A. DATATEKNIK
Jumlah Pias =5
B. PRELIMINARY DESIGN
Balok
Pada arah Memanjang dipasang balok anak
1. Denah Balok
a. Balok Atap dan Lantai
- Balok memanjang Lantai dan Atap
Dimensi balok ditentukan berdasarkan SKNI-03-2847-2002
Untuk mutu baja fy = 400 Mpa
𝐿
Balok satu ujung menerus : hmin = 18,5
𝐿
Balok dua ujung menerus : hmin = 21
𝑙 6000 𝑚𝑚
hmin = 18,5 = = 324,32 mm = 32,4 cm
18,5
diambil hmin = 33 cm
𝑑
b=
2,0
P
Dimana :
b = lebar balok
h d d = tinggi efektif balok
h = tinggi total balok
P = selimut beton (diambil 40 mm)
b Ø sengkang = 8 mm
Ø tulangan pokok = 16 mm
= 33 – 4 – 0,8 – ½ x 1,6
= 33 – 4 – 0,8 – 0,8
= 27,4 ≈ 28 cm
𝑑 28
Jadi, b = 2 = 2 = 14 cm ≈ 14 cm
Diambil, b = 14
𝑙 6000 𝑚𝑚
hmin = 21 = = 285,71 mm = 29 cm
21
`
P
Dimana :
b = lebar balok
d = tinggi efektif balok
h d h = tinggi total balok
P = selimut beton (diambil 40 mm)
Ø sengkang = 8 mm
d = 29 - P – Ø sengkang – Ø ½ tulangan pokok
= 29 – 4 – 0,8 – ½ x 1,6
= 29 – 4 – 0,8 – 0,8
= 23,4 ≈ 24 cm
𝑑 24
Jadi, b = 2 = =12 cm
2
𝑙 6000 𝑚𝑚
hmin = 18,5 = = 324,32 mm = 33 cm
18,5
P
Dimana :
b = lebar balok
d = tinggi efektif balok
h d
h = tinggi total balok
P = selimut beton (diambil 40 mm)
Ø sengkang = 8 mm
b
Tinggi efektif balok,
= 33 – 4 – 0,8 – ½ x 1,6
= 33 – 4 – 0,8 – 0,8
= 27,4 ≈ 28 cm
𝑑 28
Jadi, b = 2 = 2 = 14 cm
𝑙 6000 𝑚𝑚
hmin = 18,5 = = 324,32 mm = 33 cm
18,5
P
Dimana :
b = lebar balok
d = tinggi efektif balok
h d
h = tinggi total balok
P = selimut beton (diambil 40 mm)
Ø sengkang = 8 mm
b Ø tulangan pokok = 16 mm
Tinggi efektif balok,
= 33 – 4 – 0,8 – ½ x 1,6
= 33 – 4 – 0,8 – 0,8
= 27,4 ≈ 28 cm
𝑑 28
Jadi, b = 2 = 2 = 14 cm
b. Kesimpulan
1. Ukuran balok memanjang atap
o Diambil ukuran : 25 x 40 cm
2. Ukuran balok melintang atap
o Diambil ukuran : 25 x 50 cm
o Diambil ukuran : 30 x 50 cm
o Diambil ukuran : 30 x 60 cm
o Diambil ukuran : 20 x 40 cm
𝐿
Pelat satu ujung menerus : hmin = 24 ……………… ( Pelat A,B, dan C )
𝐿
Pelat dua ujung menerus : hmin = 28 ……………… ( Pelat B,C, dan D )
= 125 mm
b. Tebal minimum pelat dua ujung menerus
- Panel dua ujung menerus (B,C dan D), dengan Lx = 3000 mm
Fy = 400 Mpa
1
h = 28 x Lx
1
= 28 x 3000
= 108 mm
c. Kesimpulan
- Tebal pelat lantai, diambil h = 130 mm = 13 cm
- Tebal pelat atap, diambil h = 125 mm = 12,5 cm
3. Kolom
Ukuran kolom pada lantai 1 ditaksir 30 x 30 cm dan lantai 2 ditaksir 25 x 25 cm.
Meninjau kolom yang menerima beban terbesar.
a. Pembebanan
Beban mati (WD)
Dipakai ukuran kolom lantai 1 (30 x 30 cm) dan lantai 2 ( 25 x 25 cm )
- Berat sendiri kolom Lt.1
= 0,30 x 0,30 x 23,80 x 3,50 = 7,49 kN
- Berat sendiri kolom Lt.2
= 0,25 x 0,25 x 23,80 x 3,50 = 5,21 kN
- Berat sendiri balok memanjang lantai
= 0,3 x 0,5 x 23,80 x 6,0 = 21,42 kN
- Berat sendiri balok melintang lantai
= 0,3 x 0,60 x 23,80 x 6,0 = 25,70 kN
- Berat sendiri balok anak lantai
= 0,25 x 0,40 x 23,80 x 6,0 = 14,28 kN
- Berat sendiri balok memanjang atap
= 0,25 x 0,40 x 23,80 x 6,0 = 14,28 kN
- Berat sendiri balok melintang atap
= 0,25 x 0,50 x 23,80 x 6,0 = 17,85 kN
- Berat sendiri balok anak atap
= 0,20 x 0,40 x 23,80 x 6,0 = 11,42 kN
- Berat sendiri pelat lantai 13 cm
= 6,0 x 6,0 x 23,80 x 0,13 = 111,38 kN
- Berat sendiri pelat atap 12,5 cm
= 6,0 x 6,0 x 23,80 x 0,125 = 107,1 kN
- Berat penutup lantai (tegel)
= 6,0 x 6,0 x 0,24 = 8,64 kN
- Berat spesi tebal 2 cm
= (2 x 0,21) x (6x6) = 15,12 kN
- Berat plafond + penggantung
= (0,11 + 0,07) x (6x6) = 6,48 kN
Total WD = 461,28 kN
126 kN
c. Perhitungan
Sesuai dengan SNI-03-2847-2002 (pasal 12.9.1), rasio tulangan
berkisar 0,01 s/d 0,08 (diambil 0,05)
- Kolom 30 x 30 cm ( lantai 1 )
Ag = 300 x 300 = 90000 mm2
Ast = Ag x rasio tulangan
= 90000 x 0,05 = 4500 mm2
f’c = 25 MPa
fy = 400 MPa
Sesuai dengan SNI 03-2847-2002 (pasal 12.3.5.2)
Ø Pn max = 0,8 x Ø (0,85 x f’c (Ag-Ast) + fy x Ast)
= 0,8 x 0,65 [0,85 x 25 (90000-4500) + 400 x 4500]
= 1880775 N ≈ 1880,775 kN
Ø Pn max > WU
2744,475 kN > 756 kN
- Kolom 25 x 25 cm ( lantai 2 )
Ag = 250 x 250 = 62500 mm2
Ast = Ag x rasio tulangan
= 62500 x 0,05 = 3125 mm2
f’c = 25 MPa
fy = 400 MPa
Sesuai dengan SNI 03-2847-2002 (pasal 12.3.5.2)
Ø Pn max = 0,8 x Ø (0,85 x f’c (Ag-Ast) + fy x Ast)
= 0,8 x 0,65 [0,85 x 25 (62500-3125) + 400 x 3125]
= 1906093 N ≈ 1906,093 kN
Ø Pn max > WU
1906,093 kN > 756 kN
d. Kesimpulan
Jadi ukuran kolom untuk lantai 1, diambil sebesar 30 cm x 30 cm
Jadi ukuran kolom untuk lantai 2, diambil sebesar 25 cm x 25 cm
tumpuan
Hubungan pelat dengan balok tepi dianggap bebas
1. Panel A
M = ± 0,001 Wu.Lx²
Ly = 6 m
Lx = 3 m
Ly 6,0
= =2
Lx 3,0
Diperoleh dari table buku Gideon
Clx = 72
Cly = 19
Ctx = 117
Cty = 76
