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Karier ilmiah
Bidang Fisika •
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Matematika •
Astronomi
Alkimia •
Teologi Kristen
Ekonomi
Institusi Universitas
Cambridge
Royal Society
Royal Mint
William Whiston
Terinspirasi Johannes Kepler
Henry More[4]
Polish Brethren[5]
Robert Boyle[6]
Tanda tangan
Biografi
Masa-masa awal
Masa Dewasa
Matematika
Optika
Replika teleskop refleksi kedua Newton yang ia
presentasikan ke Royal Society pada tahun 1672[19]
Masa tua
Pandangan keagamaan
Kuburan Newton di Westminster Abbey
Kiamat
Lihat pula
Daftar Tokoh Inggris
Newton
Hukum Sains
Referensi
1. ^ a b c Semasa hidup Newton, dua jenis
kalender digunakan di Eropa: Julian
("penanggalan lama") yang berlaku untuk
Protestan dan Ortodoks, termasuk area
Britania Raya; dan Gregorian ("penanggalan
baru") yang berlaku untuk Katolik Roma di
Eropa. Saat kelahiran Newton, penanggalan
Gregorian sepuluh hari lebih maju dari
penanggalan Julian: lalu kelahirannya
dicatatkan pada tanggal 25 Desember 1642
untuk penanggalan Julian dan dapat
dikonversi menjadi 4 Januari 1643 untuk
penanggalan Gregorian. Saat kematian
Newton, perbedaan antara penanggalan
bertambah menjadi sebelas hari: Ia
meninggal di awal periode penggunaan
penanggalan Gregorian pada 1 Januari,
walaupun sebelumnya tahun baru pada
penanggalan Julian adalah 25 Maret.
Kematiannya dicatatkan pada 20 Maret
1726 untuk penanggalan Julian, tetapi
tahunnya disesuaikan ke 1727. Untuk
penanggalan Gregorian, dicatatkan pada 31
Maret 1727.
2. ^ Mordechai Feingold, Barrow, Isaac
(1630–1677) , Oxford Dictionary of
National Biography, Oxford University
Press, September 2004; online edn, May
2007. Retrieved 24 February 2009;
explained further in Mordechai Feingold's
"Newton, Leibniz, and Barrow Too: An
Attempt at a Reinterpretation " in Isis, Vol.
84, No. 2 (June 1993), pp. 310–338.
3. ^ "Newton, Isaac" in the Dictionary of
Scientific Biography, n.4.
4. ^ a b Westfall, Richard S. (1983) [1980].
Never at Rest: A Biography of Isaac
Newton. Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press. hlm. 530–1. ISBN 9780521274357.
5. ^ a b c d Snobelen, Stephen D. (1999).
"Isaac Newton, heretic : the strategies of a
Nicodemite" (PDF). British Journal for the
History of Science. 32 (4): 381–419.
doi:10.1017/S0007087499003751 .
6. ^ Stokes, Mitch (2010). Isaac Newton .
Thomas Nelson. hlm. 97.
ISBN 1595553037. Diakses tanggal 17
October 2012.
7. ^ Isaac Newton's Religious Side USA
Today News
8. ^ " "God is known for his work" " . Isaac-
newton.org. Diakses tanggal 17 August
2012.
9. ^
http://www.adherents.com/adh_influ.html
10. ^ "The Early Period (1608–1672)" .
James R. Graham's Home Page. Diakses
tanggal 2009-02-03.
11. ^ "Newton beats Einstein in polls of
scientists and the public" . The Royal
Society.
12. ^ Cohen, I.B. (1970). Dictionary of
Scientific Biography, Vol. 11, p.43. New
York: Charles Scribner's Sons
13. ^ Westfall (1993) pp 16-19
14. ^ Michael White, Isaac Newton (1999)
page 46
15. ^ Templat:Venn
16. ^ Westfall 1980, pp 538–539
17. ^ Ball 1908, p. 356ff
18. ^ White 1997, p. 151
19. ^ The History of the Telescope By Henry
C. King, Page 74
20. ^ Ball 1908, p. 324
21. ^ Ball 1908, p. 325
22. ^ a b White 1997, p170
23. ^ Hall, Alfred Rupert (1996). '''Isaac
Newton: adventurer in thought''', by Alfred
Rupert Hall, page 67 . Google Books.
ISBN 9780521566698. Diakses tanggal 16
January 2010.
24. ^ White 1997, p168
25. ^ a b See 'Correspondence of Isaac
Newton, vol.2, 1676–1687' ed. H W
Turnbull, Cambridge University Press 1960;
at page 297, document #235, letter from
Hooke to Newton dated 24 November
1679.
26. ^ Iliffe, Robert (2007) Newton. A very
short introduction, Oxford University Press
2007
27. ^ Keynes, John Maynard (1972).
"Newton, The Man". The Collected Writings
of John Maynard Keynes Volume X.
MacMillan St. Martin's Press. hlm. 363–4.
