asumsi kehilangan solid = 1% (Ludwig : 259)

Maka produk solid = 99% (Effisiensi Cyclone)
Berat Kehilangan 1% Produk
Komponen
kristal (CH₂)₆N₄ 35.3571 0.3536 35.0035
(CH₂)₆N₄ 1.0340 0.0103 1.0236
36.3911 0.3639 36.0271
Neraca Massa
Campuran dari Rotary Dryer : Kristal kering ke Cooling Conveyor :
Kristal(CH₂)₆N = 35.3571 Kristal(CH₂)₆N = 35.0035
(CH₂)₆N₄ = 1.0340 (CH₂)₆N₄ = 1.0236
H2O Uap = 1936.9348 = 36.0271
= 1973.3258 Limbah gas :
H2O Uap = 1936.9348
Kristal(CH₂)₆N = 0.3536
(CH₂)₆N₄ = 0.0103
= 1937.2987
Total = 1973.3258 Total = 1973.3258
7. COOLING CONVEYOR (E-345)

Air pendingin masuk (30℃)
Krsital dari rotary dryer

COOLING
CONVEYOR Kristal ke Ball Mill
Kristal dari cyclone
Air pendingin keluar
Feed masuk total = Feed dari Rotary Dryer + Feed dari Cyclone
Terdiri dari:
Dari Rotary Dryer Dari Cyclone Feed Total
Komponen
(CH₂)₆N₄.6H2O 3,500.3500 35.0035 3,535.3535
(CH₂)₆N₄ 102.3644 1.0236 103.3880
H2 O 3.6063 3.6063
3,606.3207 36.0271 3,642.3479
Neraca Massa :
Kristal dari Rotary Dryer : Kristal ke Ball Mill :
Kristal(CH₂)₆N = 3,500.3500 Kristal(CH₂)₆N = 3,535.3535
(CH₂)₆N₄ = 102.3644 (CH₂)₆N₄ = 103.3880
H2 O = 3.6063 H2O = 3.6063
= 3,606.3207 = 3,642.3479
Kristal dari Cyclone :

(CH₂)₆N₄ = 1.0236
= 36.0271
Total = 3,642.3479 Total = 3,642.3479

8. BALL MILL (C-350)
Recycle (R)
Feed Masuk (F) F'

BALL MILL SCREEN
Produk (P)
Neraca Massa Total : Feed masuk + Recycle = Feed Keluar

F + R = F'
F' = P + R
P = F' - R
Keterangan : F = Feed masuk Ball Mill
F' = Feed keluar Ball Mill
R = Recycle
P = Produk dari Screen
Feed Masuk :
Kristal (CH₂)₆N₄ 3,535.3535 0.9706
(CH₂)₆N₄ 103.3880 0.0284
H2 O 3.6063 0.0010
Total 3,642.3479 1.0000
Asumsi ukuran yang tidak sesuai (reject) = 5% ( Perry 7ed : 19-19 )

Bahan dengan ukuran yang sesuai = 95%
Neraca Massa Total :
Feed Masuk + Recycle = Feed Keluar
F + R = F'
R = 5% F (Recycle = 5% Feed Masuk)
F + 5% F = F'
F = 3,642.3479 kg
R = 5% F
= 5% x 3,642.3479 kg
= 182.1174 kg
F' = F + R
= 3,642.3479 + 182.1174
= 3,824.4653 kg
Komposisi Produk Keluar :

Feed Masuk (F) Recycle (R) Feed Keluar Ball
Komponen
(kg/jam) (kg/jam) Mill (F') (kg/jam)
Kristal(CH₂)₆N₄ 3,535.3535 176.7677 3,712.1212
(CH₂)₆N₄ 103.3880 5.1694 108.5574
H2 O 3.6063 0.1803 3.7866
3,642.3479 182.1174 3,824.4653
Neraca Massa :
Dari Cooling Conveyor : Ke Screen :
(CH₂)₆N₄ = 103.3880 (CH₂)₆N₄ = 108.5574
H2 O = 3.6063 H2O = 3.7866
= 3,642.3479 = 3,824.4653
Recycle dari Screen :

(CH₂)₆N₄ = 5.1694
H2 O = 0.1803
= 182.1174
Total = 3,824.4653 Total = 3,824.4653
9. SCREEN (H-360)
Recycle (R)
Feed Masuk (F) F'

BALL MILL SCREEN
Produk (P)
Neraca Massa Total : Feed masuk + Recycle = Feed keluar

F + R = F'
F' = P + R
P = F' - R
Feed masuk :
Berat Recycle (R)
Komponen
(kg/jam) (kg/jam)
Kristal (CH₂)₆N₄ 3,712.1212 176.7677
(CH₂)₆N₄ 108.5574 5.1694
H2 O 3.7866 0.1803
Total 3,824.4653 182.1174
Berdasarkan perhitungan pada Ball Mill :

Neraca Massa Total
F' = R + P
3,824.4653 = 182.1174 + P
P = 3,824.4653 - 182.1174
= 3,642.3479 kg
Terdiri dari :
Feed dari Ball Mill Recycle (R) Produk (P)
Komponen
Kristal (CH₂)₆N₄ 3,712.1212 176.7677 3,535.3535
(CH₂)₆N₄ 108.5574 5.1694 103.3880
H2 O 3.7866 0.1803 3.6063
Total 3,824.4653 182.1174 3,642.3479
Neraca Massa :
Dari Ball Mill : Ke Silo Hexamine :
(CH₂)₆N₄ = 108.5574 (CH₂)₆N₄ = 103.3880
H2 O = 3.7866 H2O = 3.6063
= 3,824.4653 = 3,642.3479
Recycle ke Ball Mill :

(CH₂)₆N₄ = 5.1694
H2O = 0.1803
= 182.1174
Total = 3,824.4653 Total = 3,824.4653
Spesifikasi Produk :
Berat Persen Berat
Komponen
(kg/jam) (%)
Kristal (CH₂)₆N₄ 3,535.3535 97.0625
(CH₂)₆N₄ 103.3880 2.8385
H2 O 3.6063 0.0990
Total 3,642.3479 100.0000
Spesifikasi Produk Komersial :

Kadar Hexamethylene = 97% - 99%
Kadar air dalam produk = 1% - 3%
Maka, produk (CH2)6N4.6H2O memenuhi syarat komersial
dan sesuai dengan kadar kemurnian (CH2)6N4.6H2O
10. SCRUBBER (D-220)

Air Proses
H2O
Air Proses
H2O
CH3OH(g)
CH2O(g)
CH3OH(g) NH3(g)
CH2O(g) SCRUBBER
NH3(g)
CH3OH
CH2O
NH3
Komponen masuk dari Reaktor :

Massa
Komponen Fraksi
(kg/jam)
Sisa 4 NH3 126.5596 0.1836
Sisa 6 CH2O 239.2934 0.3472
CH3OH 323.3694 0.4692
Total 689.2224 1.0000
Gas NH3 yang lepas ke udara = 5% x 126.5596

= 6.3280 kg/jam
Gas CH2O yang lepas ke udara = 5% x 239.2934

= 11.9647 kg/jam
Gas CH3OH yang lepas ke udara = 5% x 323.3694

= 16.1685 kg/jam
Gas NH3 yang terserap = 126.5596 - 6.3280

= 120.2316 kg/jam
= 7.0724 kmol/jam
Gas CH2O yang terserap = 239.2934 - 11.9647

= 227.3287 kg/jam
= 7.5776 kmol/jam
Gas CH3OH yang terserap = 323.3694 - 16.1685
= 307.2009 kg/jam
= 9.6000 kmol/jam
Scrubber gas NH3 dengan air proses pada suhu 30℃ kelarutan NH3 :
40 per 100 bagian air ( Perry 7ed table 2-123 ; Page 2-125)
Maka air yang dibutuhkan = 100

x 7.0724481958 kmol/jam
40
= 17.681120489 kmol/jam
Berat Air Proses NH3 = 17.681120489 kmol/jam
= 300.5790 kg/jam
Limbah ke WTP terbentuk = 120.2316 + 300.5790

= 420.8107 kg/jam
Kelarutan CH3OH dalam air yaitu sangat mudah larut ( Perry 7ed table 2-2)
Istilah kelarutan sangat mudah larut yaitu kurang dari 1 (Wikipedia Kelarutan)

x 9.6000 kmol/jam
0.89
= 1078.6550 kmol/jam
Berat Air Proses CH3OH = 1078.6550 x 32
= 34,516.9590 kg/jam
Limbah ke WTP terbentuk = 307.2009 + 34,516.9590

= 34,824.1599 kg/jam
Kelarutan CH2O dalam air yaitu mudah larut ( Perry 7ed table 2-2)
Istilah kelarutan mudah larut yaitu antara 1 - 10 (Wikipedia Kelarutan)

x 7.5776 kmol/jam
10
= 75.7762 kmol/jam
Berat Air Proses CH2O = 75.7762 x 30
= 2273.2869 kg/jam
Limbah ke WTP terbentuk = 227.3287 + 2273.2869 kg/jam

= 2500.6156 kg/jam
Berat Total Air Proses = 300.5790 + 2273.2869 + 34,516.9590

= 37,090.8250 kg/jam
Neraca Massa
Waste gas dari Reaktor : Menuju atmosfer :
NH3 = 126.5596 NH3 = 6.3280
CH2O = 239.2934 CH2O = 11.9647
CH3OH = 323.3694 CH 3
OH = 16.1685
= 689.2224 = 34.4611
Menuju tangki penampung atau WTP :