Mlx = 0,001 x WU x Lx2 x C = 0,001 x 5,884 x 3² x 72 = 3,81 kN.m
Mtx = -0,001 x WUx Lx2 x C = -0,001 x 5,884 x 3² x 117 = - 6,19 kN.m
Mly = 0,001 x WU x Lx2 x C = 0, 001 x 5,884 x 3² x 19 = 1,006 kN.m
Mty = -0,001 x WU x Lx2 x C = -0,001 x 5,884 x 3² x 76 = -4,024 kN.m
Mtix = ½ Mlx = ½ x 3,81 = 1,908 kN.m
Mtiy = ½ Mly = ½ x 1,006 = 0,503 kN.m
2. Panel B
M = ± 0,001 Wu.Lx²
Ly = 6 m
Lx = 3 m
Ly 6,0
= =2
Lx 3,0
3. Panel C
M = ± 0,001 Wu.Lx²
Ly = 6 m
Lx = 3 m
Ly 6,0
= =2
Lx 3,0
4. Panel D
M = ± 0,001 Wu.Lx²
Ly = 6 m
Lx = 3 m
Ly 6,0
= =2
Lx 3,0
A B C D
Mlx 3,81 3,071 3,706 3,071
= 85,85 mm
Mencari nilai ρ
𝑀𝑢
ρ =
∅ 𝑏 𝑑 𝑓𝑦 𝑧
6,19 x 10⁶
= b = 1000
∅ 𝑏 𝑑 𝑓𝑦 𝑧
6,19 x 10⁶
=
0,8 𝑥 1000 𝑥 101 𝑥 400 𝑥 85,85
= 0,0022
25 600
= 0,85 x 0,85 x
400 600+400
= 0,02709
= 0,75 x 0,02709
= 0,02032
= 0,0014
Maka digunakan ρmin = 0,0018
As = ρ x b x dy
= 0,0018 x 1000 x 101
= 181,8 mm2
Jadi, digunakan D8 – 200 (As = 251 mm2)
Tulangan Pembagi
Atb = ρmin x b x dx
= 0,0018 x 1000 x 101
= 181,8 mm2
Jadi, digunakan D8 – 225 (As = 223 mm2)
Di interpolasi sehingga :
(404−300)
ρ = 0,0009 + [ (400−300) x (0,0013 − 0,0009)
= 0,0013
Syarat = ρmin < ρ < ρmax
Karena, ρ = 0,0013 < ρmin = 0,0018
Maka digunakan ρmin = 0,0018
As = ρ x b x dx
= 0,0018 x 1000 x 101
= 181,8 mm2
Jadi, digunakan D8 – 225 (As = 223 mm2)
Di interpolasi sehingga :
(116−100)
ρ = 0,0003 + [ (200−100) x (0,0006 − 0,0003)
= 0,00034
Syarat = ρmin < ρ < ρmax
Karena, ρ = 0,00034 < ρmin = 0,0018
Maka digunakan ρmin = 0,0018
As = ρ x b x dy
= 0,0018 x 1000 x 93
= 167,40 mm2
Jadi, digunakan D8 – 225 (As = 223 mm2)
Di interpolasi sehingga :
(49−0)
ρ = 0+ [ (100−0) x (0,0003 − 0)
= 0,00015
As = ρ x b x dx
= 0,00015x 1000 x 101
= 15,15 mm2
Jadi, digunakan D8 – 250 (As = 201 mm2)
Tulangan Pembagi
digunakan D8 – 250 (As = 201 mm2)
Di interpolasi sehingga :
(221−200)
ρ = 0,0006+ [ (300−200) x (0,0009 − 0,0006)
= 0,00066
As = ρ x b x dx
= 0,00066 x 1000 x 101
= 66,66 mm2
Jadi, digunakan D8 – 250 (As = 201 mm2)
Tulangan Pembagi
digunakan D8 – 250 (As = 201 mm2)
= 20 + ½ 8
= 24 mm
A = 2 . dc . s
= 2 x 24 x 250
= 12000 mm2
fs = 0,6 fy
= 0,6 x 400
= 240 N/mm2
3
z = fs √𝑑𝑐. 𝐴
z = 240 3√23,80.12000
z = 15849,25 N/mm
z = 15,85 MN/m
Syarat :
3
z = fs√𝑑𝑐. 𝐴 ≤ 30 MN/m
2. Pelat Lantai
Diketahui :
Mutu beton (f’c) = 25 MPa
Berat isi beton = 23,80 kN/m3
Mutu baja tulangan (fy) = 400 MPa (Pelat lantai dan atap)
Tebal pelat (h) = 13 cm
- Beban yang bekerja
o Beban mati (WD)
Berat sendiri pelat = 0,13 x 23,80 = 3,094 kN/m2
Berat plafond + penggantung = 0,11 + 0,007 = 0,18 kN/m2
Berat speci, 2 cm = 0,21 x 2 = 0,42 kN/m2
Total WD = 3,694 kN/m2
o Beban hidup (WL) = 250 kg/m = 2,5 kN/m2
o Beban terfaktor (WU)
WU = 1,2 WD + 1,6 WL
= (1,2 x 3,694) +(1,6 x 2,5)
= 8,43 kN/m2
- Perhitungan Momen
Momen lentur pelat dihitung dengan rumus sebagai berikut :
M =± 0,001 x WU x Lx2 x C
Ket:
M = Momen
WU = Beban terfaktor (1,2 WD + 1,6 WL)
Lx = Bentang terpendek panel
Ly
C = Koefisien yang tergantung dari perbandingan Lxdan kondisi
tumpuan
1. Panel A
M = ± 0,001 Wu.Lx²
2. Panel B
M = ± 0,001 Wu.Lx²
3. Panel C
M = ± 0,001 Wu.Lx²
4. Panel D
M = ± 0,001 Wu.Lx²
Di interpolasi sehingga :
(805−800)
ρ = 0,0020 + [ (900−800) x (0,0023 − 0,0020)
= 0,0020
Syarat = ρmin < ρ < ρmax
= 0,0018 < 0,0020 < 0,02032 ………. 0K
Maka digunakan ρ = 0,0020
As = ρ x b x dx
= 0,0020 x 1000 x 105
= 210 mm2
Jadi, digunakan D10 – 225 (As = 349 mm2)
Tulangan Pembagi
Atb = ρmin x b x dx
= 0,0018 x 1000 x 105
= 189 mm2
Jadi, digunakan D10 – 250 (As = 314 mm2)
Momen Tumpuan Arah Sumbu Y
Di interpolasi sehingga :
(639−600)
ρ = 0,0015 + [ (700−600) x (0,0018 − 0,0015)
= 0,0016
Syarat = ρmin < ρ < ρmax
Karena, ρ = 0,0016 < ρmin = 0,0018
Maka digunakan ρmin = 0,0018
As = ρ x b x dy
= 0,0018 x 1000 x 95
= 171 mm2
Jadi, digunakan D10 – 225 (As = 349 mm2)
Tulangan Pembagi
Jadi, digunakan D10 – 250 (As = 314 mm2)
= 0,0013
Syarat = ρmin < ρ < ρmax
Karena, ρ = 0,0013 < ρmin = 0,0018
Maka digunakan ρmin = 0,0018
As = ρ x b x dx
= 0,0018 x 1000 x 105
= 189 mm2
Jadi, digunakan D10 – 250 (As = 314 mm2)
Di interpolasi sehingga :
(160−100)
ρ = 0,0003 + [ (200−100) x (0,0005 − 0,0003)
= 0,0004
Syarat = ρmin < ρ < ρmax
Karena, ρ = 0,0004 < ρmin = 0,0018
Maka digunakan ρmin = 0,0018
As = ρ x b x dy
= 0,0018 x 1000 x 95
= 171 mm2
Jadi, digunakan D10 – 250 (As = 314 mm2)
Momen Jepit Tak Terduga Arah sumbu x
Di interpolasi sehingga :
(248−200)
ρ = 0,0005+ [ (300−200) x (0,0008 − 0,0005)
= 0,0006
As = ρ x b x dx
= 0,0006 x 1000 x 105
= 63 mm2
Jadi, digunakan D8 – 250 (As = 201 mm2)
Tulangan Pembagi
Digunakan, digunakan D8 – 250 (As = 201 mm2)
= 20 + ½ 10
= 25 mm
A = 2 . dc . s
= 2 x 25 x 250
