29 Agustus 2017
Pengantar Rekayasa Material
Engineer
• Merancang dan membuat produk
- Produk harus berfungsi dengan baik
sepanjang masa pakainya
- Produk layak secara estetika dan ekonomi
• Agar dapat mengetahui batasan serta sifat-sifat yang dimiliki material dan dapat
melakukan perubahan terhadap sifat-sifat tersebut
- Bagaimana merubah suatu material menjadi lebih keras, lebih kuat, lebih tahan
karat?
-Bagaimana mempertimbangkan perubahan sifat mekanik material selama
beroperasi yang mungkin disebabkan oleh kondisi lingkungan (suhu, tekanan,
humidity).
• Agar dapat menciptakan material baru yang sifatnya sesuai dengan yang dihendaki.
• Agar dapat mengembangkan material baru dengan sifat yang lebih unggul.
Examples of Material Failures
Penggolongan Material
Metals
Polymers
Ceramics
Composites
- Keramik dapat terbentuk dengan adanya panas dan, panas dan tekanan.
- Sifat: keras, getas, isolator listrik dan panas yang baik, tahan temperatur tinggi
Ceramic Ceramic
Examples
Advanced
ceramics
Traditional ceramic
Products of Oxide Ceramics
Engineering components
Polimer (Plastik)
• Kebanyakan merupakan senyawa organik yang secara kimiawi berbasis
karbon, hidrogen, dan non metalik (mis: O, Si, N)
• Sifat: berat jenis rendah, duktil (ulet), mudah dibentuk menjadi bentuk yang
kompleks, tahan bahan kimia, cenderung melunak pada temperatur tinggi,
konduktivitas listrik rendah, non magnetik
COMPOSITES
REINFORCEMENT (generally fibers which has high tensile strength
and is susceptible to breakage)
• Contoh:
1. Fiberglass (Glass Fiber Reinforced Ploymer, GFRP): gabungan serat
kaca dengan polimer
Serat kaca bersifat kuat, kaku, getas
Polimer: duktil, lemah, fleksibel
Fiberglass: kuat, kaku, fleksibel,duktil, low density
Batas butir
Patah getas
Patah ulet
Sifat Material
1. Aplikasi, performans
Properti material yang diinginkan.
Temperature
composition
Time
Classification of heat treatment technique
Annealing
Annealing involves treating steel up to a high temperature, and then cooling it very slowly to room
temperature, so that the resulting microstructure will possess high ductility and toughness, but low
hardness.
Annealing is performed by heating a component to the appropriate temperature, soaking it at that
temperature, and then shutting off the furnace while the piece is in it.
Normalizing
Normalizing involves heating steel, and then keeping it at that temperature for a period of time, and
then cooling it in air. The resulting microstructure is a mixture of ferrite and cementite which has a
higher strength and hardness, but lower ductility.
Tempering
Tempering involves heating steel that has been quenched and hardened for an adequate period of
time so that the metal can be equilibrated. The hardness and strength obtained depend upon the
temperature at which tempering is carried out. Higher temperatures will result into high ductility, but
low strength and hardness. Low tempering temperatures will produce low ductility, but high
strength and hardness.
Contoh
-Reduce thickness
-Change cross-section
Microstructure after rolling
Rolling for metallic sheet