TOPIC 1

ENGLISH STRUCTURE

1B – ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE

Dalam Bahasa Indonesia dikenal kalimat aktif (subyek melakukan sesuatu) dan kalimat pasif (subyek dikenai suatu pekerjaan). Hal yang sama berlaku
dalam Bahasa Inggris. Pola sederhana mengubah kalimat aktif menjadi kalimat pasif pada beberapa tenses penting, waktu kejadian, dan verb (regular dan
irregular) disediakan pada Tabel 1. Ketika mengubah kalimat aktif menjadi pasif, perhatikan tipe Obyek/Object pada kalimat aktif (TUNGGAL/SINGULAR ataukah
JAMAK/PLURAL). Mengapa? Karena tipe Object pada kalimat aktif menentukan to be (SINGULAR atau PLURAL) yang akan digunakan pada kalimat pasif. Saat
membaca materi ini, ingat kembali materi tenses (1A) dan regular/irregular verb yang dipelajari di SD/SMP/SMU/SMK.

Tabel 1. Pola sederhana mengubah kalimat aktif menjadi pasif dan sebaliknya dalam Bahasa Inggris

Tenses Active voice Active sentence (kalimat aktif)
SIMPLE PAST Verb 2 (reg.) Subject + Verb 2 (reg.) + Object (sing.) + …
(kejadian told The director told Siko to learn seriously.
masa lalu)
(Sang direktur mengatakan pada Siko untuk
serius belajar.)
➔ Siko adalah Object (singular)
Subject + Verb 2 (reg.) + Object (plu.) + …
The director told us funny stories last night.
(Sang direktur menceritakan cerita-cerita
lucu pada kami tadi malam.)
➔ us adalah Object (plural)
➔ funny stories adalah Object (plural)
Passive voice Passive sentence (kalimat pasif)
To be (sing.) + Verb 3 Object (sing.) + to be (sing.) + Verb 3 + …
was + told Siko was told by the director to learn seriously.
(Siko diminta sang direktur untuk serius belajar.)
Siko was told to learn seriously.
(Siko diminta untuk serius belajar.)
To be (plu.) + Verb 3 Object (plu.) + to be (plu.) + Verb 3 + …
were + told We were told funny stories by the director last night.
(Kami diceritakan cerita-cerita lucu oleh sang
direktur tadi malam.)
Funny stories were told by the director last night.
(Kisah-kisah lucu diceritakan direktur tadi malam.)

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Tenses Active voice Active sentence Passive voice Passive sentence
Verb 2 (irrg.) Subject + Verb 2 (irreg.) + Object (sing.) + … To be (sing.) + Verb 3 Object (sing.) + to be (sing.) + Verb 3 + …
hid Briston hid the money in his shoe. was + hidden The money was hidden by Briston in his shoe.
(Briston menyembunyikan uang tersebut di (Uang tersebut disembunyikan Briston di
sepatunya.) sepatunya.)
➔ the money adalah Object (singular)
Subject + Verb 2 (irreg.) + Object (plu.) + … To be (plu.) + Verb 3 Object (plu.) + to be (plu.) + Verb 3 + …
Briston hid the foods in his bag. were + hidden The foods were hidden by Briston in his bag.
(Briston menyembunyikan makanan- (Makanan-makanan itu disembunyikan Briston di
makanan itu di dalam tasnya.) dalam tasnya.)
➔ the foods adalah Object (plural)

SIMPLE Verb 1 (reg.) Subject + Verb 1 + Object (sing.) + … To be (sing.) + Verb 3 Object (sing.) + to be (sing.) + Verb 3 + …
PRESENT
creates The engineer creates a new car design every is + created A new car design is created by the engineer every
(kejadian month. month.
rutin dan OR
fakta) (Insinyur tersebut menciptakan sebuah (Sebuah desain mobil baru diciptakan insinyur
create desain mobil baru setiap bulan.) tersebut setiap bulan.)
➔ a new car design adalah Object
(singular)
The engineers create a new car design every A new car design is created by the engineers every
month. month.
(Para insinyur tersebut menciptakan sebuah (Sebuah desain mobil baru diciptakan para insinyur
desain mobil baru setiap bulan.) tersebut setiap bulan.)