= 12500 mm2
fs = 0,6 fy
= 0,6 x 400
= 240 N/mm2
3
z = fs √𝑑𝑐. 𝐴
3
z = 240√25.12500
z = 16286,51 N/mm
z = 16,29 MN/m
Syarat :
3
z = fs√𝑑𝑐. 𝐴 ≤ 30 MN/m
1500 3000
q2 = 5,355/m
Q1 Q2
L2
L1 q1 = 2,38/m
RA 6000 RB
1
L2 = x 1,500 = 0,75 m
2
1
Q1 = Q = x 5,355 x 1,500 = 4,016 kN
2
Q2 = Q = 5,355 x 1,500 = 8,033 kN
L
Mmax = RA x – Q1 x L1 – Q2 x L2
2
6
= 12,049 x – 4,016 x 2 – 8,033 x 0,75
2
= 22,090 kNm
WD total = q1 + q3
= 2,38 + 4,91
= 7,29 kNm
Perhitungan momen :
1 1 1 1 1 1
16 10 11 11 10 16
1 1 1 1 1
14 16 16 16 14
A B C D E F
1
Momen tumpuan A & F = 16 x WD x L2
1
= x 7,29 x 62
16
= 16,40 kNm
1
Momen tumpuan B & E = 10 x WD x L2
1
= x 7,29 x 62
10
= 26,24 kNm
1
Momen tumpuan C & D = 11 x WD x L2
1
= x 7,29 x 62
11
= 23,85 kNm
1
Momen lapangan AB & EF = 14 x WD x L2
1
= x 7,29 x 62
14
= 18,75 kNm
1
Momen lapangan BC, DE & CD = 16 x WD x L2
1
= x 7,29 x 62
16
= 16,403 kNm
1
Gaya Lintang = 2 x 1,15 x WD x L
1
= x 1,15 x 7,29 x 6
2
= 25,15 kN
1
= 2 x WD x L
1
= x 7,29 x 6
2
= 21,87 kN
Beban Hidup
o Akibat pelat atap
WL = 1 kN/m2
Jadi , diperoleh q2
q2 = 1/2 x WL x Lx
= 1/2 x 1x 3
= 1,5 kN/m
- Reaksi Perletakan :
Beban trapesium dijadikan beban merata
1 3 +6
RA = R B = x x 1,5 = 3,375 kN
2 2
1
L1 = x 1,500 + 1,500 =2m
3
1
L2 = x 1,500 = 0,75 m
2
1
Q1 = Q = x 1,5 x 1,500 = 1,125 kN
2
Q2 = Q = 1,500 x 1,500 = 2,25 kN
L
Mmax = RA x – Q1 x L1 – Q2 x L2
2
6
= 3,375 x – 1,125 x 2 – 2,25 x 0,75
2
= 6,187 kNm
Perhitungan momen :
1 1 1 1 1 1
16 10 11 11 10 16
1 1 1 1 1
14 16 16 16 14
A B C D E F
1
Momen tumpuan A & F = 16 x WL x L2
1
= x 3,775 x 62
16
= 8,493 kNm
1
Momen tumpuan B & E = 10 x WL x L2
1
= x 3,775 x 62
10
= 13,59 kNm
1
Momen tumpuan C & D = 11 x WL x L2
1
= x 3,775 x 62
11
= 12,354 kNm
1
Momen lapangan AB & EF = 14 x WL x L2
1
= x 3,775 x 62
14
= 9,707 kNm
1
Momen lapangan BC, DE & CD = 16 x WL x L2
1
= x 3,775 x 62
16
= 8,493 kNm
1
Gaya Lintang = 2 x 1,15 x WL x L
1
= x 1,15 x 3,775 x 6
2
= 13,024 kN
1
= 2 x WL x L
1
= x 3,775 x 6
2
= 11,325 Kn
Perhitungan tulangan
bE
bw
- Tulangan lapangan
bE
bw b1
Dimana:
1
b1 = 25 + 12 x panjang bentang balok
1
b1 = 25 + x jarak antara balok bersebelahan
2
b1 = 6 x tebal plat
1
bE = 25 + x (600 – ½ x 25 – ½ x 25) = 72,91 cm
12
1
bE = 25 + x ( 300 – ½ x 20 – ½ x 25) =163,75cm
2
bE = 25 + 6 x 12,5 = 100 cm
= 447,298 KN/m2
= 448 KN/m
Diinterpolasi sehingga,
448−400
p = 0,0013 + 500−400 x ( 0,0016 – 0,0013)
= 0,0014
Asperlu = p x bE x d
= 378,963 mm2
pmin = 1,4/fy
= 1,4/400 = 0,0035
𝑓′𝑐 600
pb = 0,85 x β1 x x ( 600+𝑓𝑦 ) β1 = 0.85 (f'c ≤ 30 )
𝑓𝑦
25 600
= 0,85 x 0,85 x 400 𝑥 600+400
= 0,0271
pmax = 0,75 pb
= 0,75 x 0,0271
= 0,02032
Asmin = pmin x b x d
= 315 mm2
Karna: Asperlu = 378,671 > Asmin = 315 maka digunakan Asperlu
Jadi digunakan tulangan = 2 – Ø 14 + 1 – Ø 12 = 421 mm2
2- Ø14
1- Ø12
- Tulangan Tumpuan
Mu = 53,232 kNm
𝑀𝑢 53,232
= 0,25 𝑥 0,362
𝑏𝑥 𝑑2
1643−1600
p = 0,0055 + 1700−1600 x ( 0,0058 – 0,0055)
= 0,0056 > pmin ……….(OK)
Asperlu = p xbxd
= 0,0056 x 250 x 360
= 506,61 mm2
pmin = 0,0035
pmax = 0,02032
2 - Ø14
2 - Ø12
= 0,5 x 1,908 x 6
= 3,29 kNm
√𝑓′𝑐 √25
= = 0,833 Mpa
6 6
∑ 𝑥 2 𝑦 = ( b2 x h ) + ( t2 x b1 )
= 68179,941 N
= 68,18 kN
Rumus:
√𝑓′𝑐
( ) ∑ 𝑥2𝑦
15
Tc = kNm
0,4 𝑉𝑢 2
√[1+( ) ]
𝐶𝑡 𝑇𝑢
0,333 𝑥 32,48 x 106
= = 5404088 Nmm
2
0,4 𝑥 51,14 𝑥 106
√[1+( 3 ) ]
0,0027 𝑥 3,29 𝑥 10
= 5,40 kNm
ØTc = 0,6 x 7,404
= 3,24 kNm
ØTc < Tu
3,24 kNm < 3,29 kNm ( perlu tulangan torsi )
ØTs = Tu – ØTc
= 3,290 – 3,24 = 0,05 kNm
Ts maks = 4 Tc
ØTs maks = Ø4 Tc
= 0,6 x 4 x 0,333 x 32,48 . 106
= 25,958 x 106 Nmm
= 25,958 kNm
ØTs < ØTsmaks
0,05 kNm < 25,958 kNm………(ok)
8,21 x 10³
= 250 x 360
= 0,091 Mpa
X1
400 Y1
250
X1 = b – 2 (p + ½ x Ds)
= 250 – 2 (25 + ½ 10)
= 190 mm
Y1 = h – 2 (p + ½ x Ds)
= 400 – 2 (25 + ½ 10)
= 340 mm
Jarak sengkang:
Ø10 mm At = 79 mm2 (1 penampang)
𝑦1 340
2+ ( ) 2+( )
𝑥1 190
αt = ( )= ( ) = 1,263
3 3
1,26 𝑥 79 𝑥 190 𝑥 340 𝑥 0,6 𝑥 400
S = = 772 mm
0,05 𝑥 106
= 55 mm2
Jadi, digunakan tulangan: 2 – Ø12 = 226 mm2 250
2. Balok anak memanjang atap (balok B)
Ukuran balok = 200 mm x 400 mm
Beban yang bekerja:
Beban Mati
o Akibat beban sendiri balok (beban mati)
q1 = 23,80 x 0,20 x 0,4
= 1,904 kN/m
o Akibat pelat atap
WD = 3,57 kN/m2
Jadi , diperoleh q2
q2 = 1/2 x WD x Lx x 2
= 1/2 x 3,57 x 3 x 2
= 10,71 kN/m
- Reaksi Perletakan :
1500 3000
q2 = 10,71/m
Q1 Q2
L2
L1 q1 = 1,094/m
RA 6000 RB
1
L2 = x 1,500 = 0,75 m
2
1
Q1 = Q = x 10,71 x 1,500 = 8,033 kN
2
Q2 = Q = 10,71 x 1,500 = 16,065 kN
L
Mmax = RA x – Q1 x L1 – Q2 x L2
2
6
= 24,097 x – 8,033 x 2 – 16,065 x 0,75
2
= 22,068 kNm
1 1 1 1 1 1
16 10 11 11 10 16
1 1 1 1 1
14 16 16 16 14
A B C D E F
1
Momen tumpuan A & F = 16 x WD x L2