28. ^ Dobbs, J.T. (1982). "Newton's
Alchemy and His Theory of Matter". Isis. 73
(4): 523. doi:10.1086/353114 . Parameter
|month= yang tidak diketahui akan
diabaikan (bantuan); Parameter
|unused_data= yang tidak diketahui
akan diabaikan (bantuan) quoting Opticks
29. ^ a b Duarte F. J (2000). "Newton,
prisms, and the 'opticks' of tunable lasers"
(PDF). Optics and Photonics News. 11 (5):
24–25. Bibcode:2000OptPN..11...24D .
doi:10.1364/OPN.11.5.000024 .
30. ^ R S Westfall, 'Never at Rest', 1980, at
pages 391-2.
31. ^ D T Whiteside (ed.), 'Mathematical
Papers of Isaac Newton', vol.6, 1684-1691,
Cambridge University Press 1974, hal. 30.
32. ^ Lihat Curtis Wilson, "The Newtonian
achievement in astronomy", hal 233-274
dalam R Taton & C Wilson (eds) (1989) The
General History of Astronomy, Volume, 2A',
at page 233 .
33. ^ Text quotations are from 1729
translation of Newton's Principia, Book 3
(1729 vol.2) at pages 232-233 .
34. ^ Edelglass et al., Matter and Mind,
ISBN 0-940262-45-2. hal. 54
35. ^ Westfall 1980. Chapter 11.
36. ^ Westfall 1980. pp 493–497 on the
friendship with Fatio, pp 531–540 on
Newton's breakdown.
37. ^ Gerard Michon. "Coat of arms of Isaac
Newton" . Numericana.com. Diakses
tanggal 2010-01-16.
38. ^ White 1997, p. 232
39. ^ White 1997, p.317
40. ^ "The Queen's 'great Assistance' to
Newton's election was his knighting, an
honor bestowed not for his contributions to
science, nor for his service at the Mint, but
for the greater glory of party politics in the
election of 1705." Westfall 1994 p.245
41. ^ Yonge, Charlotte M. (1898). "Cranbury
and Brambridge" . John Keble's Parishes –
Chapter 6. www.online-literature.com.
Diakses tanggal 23 September 2009.
42. ^ Westfall 1980, p. 44.
43. ^ Westfall 1980, p. 595
44. ^ "Newton, Isaac (1642-1727)" . Eric
Weisstein's World of Biography. Diakses
tanggal 2006-08-30.
45. ^ Pfizenmaier, T.C. (1997). "Was Isaac
Newton an Arian?". Journal of the History
of Ideas. 58 (1): 57–80.
doi:10.1353/jhi.1997.0001 .
46. ^ Snobelen, Stephen D. (1999). "Isaac
Newton, heretic: the strategies of a
Nicodemite" (PDF). British Journal for the
History of Science. 32 (4): 383.
doi:10.1017/S0007087499003751 . Lebih
dari satu parameter |pages= dan |page=
yang digunakan (bantuan)
47. ^ Avery Cardinal Dulles. The Deist
Minimum.[1] January 2005.
48. ^ Westfall, Richard S. (1994). The Life of
Isaac Newton. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press. ISBN 0-521-47737-9.
49. ^ Tiner, J.H. (1975). Isaac Newton:
Inventor, Scientist and Teacher. Milford,
Michigan, U.S.: Mott Media. ISBN 0-915134-
95-0.
50. ^ John P. Meier, A Marginal Jew, v. 1, pp.
382–402 after narrowing the years to 30 or
33, provisionally judges 30 most likely.
51. ^ Newton to Richard Bentley 10
December 1692, in Turnbull et al. (1959–
77), vol 3, p. 233.
52. ^ Opticks, 2nd Ed 1706. Query 31.
53. ^ H. G. Alexander (ed) The Leibniz-
Clarke correspondence, Manchester
University Press, 1998, p. 11.
54. ^ Neil Degrasse Tyson (November
2005). "The Perimeter of Ignorance" .
Natural History Magazine.
55. ^ Jacob, Margaret C. (1976). The
Newtonians and the English Revolution:
1689–1720. Cornell University Press.
hlm. 37, 44. ISBN 0-85527-066-7.
56. ^ Westfall, Richard S. (1958). Science
and Religion in Seventeenth-Century
England. New Haven: Yale University Press.
hlm. 200. ISBN 0-208-00843-8.
57. ^ Haakonssen, Knud. "The
Enlightenment, politics and providence:
some Scottish and English comparisons".
Dalam Martin Fitzpatrick ed. Enlightenment
and Religion: Rational Dissent in
eighteenth-century Britain. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press. hlm. 64.
ISBN 0-521-56060-8.
58. ^ Principia, Book III; cited in; Newton's
Philosophy of Nature: Selections from his
writings, p. 42, ed. H.S. Thayer, Hafner
Library of Classics, NY, 1953.