Air Proses = 37,090.8250 NH3 = 420.8107
CH2O = 2500.6156
CH3OH = 34,824.1599
= 37,745.5862
Total = 37,780.0473 Total = 37,780.0473
Kapasitas produksi :
Untuk basis 1000 kg/jam formaldehyde, didapat produk hexamethylene sebesar :
Produk hexamethylene = 3535.3535 kg/jam
= 84848.484848485 kg/hari (24 jam proses)
= 28000000 kg/tahun (330 hari kerja)
= 28000.0000 ton/tahun
Kapasitas terpasang = 28000 ton/tahun
Maka scale-up kapasitas 28000 1.0000
= =
28000.0000
Jadi kebutuhan bahan baku : 1.0000 x 1000
= 1000.0000 kg/jam
EVAPORATOR, CRYSTALLIZER DAN CENTRIFUGE
E R
F
A B C D
Evaporator Crystallizer Centrifuge
Perhitungan Recycle:
kelarutan urotropin pada suhu 30 oC sebesar 46,2 gram/100 gram pelarut
maka setelah proses kristalisasi sebesar 31,6005% urotropin yang larut di recycle
kembali ke evaporator
pada saat evaporasi, air yang diuapkan sebesar 58% dari air yang diumpankan (E)
Komponen F A E B C R D
(CH₂)₆N₄ 3536.2241 X - X X 0,3160X 0,6839X
H₂O ### Y 0,58Y 0,42 Y 0,42 Y 0,6839(0,42Y) 0,1305Y
Neraca Massa Komponen (CH₂)₆N₄ :

= R + F (Masuk)
= 0,3160X + 3536.2241
= 5169.9183 kg
H₂O masuk:
= R + F
= 0.2895 Y + 10562.7510
= ###
Komponen F A E B C
(CH₂)₆N₄ 3536.2241 5169.9183 - 5169.91827 5169.91827
H₂O ### ### 8622.72671 6244.04348 6244.04348
Komponen R D
(CH₂)₆N₄ 1633.6942 3535.7071
H₂O 4304.0192 1940.5411
Trial & Error Fraksi H₂O

Y X Y*X
### 0.13053 1940.5411
Data Kelarutan Urotropin dari Keyes :
Suhu Kelarutan (gr/gr pelarut)
25 oC 46.5
70 C
o
43.4
dengan cara interpolasi, didapat kelarutan urotropin pada suh30 oC = 46.2
gr/gr pel
Data kelarutan produk (Kent and Riegel's):
Suhu Kelarutan Urotropin
20 oC 87,4 gr/100 ml
25 C
o
86,7 gr/100 ml
60 C
o
84,4 gr/100 ml
sehingga didapat kelarutan urotropin pada s 30 oC = 86,4 gr/100 ml
Suhu crystallizer adalah 30℃

Diketahui kelarutan (CH2)6N4 pada suhu 30℃ adalah 46.2 gram / 100 gram pelarut
(CH2)6N4 yang terlarut dalam 227.7806 kg air adalah :
46.2
= x 0.0000
100
= 0.0000 kg/jam
Kristal (CH2)6N4 yang dihasilkan adalah :

= ((CH2)6N4 yang masuk - (CH2)6N4 yang terlarut dalam air)
= ( = - 0.0000 )
= #VALUE! kg/jam
Ke Centrifuge:
= P
= P + R
Neraca massa komponen Urotropin :
x ### = ### x ### + R
### = ### + R
R = ###
ke crystallizer :
= D
APPENDIX B
NERACA PANAS
Kapasitas Produksi Urotropin = 28,000.0000 ton/tahun

= 3,535.3535 kg/jam
Basis Bahan Baku Formaldehy= 1 ton/jam = 1000 kg/jam
Waktu Operasi = 1 tahun = 330 hari
1 hari = 24 jam
Satuan Massa = kilogram/jam
Satuan Panas = kilokalori/jam
Temperature Refferensi = 25 ℃
Persamaan panas untuk kondisi aliran steady; Q = ΔH = H2 - H1

𝑛 ∫_𝑇𝑟𝑒�^𝑇▒
ΔH = n . Cp . ΔT〖𝐶𝑝
= ∆𝑇〗 (Himmelblau : 410)
Dengan : H = Panas ; kkal

n = Berat Bahan ; kmol
Cp = Spesific Heat ; kkal/kmol.Kelvin
Tref = Suhu Reference ; Kelvin
T = Suhu Bahan ; Kelvin
Cp = A + B.T + C.T2 + D.T3 (Himmelblau : 410)

Dengan : Cp = Spesific Heat ; kkal/kmol.Kelvin
A, B, C, D = Konstanta
T = Suhu bahan ; Kelvin
Perhitungan integrasi ΔH, (Himmelblau : 410) :

Cp = A + B.T + C.T2 + D.T3 (Sherwood : Appendix A)
Cp = kkal/kmol.Kelvin
𝑛 𝑛 ∫_𝑇𝑟𝑒�^𝑇▒ 〖 (𝐴+𝐵.
ΔH = ∫_𝑇𝑟𝑒�^𝑇▒ = 〖� +𝐶.𝑇 〗 ^2+𝐷.𝑇^3) 〗 ��
〖𝐶𝑝 ∆𝑇〗
𝑛 [█((𝐴( 𝑇−𝑇_𝑟𝑒� ))+(𝐵/2 (𝑇^2− 〖� _𝑟𝑒� 〗 ^2 ))+" " (𝐶/3

=
(𝑇^3− 〖� _𝑟𝑒� 〗 ^3 ))+@(𝐷/4 (𝑇^4− 〖� _𝑟𝑒� 〗 ^4 )) )]
= kmol x kkal x K
kmol.K
= kkal
Perhitungan Integrasi ΔH, (Perry 7ed, T.2-194):
Cp = A + B.T + C/T
Cp = kkal/kmol.K
𝑛 𝑛
ΔH = ∫_𝑇𝑟𝑒�^𝑇▒ = ∫_𝑇𝑟𝑒�^𝑇▒ 〖 (𝐴+𝐵.𝑇+
𝐶/𝑇) 〗 ��
= 𝑛 [(𝐴( 𝑇−𝑇_𝑟𝑒� ))+(𝐵/2 (𝑇^2− 〖𝑇 _𝑟𝑒� 〗 ^2 ))+" " (𝐶/

((1/𝑇−1/𝑇_𝑟𝑒� ) ))]
= kmol x kkal x K
kmol.K
= kkal
Data konstanta heat capacity (A, B, C, D)

Literature : Himmelblau Tabel E.1
Satuan : J/mol K atau ℃
BM B C D
Komponen A
kg/kmol 100 100000 1000000000
NH3(g) 17.03 35.15 2.954 0.4421 -6.686
H2O(l) 18.016 18.2964 47.212 -133.88 1314.2
H2O(g) 18.016 33.46 0.6880 0.7604 -3.593
CH3OH(g) 32.04 42.93 8.301 -1.87 -8.03
CH2O(g) 30.03 34.28 4.268 0.00000 -8.694
T Literatur
℃ Himmelblau
K Himmelblau
℃ Himmelblau
K Himmelblau
℃ Himmelblau
℃ Himmelblau
BM
Komponen A B C D
kg/kmol
NH3(g) 17.03 35.15 0.02954 0.0000044 -6.686E-09
H2O(l) 18.016 18.2964 0.47212 -0.0013388 1.3142E-06
H2O(g) 18.016 33.46 0.00688 0.0000076 -3.593E-09
CH3OH(g) 32.04 42.93 0.08301 -0.0000187 -8.03E-09
CH2O(g) 30.03 34.28 0.04268 0.00000000 -8.694E-09
Konversi Satuan Panas :

1 kj/mol = 0.2388 kcal/mol
1 kcal/mol = 4.1840 kj/mol
1 cal/mol = 4.1868 J/mol
1 kcal/mol = 1000 cal/mol
1 kilojoule = 0.2390 kilokalori
Kapasitas Panas Elemen Solid Dan Liquid (Joule/mol.K)

Elements Solid Elements Liquid
C 10.89 N 31.38
H 7.56 O 35.15
O 13.42 CH2 30.38
N 18.74
All Other 26.63
( Perry 7ed ; Tabel 2-394 dan Tabel 2-393 )
Spesific Heat Capacity

BM Spesific Heat Literature
Komponen
kg/mol ( cal/mol.K)
(CH₂)₆N₄(l) 140 73.5168 Perry (Table 2-394)
(CH₂)₆N₄(s) 248 36.3738 NIST Chemistry WebBoo
CH2O(l) 30 15.6516 Perry (Table 2-394)
CH3OH(l) 32 19.3728 NIST Chemistry WebBoo
NH3(l) 17 19.2987 Engineering Toolbox
Cp H2O (30℃) = 75.3500 J/K mol ( Lange's)

= 18.0011 cal/ K mol
1. HEATER FORMALDEHYDE (E-130) 2. HEATER AMMON
Steam
148°C
Ammonia (30℃)
Formaldehyde 37% HEATER Formaldehyde 37%
30℃ 80℃
Steam
Condensate
148°C
Kondisi Operasi : Kondisi Operasi :
Tekanan = 1 atm Tekanan
Suhu = 80 ℃ (Berdasarkan suhu keluar heater) Suhu
Neraca Energi Total : Neraca Energi Total :