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Tenses Active voice Active sentence
Subject + Verb 1 + Object (plu.) + …
creates The engineer creates new car designs every
year.
OR
(Insinyur tersebut menciptakan desain-
create desain mobil baru setiap tahun.)
➔ new car designs adalah Object
(plural)
The engineers create new car designs every
year.
(Para insinyur tersebut menciptakan desain-
desain mobil baru setiap tahun.)
Verb 1 (irrg.) Subject + Verb 1 + Object (sing.) + …
throws The bad teacher often throws an eraser
when he is upset.
OR
(Guru yang buruk itu sering melempar
throw sebuah penghapus saat dia marah.)
➔ an eraser adalah Object (singular)
Bad teachers often throw an eraser when
they are upset.
(Guru-guru yang buruk sering melempar
sebuah penghapus saat marah.)
Passive voice Passive sentence
To be (plu.) + Verb 3 Object (plu.) + to be (plu.) + Verb 3 + …
are + created New car designs are created by the engineer every
year.
(Desain-desain mobil baru diciptakan insinyur
tersebut setiap tahun.)
New car designs are created every year.
(Desain-desain mobil baru diciptakan setiap tahun.)
New car designs are created by the engineers every
year.
(Desain-desain mobil baru diciptakan para insinyur
tersebut setiap tahun.)
To be (sing.) + Verb 3 Object (sing.) + to be (sing.) + Verb 3 + …
is + thrown An eraser is often thrown by the bad teacher when
he is upset.
(Sebuah penghapus sering dilempar oleh guru yang
buruk itu saat dia marah.)
An eraser is often thrown by bad teachers when they
are upset.
(Sebuah penghapus sering dilempar guru-guru yang
buruk saat marah.)
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Tenses Active voice Active sentence Passive voice Passive sentence
Verb 1 (irrg.) Subject + Verb 1 + Object (plu.) + … To be (plu.) + Verb 3 Object (plu.) + to be (plu.) + Verb 3 + …
throws The bad teacher throws papers when he is are + thrown Papers are thrown by the bad teacher when he is
upset. upset.
OR
(Guru yang buruk itu melempar kertas- (Kertas-kertas dilempar oleh guru yang buruk itu
throw kertas setiap kali dia marah.) setiap kali dia marah.)
➔ papers adalah Object (plural)
Bad teachers throw papers when they are Papers are thrown by bad teachers when they are
upset. upset.
(Guru-guru yang buruk melempar kertas- (Kertas-kertas dilempar oleh para guru yang buruk
kertas saat marah.) saat marah.)
SIMPLE Will/would + Subject + will + Verb 1 + Object (sing./plu.) + Will/would + be + Verb Object (sing./plu.) + will + be + Verb 3 + …
FUTURE Verb 1 (reg. … 3
/ irrg.)
(kejadian
masa depan) will + deliver I will deliver the gift to Semarang later. will + be + delivered The gift will be delivered to Semarang later by me.
(Saya akan mengantarkan hadiah tersebut (Hadiah itu akan diantar saya ke Semarang nanti.)
ke Semarang nanti.)
➔ the gift adalah Object (singular)
will + give My parents will give gifts to orphans later. will + be + given Gifts will be given by my parents to orphans later.
(Orang tuaku akan memberikan hadiah (Hadiah akan diberikan oleh orang tuaku pada anak
pada anak yatim piatu nanti.) yatim piatu nanti.)
➔ gifts adalah Object (plural) Orphans will be given gifts by my parents later.
➔ orphans adalah Object (plural) (Anak yatim piatu akan diberikan hadiah oleh orang
tuaku nanti.)