59. ^ A Short Scheme of the True Religion,
manuscript quoted in Memoirs of the Life,
Writings and Discoveries of Sir Isaac
Newton by Sir David Brewster, Edinburgh,
1850; cited in; ibid, p. 65.
60. ^ Webb, R.K. ed. Knud Haakonssen.
"The emergence of Rational Dissent."
Enlightenment and Religion: Rational
Dissent in eighteenth-century Britain.
Cambridge University Press, Cambridge:
1996. p19.
61. ^ H. G. Alexander (ed) The Leibniz-
Clarke correspondence, Manchester
University Press, 1998, p. 14.
62. ^ Westfall, 1958 p201.
63. ^ Marquard, Odo. "Burdened and
Disemburdened Man and the Flight into
Unindictability," in Farewell to Matters of
Principle. Robert M. Wallace trans. London:
Oxford UP, 1989.
64. ^ "Papers Show Isaac Newton's
Religious Side, Predict Date of
Apocalypse" . Associated Press. 19 June
2007. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 13
August 2007. Diakses tanggal 1 August
2007.
Bibliografi
Ball, W.W. Rouse (1908). A Short
Account of the History of Mathematics.
New York: Dover. ISBN 0-486-20630-0.
Christianson, Gale (1984). In the
Presence of the Creator: Isaac Newton &
His Times. New York: Free Press.
ISBN 0-02-905190-8. This well
documented work provides, in particular,
valuable information regarding Newton's
knowledge of Patristics
Craig, John (1958). "Isaac Newton –
Crime Investigator". Nature. 182 (4629):
149–152.
Bibcode:1958Natur.182..149C .
doi:10.1038/182149a0 .
Craig, John (1963). "Isaac Newton and
the Counterfeiters". Notes and Records
of the Royal Society of London. 18 (2):
136–145. doi:10.1098/rsnr.1963.0017 .
Levenson, Thomas (2010). Newton and
the Counterfeiter: The Unknown
Detective Career of the World's Greatest
Scientist. Mariner Books. ISBN 978-0-
547-33604-6.
Manuel, Frank E (1968). A Portrait of
Isaac Newton. Belknap Press of Harvard
University, Cambridge, MA.
Stewart, James (2009). Calculus:
Concepts and Contexts. Cengage
Learning. ISBN 978-0-495-55742-5.
Westfall, Richard S. (1980). Never at
Rest. Cambridge University Press.
ISBN 0-521-27435-4.
Westfall, Richard S. (2007). Isaac
Newton. Cambridge University Press.
ISBN 978-0-19-921355-9.
Westfall, Richard S. (1994). The Life of
Isaac Newton. Cambridge University
Press. ISBN 0-521-47737-9.
White, Michael (1997). Isaac Newton:
The Last Sorcerer. Fourth Estate Limited.
ISBN 1-85702-416-8.
Bacaan lanjutan
Andrade, E. N. De C. (1950). Isaac
Newton. New York: Chanticleer Press.
ISBN 0-8414-3014-4.
Bardi, Jason Socrates. The Calculus
Wars: Newton, Leibniz, and the Greatest
Mathematical Clash of All Time. 2006.
277 pp. excerpt and text search
Bechler, Zev (1991). Newton's Physics
and the Conceptual Structure of the
Scientific Revolution. Springer. ISBN 0-
7923-1054-3..
Bechler, Zev (2013). Contemporary
Newtonian Research (Studies in the
History of Modern Science)(Volume 9).
Springer. ISBN 978-9400977174..
Berlinski, David. Newton's Gift: How Sir
Isaac Newton Unlocked the System of
the World. (2000). 256 pages. excerpt
and text search ISBN 0-684-84392-7
Buchwald, Jed Z. and Cohen, I. Bernard,
eds. Isaac Newton's Natural Philosophy.
MIT Press, 2001. 354 pages. excerpt
and text search
Casini, P (1988). "Newton's Principia and
the Philosophers of the Enlightenment".
Notes and Records of the Royal Society
of London. 42 (1): 35–52.
doi:10.1098/rsnr.1988.0006 .
ISSN 0035-9149 . JSTOR 531368 .
Christianson, Gale E (1996). Isaac
Newton and the Scientific Revolution.
Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-
530070-X. See this site for excerpt and
text search.
Christianson, Gale (1984). In the
Presence of the Creator: Isaac Newton &
His Times. New York: Free Press.
ISBN 0-02-905190-8.
Cohen, I. Bernard and Smith, George E.,
ed. The Cambridge Companion to
Newton. (2002). 500 pp. focuses on
philosophical issues only; excerpt and
text search ; complete edition online
Cohen, I. B (1980). The Newtonian
Revolution. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press. ISBN 0-521-22964-2.
Craig, John (1946). Newton at the Mint.
Cambridge, England: Cambridge
University Press.
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42805-2.
de Villamil, Richard (1931). Newton, the
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selections from Newton's Principia in the
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393-00189-X. Keynes took a close
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