DH bahan masuk + Q supply = DH bahan keluar + Q loss DH bahan masuk + Q s
T saat masuk heater = 30 ℃ = 303.15 K T saat masuk heater

T reference = 25 ℃ = 298.15 K T reference
T saat keluar heater = 80 ℃ = 353.15 K T saat keluar heater
Entalpi masuk : Entalpi masuk :

1. Entalpi Formaldehyde dari tangki penampung pada suhu 30℃ (303,15 K) 1. Entalpi Ammonia da
Massa bahan masuk : Massa bahan masuk :
Berat BM Rate mol
Komponen Komponen
(kg/jam) (kg/kmol) (kmol/jam)
CH₂O(l) 4785.8672 30 159.5289 NH3(g)
CH₃OH(l) 323.3694 32 10.1053 H2O(g)
H₂O(l) 7825.5396 18 434.7522 Total
Total 12934.7762
Entalpi Ammonia ma
Entalpi formaldehyde masuk pada suhu 30℃ (303,15 K)
ΔH NH3(g)
ΔH CH2O(l) = n x Cp x ΔT = n [( Cp(T-Treff))]
= 159,5289 [(15,6516(303,15 - 298,15))]
= 12484.3905 kkal/jam
ΔH H2O(g)
ΔH CH3OH(l) = n x Cp x ΔT = n [( Cp(T-Treff))]
= 10,1053 [(19,3728(303,15 - 298,15))]
= 978.8387 kkal/jam
ΔH H2O(l) = 〖𝐶𝑝 ∆𝑇〗 = n[(A( T-Tref)) + (B/2(T²-Tref ²)) +
(C/3(T³-Tref ³)) + (D/4(T⁴-Tref ⁴))]
= 434,7522 [(18,2964 (303,15 - 298,15)) + Entalpi Ammonia kel
(0,47212/2 (303,152 - 298,152)) + (-0,0013388/3
(303,153-298,153)) + (1,3142x10-6/4 (303,154 - 298,154))] ΔH NH3(g)
= 40,055.2128 kj/jam
= 9573.1959 kkal/jam
Entalpi formaldehyde keluar pada suhu 80℃ (353,15 K)
= 159,5289 [(15,6516(353,15 - 298,15))]
= 137,328.2958 kkal/jam
ΔH H2O(g)
= 10,1053 [(19,3728(303,15 - 298,15))]
= 10767.2259 kkal/jam
(C/3(T³-Tref ³)) + (D/4(T⁴-Tref ⁴))] Hasil perhitungan tot
= 434,7522 [(18,2964 (353,15 - 298,15)) +
Komponen
(0,47212/2 (353,152 - 298,152)) + (-0,0013388/3
(353,153-298,153)) + (1,3142x10-6/4 (353,154 - 298,154))] NH3(g)
= 440,634.7271 kj/jam H2O(g)
= 105,311.6998 kkal/jam
Neraca Energi Total :

ΔH bahan masuk + Q s
Hasil perhitungan total entalpi yang ditabelkan : Asumsi Q los
Masuk Keluar ( Kehilangan di izinkan
Komponen
(kkal/jam) (kkal/jam)
CH₂O(l) 12484.3905 137,328.2958 ΔH bahan masuk + Q s
CH₃OH(l) 978.8387 10,767.2259 4,591.2423
H2O(l) 9573.1959 105,311.6998
Total 23,036.4251 253,407.2215
Neraca Energi Total : Kebutuhan Steam :

ΔH bahan masuk + Q supply = ΔH bahan keluar + Q loss Kebutuhan steam pada
Asumsi Q los = 5% Q supply λ steam
( Kehilangan di izinkan hingga 10% ) ( Ulrich ; 432 ) Q steam
Msteam
ΔH bahan masuk + Q supply = ΔH bahan keluar + Q loss
23,036.4251 + Q supply = 253,407.2215 + 5% dari Q supply
Q supply = 242,495.5752 kkal/jam
Q loss = 12,124.7788 kkal/jam
Kebutuhan Steam : Neraca Energi :

Kebutuhan steam pada tekanan 4.5 atm dan suhu steam (Ulrich : 426) Panas Masuk (kka
λ steam = 2119.5 kj/kg = 506.45 kkal/kg ( Smith 7ed ; Page 718) Larutan Ammonia :
Q steam = Msteam . λ NH3(g)
Q H2O(g)
Msteam =
λ
242,495.5752
=
506.45 Q Supply
= 478.8144 kg/jam
Neraca Energi :
Panas Masuk (kkal/jam) Panas Keluar (kkal/jam)
Larutan Formaldehyde : Larutan Formaldehyde Ke Reaktor :
CH₂O(l) = 12484.3905 CH₂O(l) = 137,328.2958
CH₃OH(l) = 978.8387 CH₃OH(l) = 10,767.2259
H2O(l) = 9573.1959 H2O(l) = 105,311.6998
= 23036.4251 = 253,407.2215
Q Supply = 242,495.5752 Q Loss = 12,124.7788

Total = 265,532.0003 Total = 265,532.0003
2. REAKTOR (R-210)
Tekanan Operasi = 1 atm

Suhu Operasi = 80 ℃ ( US Patent : 2,449,040 )
Waktu Operasi = 30 menit ( US Patent : 2,640,826 )
Air Pendingin, 30℃ (Ulrich : 427)

CH2O(l)
CH3OH(l)
H2O(l) CH₃OH(g)
CH2O(g)
NH3(g)
REAKTOR
NH3(g)
H2O(g) (CH₂)₆N₄(l)
H2O(l)
Air Pendingin, 45℃ (Ulrich : 427)
Reaksi yang terjadi: (Keyes: 419)

4 NH₃ + 6 CH₂O → (CH₂)₆N₄ + 6 H2O

Entalpi bahan masuk + ΔH reaksi = Entalpi bahan keluar + Q serap
T saat masuk reaktor = 80 ℃ = 353.15 K

T reference = 25 ℃ = 298.15 K
T saat keluar reaktor = 80 ℃ = 353.15 K
Entalpi Bahan Masuk : 𝑛 ∫_𝑇𝑟𝑒�^𝑇▒

1. Entalpi formaldehyde liquid pada suhu 80℃,〖𝐶𝑝
ΔH ∆𝑇〗
=
Massa Bahan :
Berat BM Rate mol
Komponen
CH2O(l) 4785.8672 30 159.5289
CH3OH(l) 323.3694 32 10.1053
H2O(l) 7825.5396 18 434.7522
Total 12934.7762
2. Entalpi Ammonia gas pada suhu 80℃,〖𝐶𝑝
ΔH ∆𝑇〗
=
Berat BM Rate mol

Komponen
NH3(g) 1844.1542 17 108.4797
H2O(g) 9.2671 18 0.5148
Total 1853.4213
Entalpi bahan masuk formaldehyde pada suhu 80℃ (353,15 K)
= 159,5289 [(15,6516(353,15 - 298,15))]
= 137,328.2958 kkal/jam
= 10,1053 [(19,3728(353,15 - 298,15))]
= 10,767.2259 kkal/jam
(C/3(T³-Tref ³)) + (D/4(T⁴-Tref ⁴))]
= 434,7522 [(18,2964 (353,15 - 298,15)) +
(0,47212/2 (353,152 - 298,152)) + (-0,0013388/3
(353,153-298,153)) + (1,3142x10-6/4 (353,154 - 298,154))]
= 440,634.7271 kj/jam
= 105,311.6998 kkal/jam
Entalpi bahan masuk ammonia pada suhu 80℃ (353,15 K)

ΔH NH3(g) = 〖𝐶𝑝 ∆𝑇〗 = n[(A( T-Tref)) + (B/2(T²-Tref ²)) +
(C/3(T³-Tref ³)) + (D/4(T⁴-Tref ⁴))]
= 108,4797 [(35,15 (353,15 - 298,15)) +
(0,02954/2 (353,152 - 298,152)) + (0,0000044/3
(353,153-298,153)) + (-6,686x10-9/4 (353,154 - 298,154))]
= 210,260.4370 kj/jam
= 50,252.2444 kkal/jam
ΔH H2O(g) = 〖𝐶𝑝 ∆𝑇〗 = n[(A( T-Tref)) + (B/2(T²-Tref ²)) +
(C/3(T³-Tref ³)) + (D/4(T⁴-Tref ⁴))]
= 0,5148 [(33,46 (353,15 - 298,15)) +
(0,00688/2 (353,152 - 298,152)) + (0,0000076/3
(353,153-298,153)) + (-3,593x10-9/4 (353,154 - 298,154))]
= 1108.2682 kj/jam
= 264.8761 kkal/jam
Entalpi Bahan Keluar :

1. Entalpi produk bawah ke Evaporator pada suhu 80℃ (353,15 K)
𝑛
ΔH = ∫_𝑇𝑟𝑒�^𝑇▒
Massa Bahan :
Berat BM Rate mol
Komponen
(CH₂)₆N₄(l) 5169.9183 140 36.9280
6 H₂O(l) 6244.0435 18 346.8913
Total 11,413.9618
Entalpi bahan keluar pada suhu 80℃ (353,15 K) :