1
= x 6,814 x 62
16
= 15,33 kNm
1
Momen tumpuan B & E = 10 x WD x L2
1
= x 6,814 x 62
10
= 24,53 kNm
1
Momen tumpuan C & D = 11 x WD x L2
1
= x 6,814 x 62
11
= 22,300 kNm
1
Momen lapangan AB & EF = 14 x WD x L2
1
= x 6,814 x 62
14
= 15,33 kNm
1
Momen lapangan BC, DE & CD = 16 x WD x L2
1
= x 6,814 x 62
16
= 15,332 kNm
1
Gaya Lintang = 2 x 1,15 x WD x L
1
= x 1,15 x 6,814 x 6
2
= 23,508 kN
1
= 2 x WD x L
1
= x 6,814 x 6
2
= 20,442 kN
Pada perhitungan tulangan digunakan momen mati maksimum:
Momen tumpuan = 24,53 kNm
Momen lapangan = 18,75 kNm
Gaya lintang = 23,508 Kn
Beban Hidup
o Akibat pelat atap
WL = 1 kN/m2
Jadi , diperoleh q2
q2 = 1/2 x WL x Lx x 2
= 1/2 x 1 x 3 x 2
= 3 kN/m
- Reaksi Perletakan :
Beban trapesium dijadikan beban merata
Reaksi perletakan q2 = 3
1 3 +6
RA = R B = x x3 = 6,75 kN
2 2
1
L1 = x 1,500 + 1,500 =2m
3
1
L2 = x 1,500 = 0,75 m
2
1
Q1 = Q = x 6,75 x 1,500 = 5,062 kN
2
Q2 = Q = 6,75 x 1,500 = 10,125 kN
L
Mmax = RA x – Q1 x L1 – Q2 x L2
2
6
= 6,75 x – 5,062 x 2 – 10,125 x 0,75
2
= 2,534 kNm
WL total = q1 + q4
= 1 + 0,562
= 1,562
Perhitungan momen :
1 1 1 1 1 1
16 10 11 11 10 16
1 1 1 1 1
14 16 16 16 14
A B C D E F
1
Momen tumpuan A & F = 16 x WL x L2
1
= x 1,562 x 62
16
= 3,52 kNm
1
Momen tumpuan B & E = 10 x WL x L2
1
= x 1,562 x 62
10
= 5,623 kNm
1
Momen tumpuan C & D = 11 x WL x L2
1
= x 1,562 x 62
11
= 5,112 kNm
1
Momen lapangan AB & EF = 14 x WL x L2
1
= x 1,562 x 62
14
= 4,017 kNm
1
Momen lapangan BC, DE & CD = 16 x WL x L2
1
= x 1,562 x 62
16
= 3,515 kNm
1
Gaya Lintang = 2 x 1,15 x WL x L
1
= x 1,15 x 1,562 x 6
2
= 5,389 kN
1
= 2 x WL x L
1
= x 1,562 x 6
2
= 4,686 kN
Pada perhitungan tulangan digunakan momen mati maksimum:
Momen tumpuan = 5,623 kNm
Momen lapangan = 4,017 kNm
Gaya lintang = 5,389 Kn
o Gaya Lintang
= 1,2 RD + 1,6 RL
= 1,2 x 23,508 + 1,6 x 5,389
= 49,048 Kn
Perhitungan tulangan
- Tulangan lapangan
Lebar efektif balok T ( bE )
bE
b1 b2
bw
Rumus:
1
bE ≤ l
4
bE ≤ bw + 16t
𝑙𝑛1 𝑙𝑛2
bE < bw + +
2 2
Dimana :
bw = Lebar balok
bE = Lebar efektif balok
Ln1 = Jarak antar balok sebelah kiri
Ln2 = Jarak antar balok sebelah kanan
L = Panjang balok bersih
t = Tebal pelat
1
bE1 = x (600 – ½ x 25 – ½ x 25 ) = 143,75 cm
4
bE2 = 20 + 16 x 12,5 = 220 cm
(300 – ½ x 25 – ½ x 20) (300 – ½ x 25 – ½ x 20)
bE3 = 20 + + = 297,5 cm
2 2
= 36 cm
Mu = 38,031 kNm
𝑀𝑢 38,031
= 143,75
𝑏𝐸 𝑥 𝑑2 𝑥 0,362
= 204,138 KN/m2
= 105 KN/m
Mu = 51,18 kNm
𝑀𝑢 51,18
= 0,20
𝑏 𝑥 𝑑2 𝑥 0,362
= 1974,53 KN/m2
= 1975 KN/m
Diinterpolasi sehingga,
1975−1900
p = 0,0066 + x ( 0,0070 – 0,0066)
2000−1900
= 0,0069 > pmin ……….(OK)
Asperlu =pxbxd
= 0,0069 x 200 x 360
= 496,8 mm2
pmin = 0,0035
pmax = 0,02032
Asmin = pmin x b x d
= 0,0035 x 200 x 360
= 252 mm2
Karna: Asperlu = 496,8 > Asmin = 252 maka digunakan Asperlu
Jadi, digunakan tulangan: 2 – Ø14 + 2 – Ø12 = 534 mm2
Cek jarak tulangan:
- Tulangan geser
a) Hitung τu dan Øτc
Vu = 49,048 kN
𝐿
𝑉𝑢𝑒𝑓 −𝑑
2
=
𝑉𝑢 𝐿/2
6
𝑉𝑢𝑒𝑓 −0,36
2
=
𝑉𝑢 6/2
Vuef = 43,162
ØTc = Ø x 1/6 √𝑓′𝑐 = 0,6 x 1/6 √25 = 0,50 MPa
𝑉𝑢𝑒𝑓 43,162 𝑥 103
τu =
𝑏𝑑
=
200 𝑥 360
= 0,60 MPa
Øτc < τu
x = 2,2 m
y = L – 1,941
= 3 – 2,2
= 0,8 m
𝑏𝑦 200 𝑥 2200
AS sengkang min =3 𝑓𝑦 = = 367 mm2
3 𝑥 400
- Bentang 360 mm
(τu−Øτc) 𝑏𝑦
AS sengkang = Øfy
= 15 mm2
15
Untuk per meter panjang = = 42 mm2
0,36
- Bentang 440 mm
1
(τu−Øτc) 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑎−𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑎 𝑏𝑦
2
AS sengkang =
Øfy
1
(0,60 −0,5) 𝑥 200 𝑥 440
2
=
0,6 𝑥 400
= 19 mm2
19
Untuk per meter panjang = = 47 mm2-
0,440
Øt s = 0,48 (Ø8-250)
Øt s = 0,48 (Ø8-250)
t u = 0,60
Øt c = 0,5 (Ø8-250)
3000
- Reaksi Perletakan :
1500 3000
q2 = 10,71/m
Q1 Q2
L2
L1 q1 = 2,38/m
RA 6000 RB
1
L2 = x 1,500 = 0,75 m
2
1
Q1 = Q = x 24,097 x 1,500 = 18,073 kN
2
Q2 = Q = 24,09 x 1,500 = 36,145 kN
L
Mmax = RA x – Q1 x L1 – Q2 x L2
2
6
= 24,097 x – 18,073 x 2 – 36,145 x 0,75
2
= 44,18 kNm
1 1 1 1 1 1
16 10 11 11 10 16
1 1 1 1 1
14 16 16 16 14
A B C D E F
1
Momen tumpuan A & F = 16 x WD x L2
1
= x 12,2 x 62
16
= 27,45 kNm
1
Momen tumpuan B & E = 10 x WD x L2
1
= x 12,2 x 62
10
= 43,92 kNm
1
Momen tumpuan C & D = 11 x WD x L2
1
= x 12,2 x 62
11
= 39,93 kNm
1
Momen lapangan AB & EF = 14 x WD x L2
1
= x 12,2 x 62
14
= 31,37 kNm
1
Momen lapangan BC, DE & CD = 16 x WD x L2
1
= x 12,2 x 62
16
= 27,45 kNm
1
Gaya Lintang = 2 x 1,15 x WD x L
1
= x 1,15 x 12,2 x 6
2
= 42,09 kN
1
= 2 x WD x L
1
= x 12,2 x 6
2
= 36,6 kN
Beban Hidup
o Akibat pelat atap
WL = 1 kN/m2
Jadi , diperoleh q2 dan q3
q2 = 1/2 x WL x Lx x 2
= 1/2 x 1 x 3 x 2
= 3 kN/m
q3 = 3 kN/m
- Reaksi Perletakan :
1500 3000
q2 = 3/m
Q1 Q2
L2
L1 q1 = 1/m
