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berikan, dan kerjakan latihan yang ada. (Heryatman,MM – TOEFLINDONESIA.COM)

GRAMMAR SECTION OF TOEFL ONLINE COURSE :

14. PENGGUNAAN “BEFORE” DAN “AFTER”

Dalam Past Tense, kata “before” dan “after” sering digunakan, dan memiliki
aturan tersendiri.

PENGGUNAAN “BEFORE”
Jika saya buat kalimat sbb : ”A before B”, mana yang duluan dilakukan : A
atau B ? Bagi anda yang ragu jawabannya, coba saya ganti A dan B dengan
kalimat sbb : ”I eat before I sleep” (saya makan sebelum saya tidur).
Sekarang mana yang duluan ? ”I eat” atau ”I sleep”? Sekarang jawabannya
lebih jelas ya. ”I eat” lebih dulu dibanding ”I sleep”. Jadi kalau ”A before B”,
maka A lebih dulu dibanding B.

Jadi, dalam bahasa Inggris, A harus dalam bentuk : Past Perfect Tense,
sedangkan B dalam bentuk Simple past, sbb :

Pattern :
Past Perfect before Simple Past.
* S + had + Verb-3 + O before S + Verb-2, atau
* Before S + Verb-2, S + had + Verb-3 + O

For Example :

Kalimat 1 : I buy a new laptop

Kalimat 2 : I receive my salary.
Jika kedua kalimat itu digabung memakai kata “before”, menjadi :
“I had bought a new laptop before I received my salary.”
(Saya telah membeli laptop baru sebelum saya menerima gaji).
Or : “Before I received my salary, I had bought a new laptop.”

Kalimat 1 : They watch the movie

Kalimat 2 : They arrive home
Jika kedua kalimat itu digabung memakai kata “before”, menjadi :
“They had watched the movie before they arrived home.”
Or: “Before they arrived home, they had watched the movie.”

Kalimat 1 : Rina is sick

Kalimat 2 : She goes to Jakarta
Jika kedua kalimat itu digabung memakai kata “before”, menjadi :
“Rina had been sick before she went to Jakarta.”
Or : “Before she went to Jakarta, Rina had been sick.”

(Note : gunakan ‘had been’ pada Past Perfect jika tidak menggunakan verb)

PENGGUNAAN : “VERB-ING + OBJECT” SEBAGAI PENGGANTI “SIMPLE PAST”

Kita juga dapat menggunakan “Verb-ing + object” sebagai pengganti simple

past, dengan catatan, subject kedua kalimat itu sama.

For example :
Cara 1 : I had bought a new laptop before I received my salary.
Atau : Before I received my salary, I had bought a new laptop.
Cara 2 : I had bought a new laptop before receiving my salary.
atau : before receiving my salary, I had bought a new laptop.

Cara 1 : They had watched the movie before they arrived home.
Cara 2 : They had watched the movie before arriving home.
atau : Before arriving home, they had watched the movie.

PENGGUNAAN ”AFTER” (Setelah).

Sebagaimana arti ”After” yang merupakan kebalikan daripada ”before”, maka
rumusnya merupakan kebalikan rumus ”before” sbb :

Pattern :
Simple Past after Past Perfect
* S + Verb-2 after S + had + Verb-3 + O, atau
* After S + had + Verb-3 + O, S + Verb-2.

For Example :
Kalimat 1 : She takes her medicine
Kalimat 2 : She eats rice
Jika kedua kalimat itu digabung memakai kata “before”, menjadi :
“She took her medicine after she had eaten rice.”
Or : “After she had eaten rice, she took her medicine.”
Kalimat 1 : Mr. Edward wins a new car.
Kalimat 2 : He follows the competition.
Jika kedua kalimat itu digabung memakai kata “after”, menjadi :
“Mr. Edward won a new car after he had followed the competition.”
or : “After he had followed the competition, Mr. Edward won a new
car.”

CONTOH TOEFL TEST :

Nancy said that she went to the supermarket before coming home.
.................A...........B ...C ...............................D

Jawaban :
Sesuai dengan rumus : Past Perfect before simple past / V-ing + Object,
maka kalimat yang seharusnya adalah : Nancy said that she had gone to
the supermarket before coming home.
Correct answer : B.

Exercises :
Gabungkan pasangan kalimat-kalimat berikut dengan menggunakan “before”
dan “after”.

Contoh :
- Rina drives a motorcycle.
- She drives a car.
Answer :
1.Rina had driven a motorcycle before she drove a car.
2.Rina had driven a motorcycle before driving a car.
3.She drove a car after Rina had driven a motorcycle.

a. – They play football

- They have lunch

b. – My mother goes to Jakarta

- My father arrives home.

c. – Some students fight on the street

- The police come

d. – The man steal a computer

- The police arrests him.

Best Regards,
 Heryatman, MM
www.toeflindonesia.com.

Answer key :

a. – They play football

- They have lunch
1. They had played football before they had lunch.
2. They had played football before having lunch.
3. They had lunch after they had played football.

b. – My mother goes to Jakarta

- My father arrives home.
1. My mother had gone to Jakarta before my father arrived.
2. My father arrived after my mother had gone to Jakarta
3. Disini Verb-ing + object tidak bisa digunakan, karena subjek kedua kalimat
diatas berbeda.

c. – Some students fight on the street.

- The police come.
1. Some students had fought on the street before the police came.
2. The police came after some students had fought on the street.
3. Disini Verb-ing + object tidak bisa digunakan, karena subjek kedua kalimat
diatas berbeda.

d. – The man steal a computer

- The police arrests him.
1. The man had stolen a computer before the police arrested him.
2. The police arrested him after the man had stolen a computer.
3. Disini Verb-ing + object tidak bisa digunakan, karena subjek kedua kalimat
diatas berbeda.