ΔH (CH₂)₆N₄(l) = n x Cp x ΔT = n [(Cp(T-Tref))]
= 36,9280 [(73,5168(353,15-298,15))]
= 149,315.4445 kkal/jam
(C/3(T³-Tref ³)) + (D/4(T⁴-Tref ⁴))]
= 346,8913 [(18,2964 (353,15 - 298,15)) +
(0,47212/2 (353,152 - 298,152)) + (-0,0013388/3
(353,153-298,153)) + (1,3142x10-6/4 (353,154 - 298,154))]
= 352,220.1316 kj/jam
= 84,180.6115 kkal/jam
2. Entalpi waste gas keluar dari bagian atas Reaktor pada suhu 80℃ (353,15 K)
𝑛
Massa Bahan :
Berat BM Rate mol
Komponen
NH3(g) 126.5596 17 7.4447
CH2O(g) 239.2934 30 7.9764
CH3OH(g) 323.3694 32 10.1053
Total 689.2224
(C/3(T³-Tref ³)) + (D/4(T⁴-Tref ⁴))]
= 7,4447 [(35,15 (353,15 - 298,15)) +
(0,02954/2 (353,152 - 298,152)) + (0,0000044/3
(353,153-298,153)) + (-6,686x10-9/4 (353,154 - 298,154))]
= 14,934.5731 kj/jam
= 3,569.3630 kkal/jam
ΔH CH2O(g) = 〖𝐶𝑝 ∆𝑇〗 = n[(A( T-Tref)) + (B/2(T²-Tref ²)) +
(C/3(T³-Tref ³)) + (D/4(T⁴-Tref ⁴))]
= 7,9764[(34,28 (353,15 - 298,15)) +
(0,04268/2 (353,152 - 298,152)) + (0,00000000/3
(353,153-298,153)) + (-8,694x10-9/4 (353,154 - 298,154))]
= 15,786.5897 kj/jam
= 3,772.9949 kkal/jam
ΔH CH3OH(g) = 〖𝐶𝑝 ∆𝑇〗 = n[(A( T-Tref)) + (B/2(T²-Tref ²)) +
(C/3(T³-Tref ³)) + (D/4(T⁴-Tref ⁴))]
= 10,1053 [(42,93 (353,15 - 298,15)) +
(0,08301/2 (353,152 - 298,152)) + (-0,0000187/3
(353,153-298,153)) + (-8,03x10-9/4 (353,154 - 298,154))]
= 19,800.3208 kj/jam
= 4,732.2767 kkal/jam
Hasil perhitungan total entalpi yang ditabelkan :

Masuk Keluar
Komponen
CH2O(l) 137,328.2958 -
CH3OH(l) 10,767.2259 -
H2O(l) 105,311.6998 -
NH3(g) 50,252.2444 -
H2O(g) 264.8761 -
(CH₂)₆N₄(l) - 149,315.4445
H2O(l) - 84,180.6115
CH2O(g) - 3,772.9949
NH3(g) - 3,569.3630
CH3OH(g) - 4,732.2767
Total 303,924.3421 245,570.6905
Panas Reaksi :
Berdasarkan Himmelblau Halaman 456 :
Panas reaksi pada suhu 80℃ (353.15 K) :
ΔHR,353.15K = ΔHR, Tref + (ΔHProduk - ΔHReaktan)
ΔHReaktan = Entalpi bahan masuk
ΔHProduk = Entalpi bahan keluar
ΔHR, Tref = Panas Reaksi pada suhu reference
Tref = Suhu Reference = 25 °C = 298.15 K
ΔHR,298.15K = ΔH°F Produk - ΔH°F Reaktan
ΔH°F = Panas pembentukan bahan
Reaksi yang terjadi : (Keyes: 419)

4 NH₃ + 6 CH₂O → (CH₂)₆N₄ + 6 H₂O
Data H°F komponen :

ΔH°F ΔH°F
Komponen Literature
(kjoule/mol) (kkal/mol)
NH3 -10.9600 Perry 7ed;T.2-220
CH2O -10.8600 Perry 7ed;T.2-221
(CH₂)₆N₄ 123.0000 29.3781 NIST WebBook
H₂O -68.3174 Perry 7ed;T.2-220
Tinjauan Panas Reaksi : 1 kmol = 1000 mol

Dari Neraca Massa :
mol NH3 = 108.4797 kmol = 108,479.6565 mol
mol CH2O = 159.5289 kmol = 159,528.9067 mol
mol (CH2)6N4 = 25.2587 kmol = 25,258.7436 mol
mol H2O = 151.5525 kmol = 151,552.4613 mol
ΔHR298.15K = [(14.115,0827 x (29,3781)) + (84.690,4959 x (-68,3174))]

- [(59.431,9270 x (10,9600)) + (89.147,8904 x (10,8600))]
= -9,611,617.2890 - 2,921,420.9621
= -12,533,038.2511 kkal
ΔHR298.15K = negatif (-), maka reaksi berjalan secara eksotermis untuk
reaksi yang eksotermis, maka diperlukan pendingin untuk
menjaga suhu tetap konstan
ΔHReaktan = 303,924.3421 ( Total Entalpi bahan masuk ke Reaktor )

ΔHProduk = 233,496.0560 ( Total Entalpi produk keluar ke Evaporator )
ΔHsisa = 12,074.6346 ( Total Entalpi sisa ke Scrubber )
ΔHR353.15K = ΔHR,Tref + (ΔHProduk - ΔHReaktan)
= -12,533,038.2511 + (233.496,0560 - 303.924,3421)
= -12,603,466.5372 kkal
ΔHR353.15K = negatif (-), maka reaksi berjalan secara eksotermis untuk
reaksi yang eksotermis, maka diperlukan pendingin untuk
menjaga suhu tetap konstan
Neraca Energi Total

Entalpi total bahan masuk + ΔH reaks= Entalpi total bahan keluar + Q serap
303,924.3421 + 12,603,466.5372 = 245,570.6905 + Q serap
12,907,390.8793 = 245,570.6905 + Q serap
Q serap = 12,661,820.1887 kkal/jam
Kebutuhan Air Pendingin :

Suhu air pendingin masuk = 30 °C (Ulrich : 427)
Suhu air pendingin keluar = 45 °C (Ulrich : 427)
Cp air pendingin = 0.99866 kkal/kg. (Perry 5ed; Pg.3-126)
Q serap = m . Cp . ΔT
M air pendingin Q serap

=
Cp . ΔT
12,661,820.1887
=
0.99866 x (45-30)
= 845,253.9863 kg/jam
Neraca Energi
Masuk (kkal/jam) Keluar (kkal/jam)
Feed masuk dari Tangki PenyimpaProduk bawah ke Evaporator :
CH2O(l) = 137,328.2958 (CH₂)₆N₄(l) = 149,315.4445
CH3OH(l) = 10,767.2259 H2O(l) = 84,180.6115
H2O(l) = 105,311.6998 = 233,496.0560
NH3(g) = 50,252.2444
H2O(g) = 264.8761 Waste gas ke Scrubber :
= 303,924.3421 CH2O(g) = 3,772.9949
NH3(g) = 3,569.3630
ΔHReaksi = 12,603,466.5372 CH3OH(g) = 4,732.2767
= 12,074.6346
Q serap = 12,661,820.1887
Total = 12,907,390.8793 Total = 12,907,390.8793
4. VACUUM EVAPORATOR (V-310)
Tekanan Operasi = 0.6919 atm (Tekanan atmosfer)

Suhu Operasi = 90 ℃ (Dibawah 100℃ karena vacuum)
Sistem Kerja = Kontinyu
Steam, 148℃ (Ulrich : 426)
Larutan (CH₂)₆N₄ Vacuum Uap air (90℃)

(80℃)
Evaporato
Larutan (CH₂)₆N₄ 55%
r (90℃)
Steam Condensat, 148 (Ulrich : 426)
T saat masuk evaporator = 80 ℃ = 353.15 K

T reference = 25 ℃ = 298.15 K
T saat keluar evaporator = 90 ℃ = 363.15 K

Entalpi bahan masuk + Q supply = Entalpi bahan keluar + Q loss
Entalpi bahan masuk :

1. Entalpi larutan (CH₂)₆N₄ dari Reaktor pada suhu 80℃ (353,15 K)
𝑛
Massa bahan :
Berat BM Rate mol
Komponen
(CH₂)₆N₄(l) 3536.2241 140 25.2587
H₂O(l) 10562.7510 18 586.8195
Total 14,098.9751
= 25,2587 [(73,5168(353,15-298,15))]
= 102,131.7640 kkal/jam
(C/3(T³-Tref ³)) + (D/4(T⁴-Tref ⁴))]
= 586,8195 [(18,2964 (353,15 - 298,15)) +
(0,47212/2 (353,152 - 298,152)) + (-0,0013388/3
(353,153-298,153)) + (1,3142x10-6/4 (353,154 - 298,154))]
= 593,660.3558 kj/jam
= 141,884.8250 kkal/jam
Entalpi Total= 102,131.7640 + 141,884.8250

= 244,016.5891 kkal/jam
2. Entalpi mother liquor dari recycle centrifuge pada suhu 80℃ (353,15 K)
𝑛
Massa bahan :
Berat BM Rate mol
Komponen
Komponen
(CH₂)₆N₄(l) 1633.6942 140 11.6692
H₂O(l) 4304.0192 18 239.1122
Total 5937.7133
= 11,6692 [(73,5168(353,15-298,15))]
= 47,183.6805 kkal/jam
(C/3(T³-Tref ³)) + (D/4(T⁴-Tref ⁴))]
= 239,1122 [(18,2964 (353,15 - 298,15)) +
(0,47212/2 (353,152 - 298,152)) + (-0,0013388/3
(353,153-298,153)) + (1,3142x10-6/4 (353,154 - 298,154))]
= 243,761.7793 kj/jam
= 58,259.0652 kkal/jam
Entalpi Total = 47,183.6805 + 58,259.0652