RA 6000 RB
1
L2 = x 1,500 = 0,75 m
2
1
Q1 = Q = x 6,75 x 1,500 = 5,062 kN
2
Q2 = Q = 6,75 x 1,500 = 10,125 kN
L
Mmax = RA x – Q1 x L1 – Q2 x L2
2
6
= 6,75 x – 5,062 x 2 – 10,125 x 0,75
2
= 1,267 kNm
Mmax ( ) = Mmax 2 ( ), dimana q = q4 dan q5
1
2,534 = x q4 x L2
8
2,534 x 8
=
62
= 0,562 kN/m
q4=q5 = 0,562 kN/m
Karena merupakan pelat dua arah,
WL total = q1 + q4
= 1 + 0,562
= 1,562
Perhitungan momen :
1 1 1 1 1 1
16 10 11 11 10 16
1 1 1 1 1
14 16 16 16 14
A B C D E F
1
Momen tumpuan A & F = 16 x WL x L2
1
= x 1,562 x 62
16
= 3,52 kNm
1
Momen tumpuan B & E = 10 x WL x L2
1
= x 1,562 x 62
10
= 5,623 kNm
1
Momen tumpuan C & D = 11 x WL x L2
1
= x 1,562 x 62
11
= 5,112 kNm
1
Momen lapangan AB & EF = 14 x WL x L2
1
= x 1,562 x 62
14
= 4,017 kNm
1
Momen lapangan BC, DE & CD = 16 x WL x L2
1
= x 1,562 x 62
16
= 3,515 kNm
1
Gaya Lintang = 2 x 1,15 x WL x L
1
= x 1,15 x 1,562 x 6
2
= 5,389 kN
1
= x WL x L
2
1
= x 1,562 x 6
2
= 4,686 kN
Beban Terfaktor
o Momen tumpuan
= 1,2 MTD + 1,6 MTL
= 1,2 x 43,92 + 1,6 x 5,623
= 61,701 kNm
o Momen lapangan
= 1,2 MLD + 1,6 MLL
= 1,2 x 31,37 + 1,6 x 4,017
= 44,071 kNm
o Gaya Lintang
= 1,2 RD + 1,6 RL
= 1,2 x 42,09 + 1,6 x 5,389
= 59,131 Kn
Perhitungan tulangan
- Tulangan lapangan
Lebar efektif balok T ( bE )
bE
b1 b2
bw
Rumus:
1
bE ≤ l
4
bE ≤ bw + 16t
𝑙𝑛1 𝑙𝑛2
bE < bw + +
2 2
Dimana :
bw = Lebar balok
bE = Lebar efektif balok
Ln1 = Jarak antar balok sebelah kiri
Ln2 = Jarak antar balok sebelah kanan
L = Panjang balok bersih
t = Tebal pelat
1
bE1 = x (600 – ½ x 25 – ½ x 25 ) = 143,75 cm
4
bE2 = 25 + 16 x 12,5 = 225 cm
(300 – ½ x 25 – ½ x 20) (300 – ½ x 25 – ½ x 20)
bE3 = 25 + + = 302,5 cm
2 2
= 36 cm
Mu = 59,131 kNm
𝑀𝑢 59,131
= 143,75
𝑏𝐸 𝑥 𝑑2 𝑥 0,362
= 317,396 KN/m2
= 318 KN/m
Diinterpolasi sehingga,
318−300
p = 0,0010 + 400−300 x ( 0,0013 – 0,0010)
= 0,0007
Asperlu = p x bE x d
= 0,0007 x 1438 x 360
= 362,376 mm2
pmin = 0,0035
pmax = 0,02032
Asmin = pmin x b x d
= 0,0035 x 250 x 360
= 315 mm2
2- Ø14
1- Ø12
Cek jarak tulangan:
𝑏−(𝑠𝑏𝑥2)−( Ø sengkang x 2)−(jumlah tulangan)
S =
2
250−2 𝑥 25 −2 𝑥 10− 2 𝑥 14 −1 𝑥 12
=
2
= 70 mm > 40 mm (Ok)
- Tulangan Tumpuan
Mu = 61,701 kNm
𝑀𝑢 61,701
= 0,25
𝑏 𝑥 𝑑2 𝑥 0,362
= 1360,216 KN/m2
= 1361 KN/m
Diinterpolasi sehingga,
1361 −1300
p = 0,0044 + x ( 0,0047 – 0,0044)
1400−1300
= 0,0045 > pmin ……….(OK)
Asperlu =pxbxd
= 0,0045 x 250 x 360
= 405 mm2
pmin = 0,0035
pmax = 0,02032
Asmin = pmin x b x d
= 0,0035 x 250 x 360
= 315 mm2
Karna: Asperlu = 405 > Asmin = 315 maka digunakan Asperlu
Jadi, digunakan tulangan: 2 - Ø14 + 2 - Ø12 = 534 mm2
2 - Ø14
2 - Ø12
- Tulangan geser
d) Hitung τu dan Øτc
Vu = 59,131 kN
ØTc = Ø x 1/6 √𝑓′𝑐 = 0,6 x 1/6 √25 = 0,50 MPa
𝐿
𝑉𝑢𝑒𝑓 −𝑑
2
=
𝑉𝑢 𝐿/2
6
𝑉𝑢𝑒𝑓 −0,36
2
=
𝑉𝑢 6/2
Vuef = 52,8
𝑉𝑢𝑒𝑓 52,8 𝑥 103
Τu =
𝑏𝑑
=
250 𝑥 360
= 0,61 MPa
Øτc < τu
Øτs = τu - Ø τc
= 0,61 – 0,5
= 0,11 MPa
x = 2,163 m
y=L–X
= 3 – 2,163
= 0,836 m
𝑏𝑦 250 𝑥 2163
AS sengkang min =3 𝑓𝑦 = = 451 mm2
3 𝑥 400
- Bentang 360 mm
(τu−Øτc) 𝑏𝑦
AS sengkang = Øfy
= 14,75 mm2
14,75
Untuk per meter panjang = = 40,983 mm2
0,36
- Bentang 476 mm
1
(τu−Øτc) 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑎−𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑎 𝑏𝑦
2
AS sengkang =
Øfy
1
(0,61 −0,5) 𝑥 250 𝑥 476
2
=
0,6 𝑥 400
= 12,39 mm2
12,39
Untuk per meter panjang = = 34,44 mm2-
0,61
= 0,48 MPa
Øt s = 0,48 (Ø8-250)
Øt s = 0,48 (Ø8-250)
t u = 0,61
Øt c = 0,5 (Ø8-250)
3000
4. Balok tepi memanjang lantai ( A )
= 2,152 m
Jadi, q3 = ½ x WD x Lx
= ½ x 3,694 x 3
= 5,645 kN/m
1500 3000
5,541
Q1 Q2
L2
L1 4,284
Beban trapesium dijadikan beban merata
Reaksi perletakan :
1 3+6
RA = RB = 2 x x 5,645 = 12,07 kN
2
1
L1 = 3 x 1,5 + 1,5 =2m
1
L2 = 2 x 1,5 = 0,75 m
L
Mmax 1 = RA x 2 – Q1 x L1 – Q2 x L2
6
= 12,07 x 2 – 4,23 x 2 – 8,46 x 0,75
= 21,405 kNm
21,405 = ⅛ x q 4 x L2
21,405 x 8
q4 =
62
= 4,75 kN/m
Wu total = q1 + q2 + q4
= 4,284 + 6,456 + 4,75
= 15,49 kN/m
Perhitungan momen:
1 1 1 1 1 1
16 10 11 11 10 16
1 1 1 1 1
14 16 16 16 14
A B C D E F
1
Momen tumpuan A & F → = 16 x Wu x L2
1
= x 15,49 x 62
16
= 49,068 kNm
1
Momen tumpuan B & E → = 10 x Wu x L2
1
= 10 x 15,49 x 62
= 78,509 kNm
1
Momen tumpuan C & D → = 11 x Wu x L2
1
= 11 x 15,49 x 62
= 71,372 kNm
1
Momen lapangan AB & EF → = 14 x Wu x L2
1
= 14 x 15,49 x 62
= 56,078 kNm
1
Momen lapangan BC, DE & CD → = 16 x Wu x L2
1
= x 15,49 x 62
16
= 49,068 kNm
Gaya lintang → = ½ x 1,15 x Wu x L
= ½ x 1,15 x 15,49 x 6
= 75,238 kN
→ = ½ x Wu x L
= ½ x 15,49 x 6
= 46,47 kN
- Reaksi Perletakan :
Beban trapesium dijadikan beban merata
1 3 +6
RA = R B = x x 1,5 = 3,375 kN
2 2
1
L1 = x 1,500 + 1,500 =2m
3
1
L2 = x 1,500 = 0,75 m
2
1