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Tenses Active voice Active sentence Passive voice Passive sentence
PAST To be + Verb Subject + to be + V1-ing + Object (sing.) + … To be (sing.) + being + Object (sing.) + to be (sing.) + being + Verb 3 + …
CONTINUOUS 1-ing (reg.) Verb 3
(kejadian was + Grace was cooking soup when I came. was + being + cooked Soup was being cooked by Grace when I came.
masa lalu cooking
yang masih (Grace sedang memasak sup ketika saya (Sup sedang dimasak Grace ketika saya datang.)
terjadi saat OR datang.)
kejadian lain were + ➔ soup adalah Object (singular)
terjadi) cooking
Jojo and Mimi were cooking soup when I Soup was being cooked by Jojo and Mimi when I
came. came.
(Jojo dan Mimi sedang memasak sup ketika (Sup sedang dimasak Jojo dan Mimi ketika saya
saya datang.) datang.)

Subject + to be + V1-ing + Object (plu.) + …
Grace was cooking fried rice and omelet
when I came.
(Grace sedang memasak nasi goreng dan
telur dadar ketika saya datang.)
➔ fried rice and omelet adalah Object
(plural)
Jojo and Mimi were cooking fried rice and
omelet when I came.
(Jojo dan Mimi sedang memasak nasi
goreng dan telur dadar ketika saya datang.)
To be (plu.) + being + Object (plu.) + to be (plu.) + being + Verb 3 + …
Verb 3
were + being + cooked Fried rice and omelet were being cooked by Grace
when I came.
(Nasi goreng dan telur dadar sedang dimasak Grace
ketika saya datang.)
Fried rice and omelet were being cooked by Jojo and
Mimi when I came.
(Nasi goreng dan telur dadar sedang dimasak Jojo
dan Mimi ketika saya datang.)

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Tenses Active voice Active sentence Passive voice Passive sentence
To be + Verb Subject + to be + V1-ing + Object (sing.) + … To be (sing.) + being + Object (sing.) + to be (sing.) + being + Verb 3 + …
1-ing (irrg.) Verb 3
was + The teacher was throwing a big table when was + being + thrown A big table was being thrown by the teacher when
throwing Didi came. Didi came.
OR (Guru itu sedang melempar sebuah meja (Sebuah meja besar sedang dilempar oleh guru itu
besar ketika Didi datang.) ketika Didi datang.)
were +
throwing ➔ a big table adalah Object (singular)
Deni and Yulius were throwing a big table A big table was being thrown by Deni and Yulius
when Didi came. when Didi came.
(Deni dan Yulius sedang melempar sebuah (Sebuah meja besar sedang dilempar oleh Deni dan
meja besar ketika Didi datang.) Yulius ketika Didi datang.)

Subject + to be + V1-ing + Object (plu.) + … To be (plu.) + being + Object (plu.) + to be (plu.) + being + Verb 3 + …
Verb 3
The teacher was throwing papers when Didi were + being + thrown Papers were being thrown by the teacher when Didi
came. came.
(Guru itu sedang melempar kertas-kertas (Kertas-kertas sedang dilempar oleh guru itu ketika
ketika Didi datang.) Didi datang.)
➔ papers adalah Object (plu.)
Deni and Yulius were throwing papers when Papers were being thrown by Deni and Yulius when
Didi came. Didi came.
(Deni dan Yulius sedang melempar kertas- (Kertas-kertas sedang dilempar oleh Deni dan Yulius
kertas ketika Didi datang.) ketika Didi datang.)