= 105,442.7457 kkal/jam
Total Entalpi Bahan Mas = 244,016.5891 + 105,442.7457

= 349,459.3348 kkal/jam
Entalpi bahan keluar :

1. Entalpi produk bawah ke crystallizer pada suhu 90℃ (363,15 K)
𝑛
Massa bahan :
Berat BM Rate mol
Komponen
(CH₂)₆N₄(l) 5169.9183 140 36.9280
H₂O(l) 6244.0435 18 346.8913
Total 11413.9618
= 36,9280 [(73,5168(363,15-298,15))]
= 176,463.7071 kkal/jam
(C/3(T³-Tref ³)) + (D/4(T⁴-Tref ⁴))]
= 346,8913 [(18,2964 (363,15 - 298,15)) +
(0,47212/2 (363,152 - 298,152)) + (-0,0013388/3
(363,153-298,153)) + (1,3142x10-6/4 (363,154 - 298,154))]
= 416,266.1072 kj/jam
= 99,487.5996 kkal/jam
Entalpi Total = 176,463.7071 + 99,487.5996

= 275,951.3068 kkal/jam
2. Entalpi uap air ke barometric condensor pada suhu 90℃ (363,15 K)

𝑛
H = ∫_𝑇𝑟𝑒�^𝑇▒ + n x λ (Terjadi perubahan fase)
Massa uap air= 8622.7267 kg/jam = 479.0404 kmol/jam
ΔH H2O = = [(A( T-Tref)) + (B/2(T²-Tref ²)) +

(C/3(T³-Tref ³)) + (D/4(T⁴-Tref ⁴))]
= [(33,46 (363,15 - 298,15)) +
(0,00688/2 (363,152 - 298,152)) + (0,0000076/3
(363,153-298,153)) + (-3,593x10-9/4 (363,154 - 298,154))]
= 2,368.4537 kjoule/kmol
= 566.0604 kkal/mol
λ H2O = 9,729.0000 kkal/kmol (Perry 7ed ; T. 2-190)
Entalpi bahan : H = +nx λ
H H2O Uap = [479,0404 kmol/jamx566,0604 kkal/kmol] +

[479,0404 kmol/jam x 9729,0000 kkal/kmol]
= 4,931,749.5890 kkal/jam
Total Entalpi Bahan Keluar = 275,951.3068 + 4,931,749.5890

= 5,207,700.8957 kkal/jam

Entalpi bahan masuk + Q supp= Entalpi bahan keluar + Q loss
Asumsi Q los = 5% dari Q supply
( Diizinkan kehilangan hingga 10% ) ( Ulrich ; 432 )
349,459.3348 + Q supply = 5,207,700.8957 + 5% dari Q supply
Q supply = 5,207,700.8957 - 349,459.3348
0.95
Q supply = 5,113,938.4852 kkal/jam
Q loss = 5,113,938.4852 x 0.05
= 255,696.9243 kkal/jam
Kebutuhan Steam :
Kebutuhan steam pada tekanan 4.5 atm dan suhu steam 148℃ (Ulrich : 426)
λ steam = 2119.5 kj/kg = 506.45 kkal/k ( Smith 7ed ; Page 718)
Q steam = Msteam . λ
Q
Msteam =
λ
5,113,938.4852
=
506.45
= 10,097.6177 kg/jam
Steam Ekonomi = V = H2O menguap

S Kebutuhan Steam
= 8622.7267
10097.6177
= 0.8539
( Jadi diperlukan satu buah evaporator untuk menguapkan air )
Neraca Energi :
Larutan (CH2)6N4 dari Reaktor : Larutan (CH2)6N4 42% ke Crystallizer :
(CH₂)₆N₄(l) = 102,131.7640 (CH₂)₆N₄ = 176,463.7071
H2O(l) = 141,884.8250 6 H2O = 99,487.5996
= 244,016.5891 = 275,951.3068
Mother liquor dari recycle centrifuUap H2O = 4,931,749.5890

(CH₂)₆N₄(l) = 47,183.6805
H2O(l) = 58,259.0652 Q loss = 255,696.9243
= 105,442.7457
Q supply = 5,113,938.4852
Total = 5,463,397.8200 Total = 5,463,397.8200
5. BAROMETRIC CONDENSOR (E-312)
(Air Pendingin 30℃)
Barometric
Uap H2O H2O(l)
Condensor
90℃ 90℃
Uap dari Evaporator ( Ke Hot Well )
(Air Pendingin 45℃)
T saat masuk condensor = 90 ℃ = 363.15 K

T reference = 25 ℃ = 298.15 K
T saat keluar condensor = 90 ℃ = 363.15 K
Entalpi Bahan Masuk :

Uap H2O dari Evaporator pada suhu 90℃
Uap H2O = 4,931,749.5890 kkal/jam
Asumsi :
( Non Condensable gas tidak boleh melebihi 1% dari uap air yang masuk )
( Ludwig , Page ; 375 )
Masuk Jet Ejector
Uap air yang lolos ( Non Condensable Ga 0.99% x Uap air yang masuk
= 0.99% x 8622.7267
= 85.3650 kg/jam
= 4.7425 kmol/jam
Kondensat = Uap air yang masuk - Uap air non Condensat
= 8622.7267 - 85.3650
= 8537.3617 kg/jam = 474.2979 kmol/jam
Uap air masuk ke Jet Ejector pada suhu 90℃
H2O(g) = n = n[(A( T-Tref)) + (B/2(T²-Tref ²)) +

(C/3(T³-Tref ³)) + (D/4(T⁴-Tref ⁴))]
= 4,7425 [(33,46 (363,15 - 298,15)) +
(0,00688/2 (363,152 - 298,152)) + (0,0000076/3
(363,153-298,153)) + (-3,593x10-9/4 (363,154 - 298,154))]
= 10,508.0163 kj/jam
= 2,511.4159 kkal/jam
Condensat H2O(l) ke penampung pada suhu 90℃
𝑛
H2O(l) = ΔH = ∫_𝑇𝑟𝑒�^𝑇▒+ n x λ (Terjadi perubahan fase)
λ vapor = 9,729.0000 kkal/kmol
H2O(l) = n = n[(A( T-Tref)) + (B/2(T²-Tref ²)) +

(C/3(T³-Tref ³)) + (D/4(T⁴-Tref ⁴))]
= 474,2979 [(18,2964 (363,15 - 298,15)) +
(0,47212/2 (363,152 - 298,152)) + (-0,0013388/3
(363,153-298,153)) + (1,3142x10-6/4 (363,154 - 298,154))]
= 567,786.4075 kj/jam
= 135,700.9514 kkal/jam
𝑛
H2O(l) = ΔH = ∫_𝑇𝑟𝑒�^𝑇▒+ n x λ
= 135,700.9514 + 474.2979 x 9,729.0000
= 4,750,144.9597 kkal/jam
Total Entalpi Bahan Kelu = 2,511.4159 + 4,750,144.9597

= 4,752,656.3756 kkal/jam

Entalpi Bahan Masuk = Entalpi Bahan Keluar
Entalpi Bahan Masuk = Entalpi Bahan Keluar + Q serap
4,931,749.5890 = 4,752,656.3756 + Q serap
Q serap = 4,931,749.5890 - 4,752,656.3756
Q serap = 179,093.2134 kkal/jam


=
Cp . ΔT
179,093.2134
=
0.99866 x (45-30)
= 11,955.5680 kg/jam
Neraca Energi :
Uap air keluar Evaporator : Uap air menguap ke udara :
H2O(g) = 4,931,749.5890 H2O(g) = 2,511.4159
Condensat :
H2O(l) = 4,750,144.9597
Q serap = 179,093.2134
Total = 4,931,749.5890 Total = 4,931,749.5890
6. SCRUBBER (D-220)
NH3(g)
Air Proses 30℃ CH2O(g) 32℃
CH3OH(g) (Ulrich ; Pg. 433)
SCRUBBER
NH3(g)
CH2O(g) WTP 45℃ NH3(l)
CH3OH(g) CH2O(l)
80℃ CH3OH(l)
Kondisi Operasi :
Tekanan = 1 atm (tekanan atmosfer)
Suhu = 30℃ + 2℃ (Ulrich ; Page 433)
= 32℃

ΔH bahan masuk = ΔH produk keluar + Q loss
Entalpi Bahan Masuk :

1. Entalpi waste gas keluar Reaktor menuju Scrubber pada suhu 80℃ (353,15 K)
Massa bahan masuk : (Dari neraca massa)
Berat BM Rate mol
Komponen
NH3(g) 126.5596 17 7.4447
CH2O(g) 239.2934 30 7.9764
CH3OH(g) 323.3694 32 10.1053
Total 689.2224
T saat masuk scrubb = 80 ℃ = 353.15 K
T reference = 25 ℃ = 298.15 K
T saat keluar scrubb = 32 ℃ = 305.15 K
T air proses masuk = 30 ℃ = 303.15 K
T air proses keluar = 45 ℃ = 318.15 K
Suhu bahan masuk 80℃ (353,15 K)