Q1 = Q = x 1,5 x 1,500 = 1,125 kN
2
Q2 = Q = 1,500 x 1,500 = 2,25 kN
L
Mmax = RA x – Q1 x L1 – Q2 x L2
2
6
= 3,375 x – 1,125 x 2 – 2,25 x 0,75
2
= 6,187 kNm
Perhitungan momen :
1 1 1 1 1 1
16 10 11 11 10 16
1 1 1 1 1
14 16 16 16 14
A B C D E F
1
Momen tumpuan A & F = 16 x WL x L2
1
= x 3,775 x 62
16
= 8,493 kNm
1
Momen tumpuan B & E = 10 x WL x L2
1
= x 3,775 x 62
10
= 13,59 kNm
1
Momen tumpuan C & D = 11 x WL x L2
1
= x 3,775 x 62
11
= 12,354 kNm
1
Momen lapangan AB & EF = 14 x WL x L2
1
= x 3,775 x 62
14
= 9,707 kNm
1
Momen lapangan BC, DE & CD = 16 x WL x L2
1
= x 3,775 x 62
16
= 8,493 kNm
1
Gaya Lintang = 2 x 1,15 x WL x L
1
= x 1,15 x 3,775 x 6
2
= 13,024 kN
1
= 2 x WL x L
1
= x 3,775 x 6
2
= 11,325 Kn
Perhitungan tulangan
- Tulangan lapangan
Lebar efektif balok T ( bE ) = bw + b1
bE
bw b1
Dimana:
b1 = 6 x tebal plat
Mu = 178,762 kNm
𝑀𝑢 178,762
=
𝑏𝐸 𝑥 𝑑2 0,775 𝑥 0,45702
= 1104,437 KN/m2
= 1105 KN/m
Diinterpolasi sehingga,
1105−1100
p = 0,0036 + 1200−1100 x ( 0,0040 – 0,0036)
= 0,0036
Asperlu = p x bE x d
= 1282,14 mm2
pmin = 1,4/fy
= 1,4/400 = 0,0035
𝑓′𝑐 600
pb = 0,85 x β1 x 𝑓𝑦
x ( 600+𝑓𝑦 ) β1 = 0.85 (f'c ≤ 30 )
25 600
= 0,85 x 0,85 x 400 𝑥 600+400
= 0,0271
pmax = 0,75 pb
= 0,75 x 0,0271
= 0,02032
Asmin = pmin x b x d
= 479,85 mm2
- Tulangan Tumpuan
Mu = 131,922 kNm
𝑀𝑢 131,922
= 0,30 𝑥 0,45702
𝑏 𝑥 𝑑2
= 2105,540 kN/m2
≈ 2106 kN/m
2106−2100
p = 0,0074 + x ( 0,0078 – 0,0074)
2200−2100
= 0,0074 > pmin ……….(OK)
Asperlu = p xbxd
= 0,0074 x 300 x 457
= 1017,83 mm2
pmin = 0,0035
pmax = 0,02032
= 0,5 x 2,73 x 6
= 8,19 kNm
√𝑓′𝑐 √25
= = 0,833 Mpa
6 6
∑ 𝑥 2 𝑦 = ( b2 x h ) + ( t2 x b1 )
= 108685 kN
= 11,045 kNm
106,103 x 10³
= 300 x 457
= 0,77 Mpa
500 Y1
X1 = b – 2 (p + ½ x Ds)
= 300 – 2 (25 + ½ 10)
= 240 mm
Y1 = h – 2 (p + ½ x Ds)
= 500 – 2 (25 + ½ 10)
= 440 mm
Jarak sengkang:
Ø10 mm At = 79 mm2 (1 penampang)
𝑦1 440
2+ ( ) 2+( )
𝑥1 240
αt = ( )= ( ) = 1,278
3 3
1,26 𝑥 79 𝑥 240 𝑥 440 𝑥 0,6 𝑥 400
S = = 987,375 mm
1,563 𝑥 106
= 66 mm2
Jadi, digunakan tulangan: 2 – Ø12 = 226 mm2
500
2 - D12
300
1500 3000
q2 = 11,082/m
Q1 Q2
L2
L1 q1 = 2,856/m
RA 6000 RB
1
L2 = x 1,500 = 0,75 m
2
1
Q1 = Q = x 24,935 x 1,500 = 18,71 kN
2
Q2 = Q = 24,935 x 1,500 = 37,40 kN
L
Mmax = RA x – Q1 x L1 – Q2 x L2
2
6
= 24,935 x – 18,71 x 2 – 37,40 x 0,75
2
= 22,856 kNm
Mmax ( ) = Mmax 2 ( ), dimana q = q3
1
22,856 = x q3 x L2
8
22,856 x 8
q3 =
62
= 5,079 kN/m
WD total = q1 + q3
= 5,079 + 2,078
= 7,935
Perhitungan momen :
1 1 1 1 1 1
16 10 11 11 10 16
1 1 1 1 1
14 16 16 16 14
A B C D E F
1
Momen tumpuan A & F = 16 x WD x L2
1
= x 7,935 x 62
16
= 17,853 kNm
1
Momen tumpuan B & E = 10 x WD x L2
1
= x 7,935 x 62
10
= 28,566 kNm
1
Momen tumpuan C & D = 11 x WD x L2
1
= x 7,935 x 62
11
= 25,969 kNm
1
Momen lapangan AB & EF = 14 x WD x L2
1
= x 7,935 x 62
14
= 20,404 kNm
1
Momen lapangan BC, DE & CD = 16 x WD x L2
1
= x 7,935 x 62
16
= 17,853 kNm
1
Gaya Lintang = 2 x 1,15 x WD x L
1
= x 1,15 x 7,935 x 6
2
= 27,375 kN
1
= 2 x WD x L
1
= x 7,935 x 6
2
= 23,805 kN
Beban Hidup
o Akibat pelat atap
WL = 1 kN/m2
Jadi , diperoleh q2 dan q3
q2 = 1/2 x WL x Lx x 2
= 1/2 x 1 x 3 x 2
= 3 kN/m
- Reaksi Perletakan :
Beban trapesium dijadikan beban merata
Reaksi perletakan q2 = 3
1 3 +6
RA = R B = x x3 = 6,75 kN
2 2
1
L1 = x 1,500 + 1,500 =2m
3
1
L2 = x 1,500 = 0,75 m
2
1
Q1 = Q = x 6,75 x 1,500 = 5,062 kN
2
Q2 = Q = 6,75 x 1,500 = 10,125 kN
L
Mmax = RA x – Q1 x L1 – Q2 x L2
2
6
= 6,75 x – 5,062 x 2 – 10,125 x 0,75
2
= 2,534 kNm
Mmax ( ) = Mmax 2 ( ), dimana q = q4 dan q5
1
2,534 = x q4 x L2
8
2,534 x 8
=
62
= 0,562 kN/m
q4=q5 = 0,562 kN/m
WL total = 1 + 0,562
= 1,562
Perhitungan momen :
1 1 1 1 1 1
16 10 11 11 10 16
1 1 1 1 1
14 16 16 16 14
A B C D E F
1
Momen tumpuan A & F = x WL x L2
16
1
= x 1,562 x 62
16
= 3,52 kNm
1
Momen tumpuan B & E = 10 x WL x L2
1
= x 1,562 x 62
10
= 5,623 kNm
1
Momen tumpuan C & D = x WL x L2
11
1
= x 1,562 x 62
11
= 5,112 kNm
1
Momen lapangan AB & EF = 14 x WL x L2
1
= x 1,562 x 62
14
= 4,017 kNm
1
Momen lapangan BC, DE & CD = 16 x WL x L2
1
= x 1,562 x 62
16
= 3,515 kNm
1
Gaya Lintang = 2 x 1,15 x WL x L
1
= x 1,15 x 1,562 x 6
2
= 5,389 kN
1
= 2 x WL x L
1
= x 1,562 x 6
2
= 4,686 Kn
bE
b1 b2
bw
Rumus:
1
bE ≤ l
4
bE ≤ bw + 16t
𝑙𝑛1 𝑙𝑛2
bE < bw + +
2 2
Dimana :
bw = Lebar balok
bE = Lebar efektif balok
Ln1 = Jarak antar balok sebelah kiri
Ln2 = Jarak antar balok sebelah kanan
L = Panjang balok bersih
t = Tebal pelat
1
bE1 = x (600 – ½ x 30 – ½ x 30 ) = 142,50 cm
4
bE2 = 25 + 16 x 13 = 233 cm
(300 – ½ x 25 – ½ x 20) (300 – ½ x 25 – ½ x 20)
bE3 = 25 + + = 302,5 cm
2 2
= 36 cm
Mu = 40,016 kNm
𝑀𝑢 40,016
= 142,50
𝑏𝐸 𝑥 𝑑2 𝑥 0,362
= 216,667 KN/m2
