REPORT TEXT

Istilah report text sering juga dikenal dengan sebutan informational report. Report,

dalam Concise Oxford Dictionary Edisi 10, diartikan sebagai 1)an account given of a matter
after investigation or consideration. 2)a piece of information about an event or situation.
Jika disimpulkan, secara bahasa report text adalah teks yang berfungsi untuk memberikan
informasi tentang suatu peristiwa atau situasi, setelah diadakannya investigasi dan melalui
berbagai pertimbangan.

Generic Structure Report Text.

Seperti halnya dengan descriptive text, Report text juga hanya memiliki dua generic
structure yaitu:
1. General Clasification; Pernyataan umum yang menerangkan subjek laporan,
keterangan, dan klasifikasinya. 
2. Description: tells what the phenomenon under discussion ; in terms of parts,
qualities, habits or behaviors; Pada bagian ini biasanya memberikan gambaran
fenomena-fenomena yang terjadi; baik bagian-bagiannya, sifat-sifatnya, kebiasaannya,
ataupun tingkah lakunya. Intinya adalah penjabaran dari klasifikasi yang disajikan
dengan ilmiah.
Ada juga beberapa keterangan mengenai generic structure report text, yang meliputi :
1. General information
2. Bundles of Specific Information

Tujuan Report Text

Setiap tulisan pasti memiliki tujuan mengapa tulisan itu ditulis. Begitu juga dengan report
text.
1. Tujuan teks report ialah untuk menyampaikan informasi hasil pengamatan dan analisa
yang sistematis.
2. Tujuan report text selain itu, untuk informasi yang dijelaskan dalam report text pada
umumnya bersifat umum, baik itu alamiah ataupun juga secara buatan. Contohnya
seperti binatang mamalia, transportasi, bebatuan, negara bagian, tumbuh-tumbuhan,
planet dan budaya atau sebagainya.
Pola Tata Bahasa dalam Report Text / Language Feature
Setiap tulisan pasti memiliki ciri bahasa tersendiri; jika recount text dan narrative
text cenderung memiliki ciri menggunakan simple past, lalu bagaimana dengan report
text? Pola grammar yang umum digunakan dalam teks report, yang meliputi :
1. Use of general nouns, eg hunting dogs, rather than particular nouns, eg our dog;
2. Use of relating verbs to describe features, eg Molecules are tiny particles;
3. Some use of action verbs when describing behaviour, eg Emus cannot fly;
4. Use of timeless present tense to indicate usualness, eg Tropical cyclones always
begin over the sea;
5. Use of technical terms, eg Isobars are lines drawn on a weather map;
6. Use of paragraphs with topic sentences to organise bundles of information; repeated
naming of the topic as the beginning focus of the clause.
Keterangan:
 General nouns, maksudnya adalah, suatu benda (baik itu hidup atau mati) yang
bersifat umum. Coba bandingkan : Hunting dogs >< My dog. Hunting dogs bersifat
umum; sedangkan my dog bersifat khusus. 
 Relating verbs, dalam grammar disebut juga dengan linking verbs. Seperti to be [is,
am, are: present], seem, look, taste dan lain sebagainya. 
 Timeless present tense adalah salah satu penanda waktu dalam simple
present seperti "often, usually, always" dan lain-lain. 
 Technical terms, maksudnya adalah istilah-istilah yang meliputi teks report
tersebut. Misalnya tentang "music" maka, istilah-istilah musik harus ada.

Contoh Report Text

SEEDS

A seed is a little plant. It is a plant that has not started to grow. There are many different
types of seeds: tree seeds, flower seeds, and grass seeds. They vary in size from the small to
the large one. All seeds have three parts: a food store, a baby plant or an embryo, and a
seed coat. Seeds are produced from flowers of plants. They are carried by the wind, by
insect, by water, by birds, by animals and humans. Some seeds, such as beans, grow very
fast; but others are slow growing, like the oak seed.

A SHARK

A shark is a type fish that lives in the sea. It is one of the largest sea creatures. There are
over 350 species. A shark is shaped like a torpedo. It has tough skin like sandpaper. Instead
of bones it has elastic cartilage which helps them to move easily. It can grow up to 8 meters.
Sharks are found in all oceans the world. The type of shark found will depend on the
water's temperature. A shark has to keep moving because it needs to breathe through its
gills to keep alive. When sharks are hungry, they look for food. Different sharks eat
different food. Harmless sharks eat plankton but harmful sharks eat meat. Sharks have up
to forty two babies (which are called pups) at a time. When the pups are born, they leave
straight away because the mother shark does not have teats. Some sharks have their pups
in different ways, some lay eggs while others have them alive. When they are born, they
need to defend themselves because they have no help them. General Statement: A shark is a
type of fish that lives in the sea. It is one of the largest sea creatures Description
(appereance, habitat, behaviour, breeding): Shark are found in all oceans around the world.
The type of shark found will depend on the water's temperature. A shark has to keep
moving when it is asleep because it will either sink or suffocate. It has to keep moving
because it needs to breathe its gills to keep alive.

TASK

Analyze the language features (General nouns, Relating verbs, present tense, Technical
terms) of these two examples of report text given above!