(C/3(T³-Tref ³)) + (D/4(T⁴-Tref ⁴))]
= 7,4447 [(35,15 (353,15 - 298,15)) +
(0,02954/2 (353,152 - 298,152)) + (0,0000044/3
(353,153-298,153)) + (-6,686x10-9/4 (353,154 - 298,154))]
= 14,934.5731 kj/jam
= 3,569.3630 kkal/jam
(C/3(T³-Tref ³)) + (D/4(T⁴-Tref ⁴))]
= 7,9764 [(34,28 (353,15 - 298,15)) +
(0,04268/2 (353,152 - 298,152)) + (0,00000000/3
(353,153-298,153)) + (-8,694x10-9/4 (353,154 - 298,154))]
= 15,786.5897 kj/jam
= 3,772.9949 kkal/jam
(C/3(T³-Tref ³)) + (D/4(T⁴-Tref ⁴))]
= 10,1053 [(42,93 (353,15 - 298,15)) +
(0,08301/2 (353,152 - 298,152)) + (-0,0000187/3
(353,153-298,153)) + (-8,03x10-9/4 (353,154 - 298,154))]
= 25,222.1956 kj/jam
= 6,028.1048 kkal/jam
Total Entalpi = 3,569.3630 + 3,772.9949 + 6,028.1048

= 13,370.4627 kkal/jam
2. Entalpi air proses dari utilitas pada suhu 30℃ (303.15 k)

Massa bahan masuk : ( Dari neraca massa )
Berat BM Rate mol
Komponen
H2O(l) 37,090.8250 18 2060.6014
Total 37,090.8250
(C/3(T³-Tref ³)) + (D/4(T⁴-Tref ⁴))]
= 2060,6014 [(18,2964 (303,15 - 298,15)) +
(0,47212/2 (303,152 - 298,152)) + (-0,0013388/3
(303,153-298,153)) + (1,3142x10-6/4 (303,154 - 298,154))]
= 188,791.1481 kj/jam
= 45,121.0844 kkal/jam
Total Entalpi Bahan Masuk = 13,370.4627 + 45,121.0844

= 58,491.5471 kkal/jam

1. Entalpi waste gas ke udara bebas pada suhu 32℃ (305.15 K)
Berat BM Rate mol
Komponen
NH3(g) 6.3280 17 0.3722
CH2O(g) 11.9647 30 0.3988
CH3OH(g) 16.1685 32 0.5053
Total 34.4611
(C/3(T³-Tref ³)) + (D/4(T⁴-Tref ⁴))]
= 0,3722 [(35,15 (305,15 - 298,15)) +
(0,02954/2 (305,152 - 298,152)) + (0,0000044/3
(305,153-298,153)) + (-6,686x10-9/4 (305,154 - 298,154))]
= 155.4947 kj/jam
= 37.1632 kkal/jam
(C/3(T³-Tref ³)) + (D/4(T⁴-Tref ⁴))]
= 0,3988 [(34,28 (305,15 - 298,15)) +
(0,04268/2 (305,152 - 298,152)) + (0,00000000/3
(305,153-298,153)) + (-8,694x10-9/4 (305,154 - 298,154))]
= 184.1517 kj/jam
= 44.0123 kkal/jam
(C/3(T³-Tref ³)) + (D/4(T⁴-Tref ⁴))]
= 0,5053 [(42,93 (305,15 - 298,15)) +
(0,08301/2 (305,152 - 298,152)) + (-0,0000187/3
(305,153-298,153)) + (-8,03x10-9/4 (305,154 - 298,154))]
= 313.6623 kj/jam
= 74.9653 kkal/jam
Total Entalpi = 37.1632 + 44.0123 + 74.9653

= 156.1408 kkal/jam
2. Entalpi limbah cair ke WTP pada suhu 45℃ (318,15 K)

Berat BM Rate mol
Komponen
NH3(l) 420.8107 17 24.7536
CH2O(l) 2500.6156 30 83.3539
CH3OH(l) 34,824.1599 32 1088.2550
Total 37,745.5862
ΔH NH3(l) = n x Cp x ΔT = n [( Cp(T-Treff))]
= 25,7536 [(19,2987(318,15 - 298,15))]
= 9,554.2579 kkal/jam
λ NH3 pada suhu 45℃ = 257.4 kal/gram ( Latent Heat Of

= 4375.8 kkal/kmolVaporization Of Ammonia ;
Page 469)
𝑛
NH3(l) = ΔH = ∫_𝑇𝑟𝑒�^𝑇▒ + nxλ
= 9,554.2579 + 24.7536 x 4375.8
= 117,870.9238 kkal/jam
= 83,3539 [(15,6516(318,15 - 298,15))]
= 26,092.3762 kkal/jam
λ CH2O pada suhu 45℃= 32.7 Kjoule/mo( NIST Chemical

= 7.8250 kkal/mol WebBook )
𝑛
CH2O(l) = ΔH = ∫_𝑇𝑟𝑒�^𝑇▒ + nxλ
= 26,092.3762 + 83.3539 x 7.8250
= 26,744.6241 kkal/jam
= 344,4248 [(19,3728(318,15 - 298,15))]
= 421,650.7256 kkal/jam
λ CH3OH pada suhu 45℃

= 1,132.5 kjoule/kg ( Engineering
= 270.67 kkal/kg Toolbox)
= 8,661.36 kkal/kmol
𝑛
CH3OH(l) = ΔH = ∫_𝑇𝑟𝑒�^𝑇▒ + n x λ
= 421,650.7256 + 1088.2550 x 8661.36
= 9,847,419.0362 kkal/jam
Total Entalpi = 117,870.9238 + 9,847,419.0362 + 26,744.6241

= 9,992,034.5841 kkal/jam
Total Entalpi Bahan Keluar = 156.1408 + 9,992,034.5841

= 9,992,190.7249 kkal/jam

ΔH bahan masuk + Q air proses = ΔH produk keluar + Q loss
Asumsi Q los = 5% dari Q air proses
( Diizinkan kehilangan hingga 10% ) ( Ulrich ; 432 )
58,491.5471 = Q air proses = 9,992,190.725 + 5% dari Q air proses
Q air proses = 9,992,190.725 - 58,491.5471
0.95
Q air proses = ### kkal/jam
Q loss = ### x 0.05
= 522,826.2725 kkal/jam
Neraca Energi :
Waste gas dari Reaktor : Menuju atmosfer :
NH3 = 3569.3630 NH3 = 37.1632
CH2O = 3772.9949 CH2O = 44.0123
CH3OH = 6028.1048 CH3OH = 74.9653
= 13,370.4627 = 156.1408
Menuju tangki penampung atau WTP :

Air Proses= 45,121.0844 NH3 = 117,870.9238
CH2O = 26,744.6241
CH3OH = 9,847,419.0362
Q Air Proses 10,456,525.4503 = 9,992,034.5841
Q loss = 522,826.2725
Total = 10,515,016.9974 Total = 10,515,016.9974
7. CRYSTALLIZER (S-320)
Tekanan Operasi = 1 atm (tekanan atmosfer)

Suhu Operasi = 30 ℃ (Suhu kamar)
Sistem Kerja = Continuous
Air pendingin, 30℃ ( Ulrich ; 427 )
Larutan (CH2)6N4
CRYSTALLIZE Kristal (CH ) N
80 ℃ 2 6 4
R
30 ℃
Air pendingin, 45℃ (Ulrich ; 427)
T saat masuk crystallize = 80 ℃ = 353.15 K

T reference = 25 ℃ = 298.15 K
T saat keluar crystallize = 30 ℃ = 303.15 K

Entalpi bahan masuk + Q crystallizer = Entalpi bahan keluar + Q serap

1. Entalpi larutan (CH2)6N4 dari Evaporator pada suhu 80℃ (353,15 K)
ΔH = 〖𝐶𝑝 ∆𝑇〗
Berat BM Rate mol

Komponen
(CH₂)₆N₄(l) 5169.9183 140 36.9280
H2O(l) 6244.0435 18 346.8913
Total 11413.9618
ΔH (CH₂)₆N₄(l) = n x Cp x ΔT = n [( Cp(T-Treff))]
= 36,9280 [(73,5168(353,15 - 298,15))]
= ### kkal/jam
(C/3(T³-Tref ³)) + (D/4(T⁴-Tref ⁴))]
= 346,8913 [(18,2964 (353,15 - 298,15)) +
(0,47212/2 (353,152 - 298,152)) + (-0,0013388/3
(353,153-298,153)) + (1,3142x10-6/4 (353,154 - 298,154))]
= 352,220.1316 kj/jam
= 84,180.6115 kkal/jam
Total Entalpi Masu = 149,315.4445 + 84,180.6115

= 233,496.0560 kkal/jam
1. Entalpi kristal (CH2)6N4 ke Centrifuge pada suhu 30℃ (303,15 K)
ΔH = 〖𝐶𝑝 ∆𝑇〗
Berat BM Rate mol

Komponen
(CH2)6N4(s) 5141.0708 140 36.7219
(CH₂)₆N₄(l) 103.3984 140 0.7386
H2O(l) 6169.4926 18 342.7496
Total 11413.9618
ΔH (CH₂)₆N₄(s) = n x Cp x ΔT = n [( Cp(T-Treff))]
= 36,7219 [(36,3738(303,15 - 298,15))]
= 6,678.5891 kkal/jam
ΔH (CH2)6N4(l) = n x Cp x ΔT = n [( Cp(T-Treff))]
= 0,7386 [(73,5168(303,15 - 298,15))]
= 271.4826 kkal/jam
ΔH H2O(l) = n x Cp x ∆T
= 342,7496 x 18,0087 x (303,15-298,15)
= 30849.37 kkal/jam
Total Entalpi Keluar = 6,678.5891 + 271.4826 + 30,849.3738