= 217 KN/m
- Tulangan Tumpuan
Mu = 56,02 kNm
𝑀𝑢 56,02
= 0,25
𝑏 𝑥 𝑑2 𝑥 0,362
= 1829,224 KN/m2
= 1830 KN/m
Diinterpolasi sehingga,
1830−1800
p = 0,0060 + 1900−1800 x ( 0,0063 – 0,0060)
= 0,0060 > pmin ……….(OK)
Asperlu =pxbxd
= 0,0060 x 250 x 360
= 540 mm2
pmin = 0,0035
pmax = 0,02032
Asmin = pmin x b x d
= 0,0035 x 250 x 360
= 315 mm2
Karna: Asperlu = 540 > Asmin = 315 maka digunakan Asperlu
Jadi, digunakan tulangan: 3 – Ø14 + 2 – Ø8 = 563 mm2
Vu = 53,688 kN
𝐿
𝑉𝑢𝑒𝑓 −𝑑
2
=
𝑉𝑢 𝐿/2
6
𝑉𝑢𝑒𝑓 −0,36
2
=
𝑉𝑢 6/2
Vuef = 47,245
ØTc = Ø x 1/6 √𝑓′𝑐 = 0,6 x 1/6 √25 = 0,50 MPa
𝑉𝑢𝑒𝑓 47,245 𝑥 103
τu =
𝑏𝑑
=
250 𝑥 360
= 0,53 MPa
Øτc < τu
Øτs = τu - Ø τc
= 0,60 – 0,53
= 0,07 MPa
x = 2,49 m
y = L – 2,49
= 3 – 2,49
= 0,5 m
𝑏𝑦 250 𝑥 2490
AS sengkang min =3 𝑓𝑦 = = 519 mm2
3 𝑥 400
- Bentang 360 mm
(τu−Øτc) 𝑏𝑦
AS sengkang = Øfy
= 12 mm2
12
Untuk per meter panjang = = 32 mm2
0,36
Digunakan tulangan: Ø8 – 225 = 223 mm2 (446 mm2)
𝐴𝑠 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑘.Ø𝑓𝑦
Øτs = 1000 𝑏
446 𝑥 0,6 𝑥 400
=
1000 𝑥 250
= 0,37 MPa
- Bentang 150 mm
1
(τu−Øτc) 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑎−𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑎 𝑏𝑦
2
AS sengkang =
Øfy
1
(0,53 −0,5) 𝑥 250 𝑥 150
2
=
0,6 𝑥 400
= 3 mm2
3
Untuk per meter panjang = = 20 mm2-
0,150
= 0,37 MPa
6. Balok tengah memanjang lantai (balok C)
Ukuran balok = 300 mm x 500 mm
Beban yang bekerja:
o Akibat beabn sendiri balok (beban mati)
q1 = 23,80 x 0,30 x 0,50
= 3,57 kN/m
o Akibat berat dinding
q2 = 12,5 x h efektif
Dimana, hefektif
Diasumsikan tidak ada lubang
= 100% (3,5 – (1/2 x 0,4) – (½ x 0,5))
= 3,05 m
Jadi q2
= 2,5 x 3,05
= 7,625 kN/m
1500 3000
q2 = 7,625/m
1500 3000
q3 = 11,082/m
Q1 Q2
L2
L1 q1 = 11,082/m
RA 6000 RB
1
L2 = x 1,500 = 0,75 m
2
1
Q1 = Q = x 11,082 x 1,500 = 8,311 kN
2
Q2 = Q = 11,082 x 1,500 = 16,623 kN
L
Mmax = RA x – Q1 x L1 – Q2 x L2
2
6
= 24,935 x – 8,311 x 2 – 16,623 x 0,75
2
= 45,714 kNm
Mmax ( ) = Mmax 2 ( ), dimana q = q3
1
45,714 = x q4 x L2
8
45,714 x 8
q4 =
62
= 10,159 kN/m
WD total = q1 + q2 + q4
= 4,284 + 7,625 + 10,159
= 22,068
Perhitungan momen :
1 1 1 1 1 1
16 10 11 11 10 16
1 1 1 1 1
14 16 16 16 14
A B C D E F
1
Momen tumpuan A & F = 16 x WD x L2
1
= x 22,068 x 62
16
= 49,653 kNm
1
Momen tumpuan B & E = 10 x WD x L2
1
= x 22,068 x 62
10
= 79,448 kNm
1
Momen tumpuan C & D = 11 x WD x L2
1
= x 22,068 x 62
11
= 72,222 kNm
1
Momen lapangan AB & EF = 14 x WD x L2
1
= x 22,068 x 62
14
= 56,746 kNm
1
Momen lapangan BC, DE & CD = 16 x WD x L2
1
= x 22,068 x 62
16
= 49,653 kNm
1
Gaya Lintang = 2 x 1,15 x WD x L
1
= x 1,15 x 22,068 x 6
2
= 76,134 kN
1
= 2 x WD x L
1
= x 22,068 x 6
2
= 66,204 kN
Beban Hidup
o Akibat pelat atap
WL = 1 kN/m2
Jadi , diperoleh q2
q2 = 1/2 x WL x Lx x 2
= 1/2 x 1x 3 x2
= 3 kN/m
- Reaksi Perletakan :
1500 3000
q2 = 3/m
Q1 Q2
L2
L1 q1 = 1/m
RA 6000 RB
Beban trapesium dijadikan beban merata
Reaksi perletakan q2 = 3
1 3 +6
RA = R B = x x3 = 6,75 kN
2 2
1
L1 = x 1,500 + 1,500 =2m
3
1
L2 = x 1,500 = 0,75 m
2
1
Q1 = Q = x 6,75 x 1,500 = 5,062 kN
2
Q2 = Q = 6,75 x 1,500 = 10,125 kN
L
Mmax = RA x – Q1 x L1 – Q2 x L2
2
6
= 6,75 x – 5,062 x 2 – 10,125 x 0,75
2
= 1,267 kNm
WL total = q1 + q4
= 1 + 0,562
= 1,562
Perhitungan momen :
1 1 1 1 1 1
16 10 11 11 10 16
1 1 1 1 1
14 16 16 16 14
A B C D E F
1
Momen tumpuan A & F = 16 x WL x L2
1
= x 1,562 x 62
16
= 3,52 kNm
1
Momen tumpuan B & E = 10 x WL x L2
1
= x 1,562 x 62
10
= 5,623 kNm
1
Momen tumpuan C & D = 11 x WL x L2
1
= x 1,562 x 62
11
= 5,112 kNm
1
Momen lapangan AB & EF = 14 x WL x L2
1
= x 1,562 x 62
14
= 4,017 kNm
1
Momen lapangan BC, DE & CD = 16 x WL x L2
1
= x 1,562 x 62
16
= 3,515 kNm
1
Gaya Lintang = 2 x 1,15 x WL x L
1
= x 1,15 x 1,562 x 6
2
= 5,389 kN
1
= 2 x WL x L
1
= x 1,562 x 6
2
= 4,686 kN
Beban Terfaktor
o Momen tumpuan
= 1,2 MTD + 1,6 MTL
= 1,2 x 79,448 + 1,6 x 5,623
= 104,334 kNm
o Momen lapangan
= 1,2 MLD + 1,6 MLL
= 1,2 x 56,746 + 1,6 x 4,017
= 74,522 kNm
o Gaya Lintang
= 1,2 RD + 1,6 RL
= 1,2 x 76,134 + 1,6 x 5,389
= 99,983 Kn
Perhitungan tulangan
- Tulangan lapangan
Lebar efektif balok T ( bE )
bE
b1 b2
bw
Rumus:
1
bE ≤ l
4
bE ≤ bw + 16t
𝑙𝑛1 𝑙𝑛2
bE < bw + +
2 2
Dimana :
bw = Lebar balok
bE = Lebar efektif balok
Ln1 = Jarak antar balok sebelah kiri
Ln2 = Jarak antar balok sebelah kanan
L = Panjang balok bersih
t = Tebal pelat
1
bE1 = x (600 – ½ x 30 – ½ x 30 ) = 142,5 cm
4
bE2 = 30 + 16 x 13 = 238 cm
(300 – ½ x 25 – ½ x 30) (300 – ½ x 25 – ½ x 30)
bE3 = 30 + + = 302,5 cm
2 2
= 45,55 cm
Mu = 74,522 kNm
𝑀𝑢 74,522
= 142,5
𝑏𝐸 𝑥 𝑑2 𝑥 0,45552
= 252,05 KN/m2
= 252 KN/m
Mu = 104,334 kNm
𝑀𝑢 104,334 kNm
=
𝑏 𝑥 𝑑2 0,30 𝑥 0,45552