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Tenses Active voice Active sentence Passive voice Passive sentence
PRESENT To be + Verb Subject + to be + V1-ing + Object (sing.) + … To be (sing.) + being + Object (sing.) + to be (sing.) + being + Verb 3 + …
CONTINUOUS 1-ing (reg.) Verb 3
(kejadian
yang masih is + The farmer is fertilizing a melon plant. is + being + fertilized A melon plant is being fertilized by the farmer.
terjadi saat fertilizing
(Petani itu sedang memupuk sebatang (Sebatang melon sedang dipupuk oleh petani itu.)
ini) OR melon).
are + ➔ a melon plant adalah Object
fertilizing (singular)
Farmers are fertilizing a paddy field. A paddy field is being fertilized by farmers.
(Para petani sedang memupuk sepetak (Sepetak sawah sedang dipupuk oleh para petani.)
sawah.)
➔ a paddy field adalah Object
(singular)
Subject + to be + V1-ing + Object (plu.) + … To be (plu.) + being + Object (plu.) + to be (plu.) + being + Verb 3 + …
Verb 3
The farmer is fertilizing melon plants. are + being + fertilized Melon plants are being fertilized by the farmer.
(Petani itu sedang memupuk tanaman- (Tanaman-tanaman melon sedang dipupuk oleh
tanaman melon). petani itu.)
➔ melon plants adalah Object (plural)
Farmers are fertilizing paddy fields at this Paddy fields are being fertilized by farmers at this
moment. moment.
(Para petani sedang memupuk sawah- (Sawah-sawah sedang dipupuk oleh para petani saat
sawah saat ini.) ini.)
➔ paddy fields adalah Object (plural)

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Tenses Active voice Active sentence Passive voice Passive sentence
To be + Verb Subject + to be + V1-ing + Object (sing.) + … To be (sing.) + being + Object (sing.) + to be (sing.) + being + Verb 3 + …
1-ing (irrg.) Verb 3
is + shaking Celine is shaking a bottle of milkshake. is + being + shaken A bottle of milkshake is being shaken by Celine.
OR (Celine sedang mengocok sebotol (Sebotol milkshake sedang dikocok oleh Celine.)
milkshake.)
are +
shaking ➔ a bottle of milkshake adalah Object
(singular)
Celine and Okta are shaking a bottle of A bottle of milkshake is being shaken by Celine and
milkshake. Okta.
(Celine dan Okta sedang mengocok sebotol (Sebotol milkshake sedang dikocok oleh Celine dan
milkshake.) Okta.)

Subject + to be + V1-ing + Object (plu.) + … To be (plu.) + being + Object (plu.) + to be (plu.) + being + Verb 3 + …
Verb 3
Celine is shaking two bottles of milkshakes. are + being + shaken Two bottles of milkshakes are being shaken by
Celine.
(Celine sedang mengocok dua botol
milkshake.) (Dua botol milkshake sedang dikocok oleh Celine.)
➔ two bottles of milkshakes adalah
Object (plural)
Celine and Okta are shaking two bottles of Two bottles of milkshakes are being shaken by Celine
milkshakes. and Okta.
(Celine dan Okta sedang mengocok dua (Dua botol milkshake sedang dikocok oleh Celine
botol milkshake.) and Okta.)

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Individual practice

Tanpa melihat contoh di atas, tuliskanlah contoh-contoh kalimat aktif dan pasif baru menggunakan pola-pola yang sudah diberikan. Tuliskan juga
terjemahannya. Isikan pada kotak yang diberi warna abu-abu. Isikan minimal 2 kalimat untuk tiap kotak. Sebaiknya jangan menggunakan verb yang sudah terlalu
umum (eat, drink, study, walk, go, sleep, cry, watch, drive, etc.).

Tenses Active sentence Passive sentence

SIMPLE PAST
(kejadian
masa lalu)

SIMPLE
PRESENT
(kejadian
rutin dan
fakta)

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Tenses Active sentence Passive sentence
SIMPLE
FUTURE
(kejadian
masa depan)

PAST
CONTINUOUS
(kejadian
masa lalu
yang masih
terjadi saat
kejadian lain
terjadi)

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Tenses Active sentence Passive sentence
PRESENT
CONTINUOUS
(kejadian
yang masih
terjadi saat
ini)

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