= 37,799.4455 kkal/jam
Panas kristalisasi, Q crystallization :

Q crystallization = ΔHS x mol kristal
ΔHS (CH2)6N4 = 4.78 kkal/mol ( Perry 7ed Table 2-225 )
mol kristal = 36.7219 kmol = 36,721.9342 mol
Q crystallization = 4.78 kkal/mol x 36,721.9342 mol
= 175,530.8456 kkal

Entalpi bahan masuk + Q crystalli = Entalpi bahan keluar + Q serap
233,496.0560 + ### = 37,799.4455 + Q serap
409,026.9015 = 37,799.4455 + Q serap
Q serap = 371,227.4560 kkal/jam


=
Cp . ΔT
371,227.4560
=
1,0001 x (45-30)
= 24,746.9641 kg/jam
Neraca Energi :
Larutan (CH2)6N4 dari Evaporator Campuran
: ke Centrifuge :
(CH₂)₆N₄(l) = 149,315.4445 (CH₂)₆N₄.6H2O(s)= 6,678.5891
H2O(l) = 84,180.6115 (CH₂)₆N₄ (l) = 271.4826
= 233,496.0560 H2O(l) = 30,849.3738
= 37,799.4455
Q crystallization 175,530.8456 Q serap = 371,227.4560
Total = 409,026.9015 Total = 409,026.9015
8. ROTARY DRYER (B-340)
Udara panas + Padatan

110℃ Udara panas, 130℃
Kristal basah
30℃ ROTARY DRYER
Kristal kering, 110℃
Suhu masuk Rotary Dry= 30 ℃ = 303.15 K

Suhu reference = 25 ℃ = 298.15 K
Suhu keluar Rotary Dry = 110 ℃ = 383.15 K
Penentuan % Relative Humidity :

Udara masuk pada 30 ℃ = 89 oF
Dimana : PV = Tekanan parsial uap air (KPa)
PVS = Tekanan uap air jenuh (KPa)
PV
Relative Humidity = 100 x
PVS
2.85 ( Geankoplis, Steam Table
= 100 x
4.246 Appendix A.2-9 )
= 67 %
Dari data Relative Humidity dan suhu masuk pada 30℃ = 89oF dapat diperoleh :
Humidity = 0.016 lb uap air/lb udara kerin( Himmelblau Edisi 2
WG = 0.016 lb uap air/lb udara kerinPage ; 95 )
Perhitungan Suhu Wet Bulb ( tw )
hG
WW - WG = (tG-tW) ( Badger Page 383 persamaan
29 x λ x kG x P 8 - 29 )
Dengan: WW = Humidity pada temperature wet bulb (udara keluar),

lb air/lb udara kering
WG = Humidity pada temperature dry bulb (udara masuk),
lb air/lb udara kering
hG = heat transfer coefficient dari udara ke permukaan basah
tG = suhu udara panas masuk ke dryer 266 oF
tW = suhu wet bulb 219.66 oF
kG = mass transfer coefficient dari permukaan basah ke udara
P = tekanan operasi
λ = Panas laten udara basah pada temperature wet bulb, Btu/lb
(Steam Table Smith Vannes)
Digunakan untuk kandungan air dalam uap

hG ( Badger Page 384 )
= 0.26
29 x kG x P
Mencari tw dengan cara trial :

Dipilih tw sebesar= 104.25 ℃ = 219.65 o
F
λw : 212 oF = 970.3 Btu/lb
220 oF = 965.3 Btu/lb
Maka λw pada suhu 104.25℃ = 219.65 oF yaitu
= 965.51 Btu/lb
( McCabe 5ed Appendix 7 Saturated Steam and Water)
hG
WW - WG = (t -t )
29 x λ x kG x P G W
hG 0.26
(tG-tW) == x (266 - 219.66)
29 x λ x kG x P 965.51
= 0.0125
WW - WG = 0.0125
WW - 0.016 = 0.0125
WW = 0.0125 + 0.016
= 0.0285
Check :
WW - WG = 0.0285 - 0.016
= 0.0125
Jadi, asumsi tW= ### °F = 104.25 °C (benar atau memenuhi)
Pada tw 219.65 oF = 104.25 ℃ didapatkan Ww sebesar
( Geankoplis Fig 9. 3-2
= 0.0441 lb uap air/lb udara kering Page ; 529 )
Perhitungan suhu udara keluar Dryer (tG2) :
Ditetapkan range N = 1.5 - 2 , Jika diambil NTU = 1.5 maka suhu
udara keluar dryer :
(tG1-tW)
NTU = ln
[ (tG2-tW) ]
Dengan : tG1 = suhu udara masuk (oF)
tG2= suhu udara keluar (oF)
NTU = total Number of Transfer Unit (1.5 s/d 2)
ditetapkan = 1.5 ( Badger Page ; 508 )
Jadi :
(tG1-tW)
NTU = ln
[ (tG2-tW) ]
(tG1-tW)
1.5 = ln
[ (tG2-tW) ]
( 266 - 219.66 )
e1.5 =
( tG - 219.66 )
4.4817 = 266 - 219.66
tG - 219.66
tG2 = 230 oF = 110 ℃
Neraca Energi Total
H bahan masuk + H udara ma = H bahan keluar + H udara keluar

1. Entalpi kristal basah dari centrifuge pada suhu 30℃ (303,15 K)
H=n
Berat BM Rate mol

Komponen
Komponen
(CH2)6N4.6H2O(s) 0.0000 #REF! #REF!
(CH₂)₆N₄(l) 0.0000 #REF! #REF!
H2O(l) 0.0000 #REF! #REF!
Total 0.0000
ΔH (CH₂)₆N₄.6H2O(s)= n x Cp x ΔT = n [( Cp(T-Treff))]
= 12,7008 [(36,3738(303,15 - 298,15))]
= #REF! kkal/jam
= 0,0282 [(73,5168(303,15 - 298,15))]
= #REF! kkal/jam
(C/3(T³-Tref ³)) + (D/4(T⁴-Tref ⁴))]
= 0,2979 [(18,2964 (303,15 - 298,15)) +
(0,47212/2 (303,152 - 298,152)) + (-0,0013388/3
(303,153-298,153)) + (1,3142x10-6/4 (303,154 - 298,154))]
= #REF! kj/jam
= #REF! kkal/jam
Total Entalpi Masu = #REF! + #REF! + #REF!

= #REF! kkal/jam

1. Entalpi kristal kering ke Cooling Conveyor pada suhu 110℃ (383,15 K)
ΔH = n
Berat BM Rate mol

Komponen
Komponen
(CH2)6N4.6H2O(s) 0.0000 #REF! #REF!
(CH₂)₆N₄(l) 0.0000 #REF! #REF!
H2O(l) 0.0000 #REF! #REF!
Total 0.0000
= 12,5738 [(36,3738(383,15 - 298,15))]
= #REF! kkal/jam
= 0,0279 [(73,5168(383,15 - 298,15))]
= #REF! kkal/jam
(C/3(T³-Tref ³)) + (D/4(T⁴-Tref ⁴))]
= 0,1736 [(18,2964 (383,15 - 298,15)) +
(0,47212/2 (383,152 - 298,152)) + (-0,0013388/3
(383,153-298,153)) + (1,3142x10-6/4 (383,154 - 298,154))]
= #REF! kj/jam
= #REF! kkal/jam
Total Entalpi = #REF! + #REF! + #REF!

= #REF! kkal/jam
2. Entalpi campuran ke Cyclone pada suhu 110℃ (383,15 K)
ΔH = n
Berat BM Rate mol

Komponen
(CH2)6N4.6H2O(s) 0.0000 #REF! #REF!
(CH₂)₆N₄(l) 0.0000 #REF! #REF!
Total 0.0000
= 0,1270 [(36,3738(383,15 - 298,15))]
= #REF! kkal/jam
= 0,00028 [(73,5168(383,15 - 298,15))]
= #REF! kkal/jam
Total Entalpi = #REF! + #REF!

= #REF! kkal/jam
Perhitungan untuk uap H2O :
𝑛
H = ∫_𝑇𝑟𝑒�^𝑇▒ + n x λ (Terjadi perubahan fase)
Massa uap ai = 0.0000 kg/jam = 0.0000 kmol/jam
λ H2O = 9,729.0000 kkal/kmol (Perry 7ed ; T. 2-190)
ΔH H2O(g) = = [(A( T-Tref)) + (B/2(T²-Tref ²)) +

(C/3(T³-Tref ³)) + (D/4(T⁴-Tref ⁴))]
= [(33,46 (383,15 - 298,15)) +
(0,00688/2 (383,152 - 298,152)) + (0,0000076/3
(383,153-298,153)) + (-3,593x10-9/4 (383,154 - 298,154))]
= #REF! kjoule/kmol
= #REF! kkal/mol
H H2O uap = [0,1243 (kmol) x 742,4400 (kkal/kmol)] + [ 0,1243 (kmol) x

9729,0000 (kkal/kmol)]
= #REF! kkal
Total Entalpi Kelu = #REF! + #REF! + #REF!