= 1676,202 KN/m2
= 1676 KN/m
Dari buku tabel perhitungan beton bertulang (Gidion) diperoleh:
Diinterpolasi sehingga,
1676 −1600
p = 0,0053 + x ( 0,0047 – 0,0044)
1700−1600
= 0,0055 > pmin ……….(OK)
Asperlu =pxbxd
= 0,055 x 300 x 455,5
= 751,575 mm2
pmin = 0,0035
pmax = 0,02032
Asmin = pmin x b x d
= 0,0035 x 250 x 455,5
= 478,28 mm2
Karna: Asperlu = 751,575 > Asmin = 478,28 maka digunakan Asperlu
Jadi, digunakan tulangan: 3 - Ø19 = 851 mm2
- Tulangan geser
o Hitung τu dan Øτc
Vu = 99,983 Kn
ØTc = Ø x 1/6 √𝑓′𝑐 = 0,6 x 1/6 √25 = 0,50 MPa
𝐿
𝑉𝑢𝑒𝑓 −𝑑
2
=
𝑉𝑢 𝐿/2
6
𝑉𝑢𝑒𝑓 −0,455
2
=
𝑉𝑢 6/2
Vuef = 90,714
𝑉𝑢𝑒𝑓 90,714 𝑥 103
Τu = = = 0,66 MPa
𝑏𝑑 300 𝑥 455
Øτc < τu
Øτs = τu - Ø τc
= 0,66 – 0,5
= 0,16 MPa
x = 1,92 m
y=L–X
= 3 – 1,92
= 1,07 m
𝑏𝑦 300 𝑥 1920
AS sengkang min =3 𝑓𝑦 = = 480 mm2
3 𝑥 400
- Bentang 455,5 mm
(τu−Øτc) 𝑏𝑦
AS sengkang = Øfy
= 91 mm2
91
Untuk per meter panjang = = 200 mm2
0,455
- Bentang 625 mm
1
(τu−Øτc) 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑎−𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑎 𝑏𝑦
2
AS sengkang =
Øfy
1
(0,66 −0,5) 𝑥 300 𝑥 625
2
=
0,6 𝑥 400
= 63 mm2
63
Untuk per meter panjang = = 101 mm2-
0,625
= 0,37 MPa
Rekapitulasi tulangan:
1. Perhitungan Struktur
2. Beban beban yang bekerja
Keterangan :
Diketahui:
Tekanan angin, diambil = 60 Kg/m2 = 0,6 kN/m2
Tinggi h1 = 350 cm = 3,5 m
Tinggi h2 = 350 cm = 3,5 m
Panjang L1/L2/L3/L4/L5 = 600 cm =6m
Tinggi h3 = ½ h2 = ½ x 3,5 = 1,75 m
Tinggi h4 = ½ h1+ ½ h2 = ½ x 3,50 + ½ x 3,50 = 3,50 m
Kofisien angin tekan = 0,9
Beban Mati
Beban Hidup
Beban Angin
3. Analisis SAP2000
a. Kombinasi pembebanan
Adapun kombinasi yang digunakan pada SAP 2000
- 1,4 D
- 1,2D + 1,6L
- 1,2D + 1,0L + 1,6W
- 1,2D + 1,0W – 1,6L
- 0,9D + 1,6W
- 0,9D + 1,6W
- D+L
1 2
10
8
3 4
6
5
7
Beban Mati
Beban Hidup
Beban Angin
1. Momen Lapangan
As Perlu = 1141 mm2 ( SAP 2000)
Diinterpolasi sehingga,
1972 − 1900
p = 0,0063 + 2000 − 1900 x ( 0,0067 – 0,0063)
p = 0,0065 > pmin = 0,0035 (Ok)
Asperlu =pxbxd
= 0,0065 x 300 x 555,5
= 1099 mm2
2. Momen Tumpuan
As Perlu = 1190 mm2 ( SAP 2000)
Diinterpolasi sehingga,
2200 − 2006
p = 0,0067 + 2006 − 2000 x ( 0,0074 – 0,0067)
p = 0,0067 > pmin = 0,0035 (Ok)
Asperlu =pxbxd
= 0,0067 x 300 x 555,5
= 1117 mm2
Tumpuan 1141
SAP2000
Lapangan 1190
Tumpuan 1099
Manual
Lapangan 1117
3. Kolom
Pu = 154,22
Mu = 31,12
Dimana:
𝑀𝑢 31,12
et = = = 0,201 m = 201 mm
𝑃𝑢 154,22
𝑒𝑡 201
= = 0,67
ℎ 300
𝑃𝑢 𝑒𝑡
( ).( ℎ
) = 0,13 x 0,67 = 0,083
Ф .𝐴𝑔𝑟 .0,85 .𝑓′𝑐
𝑑′ 65
Dianggap = = 0,216 ≈ 0,216
ℎ 400
Dari grafik untuk kolom dengan tulangan pada seluruh sisi dengan
fy 400, diperoleh:
ρ = 0,01
Astot = ρ x Agr
= 0,01 x (300 x 300)
Astot = 900 mm2
Daerah lapangan:
Asperlu = 764 mm2
Digunakan tulangan 4 D16 (804 mm2)
Tulangan Geser:
Asperlu = 0.287 mm2/mm = 287 mm2/m
Digunakan tulangan D10 – 250 (314 mm2)
2) Balok Lantai
Daerah lapangan:
Asperlu = 1190 mm2
Digunakan tulangan 5 D19 (1407 mm2)
Daerah tumpuan:
Asperlu = 1141 mm2
Digunakan tulangan 5 D19 (1407 mm2)
Tulangan Geser:
Asperlu = 0.359 mm2
Digunakan tulangan D10 – 100 (393 mm2)
3) Kolom Lantai 1
Ukuran kolom = 30 x 30 cm
- Tulangan kolom:
Asperlu = 900 mm2 < As perlu lantai 2
300
Maka digunakan tulangan lantai 2 D12
As = 900
Digunakan tulangan 4 D14 + 4 D12 (1068 mm2)
D14
- Tulangan geser:
As =
𝑏𝑥𝑦 300
3𝑓𝑦
300 𝑥 1000
= 3 𝑥 400
= 250
Digunakan tulangan D6 - 200 (282 mm2)
4) Kolom Lantai 2
Ukuran kolom = 25 x 25 cm
- Tulangan kolom:
250
c. Kolom Lantai 1
Tulangan = 4 D14 + 4 D12 (1068 mm2)
Sengkang = D6 – 200 (314 mm2)
d. Kolom Lantai 2
Tulangan = 4 D14 (1068 mm2)
Sengkang = D6 – 250 (226 mm2)
` = 0,147 MPa
Beban terfaktor:
- Gaya aksial Pu = (1,2 x 572,12) + (1,6 x 244)
= 1076,72 kN
= 6,184 kN.m
Mu 6184
Eksentrisitas e = = = 5,74 mm
Pu 1076,72
P 6𝑒
APerlu = x[1+ ]
q netto L
34,461
L2 = 7061705 x [ 1 + ]
L
L = 2695 mm = 2800 mm
diketahui
c = 250
d = 173
(c+d)
qV2 = qc+ [ ] x (q1nett – qc)
L
(300+173)
= 0,114+ [ ] x (0,117 – 0,112)
2800
= 0,115 Mpa
(q1+qc) (qv2+qc)
Vu2 = xLx½L- x (c + d) x ½ (c + d)
2 2
(0,117+0,114) (0,115+0,114)
= x 2800 x ½(2800) - x (300+173) x
2 2
½(300+173)
= 82947,30 – 12840
= 70108 N
Vc = 0,33√𝑓𝑐 x b0 x d
= 0,33√25 x 1892 x 323
= 540071 N
= 540,07 kN
(∝s x d)
Vc = [2 + ] x √𝑓𝑐 x b0 x d/12
bo
(30 x 323)
= [2 + ] x √25 x 1892 x 173
1892
= 64687 N
= 647 Kn
100
= 0,114 + (1400) x 0,003
= 0,115 MPa
(0,115 + 0,114)
Mu = 0,5 x x 2800 x 425 x 10-6
2
= 29 kN.m
Karena ØPn > Pu, kolom mampu menahan gaya aksial melalui
tegangan tekan beton saja, sehingga digunakan tulangan pasak
minimum sebesar:
As min = 0,005 x Ag
= 0,005 x 300 x 300
= 450 mm2
Digunakan tulangan pasak 4 Ø12 (452 mm2)