= #REF! kkal/jam

#REF! + H udara masu = #REF! + H udara keluar
Suhu udara mas = 130 ℃ =

Cp udara pada suhu 1 = 0.26 kkal/kmol℃ ( Perry 6ed ; Fig 3 - 12 )
Udara = Cp x ΔT
= 0.26 x ( 130 - 25 )
= 27.3000 kkal/kmol
Suhu udara kelu = 110 ℃

Cp udara pada suhu 1 = 0.25 kkal/kmol℃ ( Perry 6ed ; Fig 3 - 12 )
Udara = Cp x ΔT
= 0.25 x ( 110 - 25 )
= 21.2500 kkal/kmol

#REF! + H udara masuk = #REF! + H udara keluar
#REF! + [n ]udara masuk = #REF! + [n ]udara keluar
#REF! + 27.3000 n= #REF! + 21.2500 n

6.0500 n= #REF! kkal
n udara = #REF! kmol/jam
BM udara = 28.84 kg/kmol

Berat Udara = #REF! kmol x 28.84 kg/kmol
= #REF! kg/jam
Perhitungan Entalpi Udara :

Entalpi udara masuk :
Cp.ΔT udara, 130℃ = 27.3000 kkal/kmol
Mol udara = #REF! kmol
H udara masuk = 27.3000 kkal/kmol x #REF! kmol
= #REF! kkal/jam
Entalpi udara keluar :
Cp.ΔT udara, 110℃ = 21.2500 kkal/kmol
Mol udara = #REF! kmol
H udara masuk = 21.2500 kkal/kmol x #REF!
= #REF! kkal/jam
Neraca Energi
Kristal basah dari Centrifuge : Kristal kering ke cooling conveyor :
(CH₂)₆N₄.6H2O = #REF! (CH₂)₆N₄.6H2O = #REF!
(CH₂)₆N₄ = #REF! (CH₂)₆N₄ = #REF!
H2 O = #REF! H2O = #REF!
= #REF! = #REF!
Udara panas Campuran ke Cyclone :

Udara masuk = #REF! (CH₂)₆N₄.6H2O = #REF!
(CH₂)₆N₄ = #REF!
H2O Uap = #REF!
= #REF!
Udara keluar = #REF!
Total = #REF! Total = #REF!

2. HEATER AMMONIA (E-140)
Steam
148°C
Ammonia (30℃) Ammonia (80℃)

HEATER
Steam Condensate
148°C
Kondisi Operasi :
Tekanan = 1 atm
Suhu = 80 ℃ (Berdasarkan suhu keluar heater)

DH bahan masuk + Q supply = DH bahan keluar + Q loss
T saat masuk heater = 30 ℃ = 303.15 K

T reference = 25 ℃ = 298.15 K
T saat keluar heater = 80 ℃ = 353.15 K
Entalpi masuk :
1. Entalpi Ammonia dari tangki penampung pada suhu 30℃ (303,15 K)
Massa bahan masuk :
Berat BM Rate mol
Komponen
NH3(g) 1844.1542 17 108.4797
H2O(g) 9.2671 18 0.5148
Total 1853.4213
Entalpi Ammonia masuk pada suhu 30℃ (303,15 K)

(C/3(T³-Tref ³)) + (D/4(T⁴-Tref ⁴))]
= 108,4797 [(35,15 (303,15 - 298,15)) +
(0,02954/2 (303,152 - 298,152)) + (0,0000044/3
(303,153-298,153)) + (-6,686x10-9/4 (303,154 - 298,154))]
= 19,110.7952 kj/jam
= 4567.4801 kkal/jam
(C/3(T³-Tref ³)) + (D/4(T⁴-Tref ⁴))]
= 0,5148 [(33,46 (303,15 - 298,15)) +
(0,00688/2 (303,152 - 298,152)) + (0,0000076/3
(303,153-298,153)) + (-3,593x10-9/4 (303,154 - 298,154))]
= 99.4234 kj/jam
= 23.7622 kkal/jam
Entalpi Ammonia keluar pada suhu 80℃ (353,15 K)

(C/3(T³-Tref ³)) + (D/4(T⁴-Tref ⁴))]
= 108,4797 [(35,15 (353,15 - 298,15)) +
(0,02954/2 (353,152 - 298,152)) + (0,0000044/3
(353,153-298,153)) + (-6,686x10-9/4 (353,154 - 298,154))]
= 210,260.4370 kj/jam
= 50,252.2444 kkal/jam
(C/3(T³-Tref ³)) + (D/4(T⁴-Tref ⁴))]
= 0,5148 [(33,46 (353,15 - 298,15)) +
(0,00688/2 (353,152 - 298,152)) + (0,0000076/3
(353,153-298,153)) + (-3,593x10-9/4 (353,154 - 298,154))]
= 1108.2682 kj/jam
= 264.8761 kkal/jam
Hasil perhitungan total entalpi yang ditabelkan :

Masuk Keluar
Komponen
NH3(g) 4567.4801 50,252.2444
H2O(g) 23.7622 264.8761
Total 4,591.2423 50,517.1205

Asumsi Q los = 5% Q supply
( Kehilangan di izinkan hingga 10% ) ( Ulrich ; 432 )

4,591.2423 + Q supply = 50,517.1205 + 5% dari Q supply
Q supply = 48,343.0298 kkal/jam
Q loss = 2,417.1515 kkal/jam
Kebutuhan Steam :
Kebutuhan steam pada tekanan 4.5 atm dan suhu steam 148℃ (Ulrich : 426)
λ steam = 2119.5 kj/kg = 506.56 kkal/kg ( Smith 7ed ; Page 718)
Q steam = Msteam . λ
Q
Msteam =
λ
48,343.0298
=
506.56
= 95.4339 kg/jam
Neraca Energi :
Panas Masuk (kkal/jam) Panas Keluar (kkal/jam)
Larutan Ammonia : Larutan Ammonia :
NH3(g) = 4567.4801 NH3(g) = 50,252.2444
H2O(g) = 23.7622 H2O(g) = 264.8761
= 4591.2423 = 50,517.1205
Q Supply = 48,343.0298 Q Loss = 2,417.1515

Total = 52,934.2720 Total = 52,934.2720
da suhu 80℃ (353,15 K)

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KONVERSI SATUAN

tahun 1 hari 330

tahun 1 = 330 hari

f(x) = 2124.5299999999x - 4249499.19999969

Kapasitas Produksi = 28000 ton/tahun

Komposisi Bahan Baku

B. Ammonia (Sumber : PT. Petrokimia Gresik)

Kebutuhan Formaldehy= 12935 kg/jam

CH₂O = 4785.8672 Gas Buang Ke Scrubber : Perhitungan Recycle:

larutan (CH₂)₆N₄ kristal

Penentuan kristal yang terbentuk :

Ratio BM kristal dengan larutan ( R ) :

BM (CH₂)₆N₄ = 140 g/mol

Berat kristal (CH₂)₆N₄ = 5,141.0708 kg

Berat H2O pada kristal = Kristal (CH₂)₆N₄- (CH₂)₆N₄ terkristalkan

Berat H2O pada feed = 6,244.0435 kg

Bahan bersifat liquid : ke crystallizer :

Total = 11,413.9618 11,413.9615

5. ROTARY DRYER (B-340)

Suhu Operasi = 110 ℃

Udara panas + padatan terikut

Kristal bawah ROTARY

6. CYCLONE (H-343) Udara panas

Asumsi kehilangan solid = 1% (Ludwig : 259)

7. COOLING CONVEYOR (E-345)

Krsital dari rotary dryer

Air pendingin keluar

Kristal dari Cyclone :

Total = 3,642.3479 Total = 3,642.3479

Feed Masuk (F) F'

Neraca Massa Total : Feed masuk + Recycle = Feed Keluar

Asumsi ukuran yang tidak sesuai (reject) = 5% ( Perry 7ed : 19-19 )

Komposisi Produk Keluar :

Recycle dari Screen :

Feed Masuk (F) F'

Neraca Massa Total : Feed masuk + Recycle = Feed keluar

Berdasarkan perhitungan pada Ball Mill :

Recycle ke Ball Mill :

Spesifikasi Produk Komersial :

10. SCRUBBER (D-220)

Komponen masuk dari Reaktor :

Gas NH3 yang lepas ke udara = 5% x 126.5596

Gas CH2O yang lepas ke udara = 5% x 239.2934

Gas CH3OH yang lepas ke udara = 5% x 323.3694

Gas NH3 yang terserap = 126.5596 - 6.3280

Gas CH2O yang terserap = 239.2934 - 11.9647

Maka air yang dibutuhkan = 100

Limbah ke WTP terbentuk = 120.2316 + 300.5790

Maka air yang dibutuhkan = 100

Limbah ke WTP terbentuk = 307.2009 + 34,516.9590

Maka air yang dibutuhkan = 100

Limbah ke WTP terbentuk = 227.3287 + 2273.2869 kg/jam

Berat Total Air Proses = 300.5790 + 2273.2869 + 34,516.9590

Menuju tangki penampung atau WTP :

Neraca Massa Komponen (CH₂)₆N₄ :

Trial & Error Fraksi H₂O

Suhu crystallizer adalah 30℃

Kristal (CH2)6N4 yang dihasilkan adalah :

Kapasitas Produksi Urotropin = 28,000.0000 ton/tahun

Persamaan panas untuk kondisi aliran steady; Q = ΔH = H2 - H1

Dengan : H = Panas ; kkal

Cp = A + B.T + C.T2 + D.T3 (Himmelblau : 410)

Perhitungan integrasi ΔH, (Himmelblau : 410) :