Mata Pelajaran : Kimia Nama :

Kelas/Semester : XII/Genap
Materi Pokok    : Struktur dan Tatanama Senyawa
Haloalkana
Hari/Tanggal :

A. Materi
Haloalkana adalah senyawa turunan alkana dimana satu atau lebih atom H digantikan
oleh atom halogen (F-Cl-Br-I). Dalam hal ini, haloalkana dianggap sebagai turunan alkana
dengan atom halogen sebagai gugus pengganti. Nama halogen ditulis sebagai gugus
pengganti. Nama halogen ditulis sebagai awalan dengan sebutan bromo, kloro, flouro, dan
iodo. Aturan penamaan haloalkana sebagai berikut.
 Jika terdapat lebih dari sejenis halogen, maka prioritas penomoran didasarkan pada
kereaktifan halogen, yaitu dalam urutan F-Cl-Br-I. Akan tetapi, penulisan nama tetap
berdasarkan abjad. Jadi, urutan penulisan halogen adalah bromo, kloro (chloro),
flouro, dan iodo.
Contoh : CH3-CHCl-CHF-CH3 3-kloro-2-fluorobutana
 Jika terdapat rantai samping (cabang alkil), maka halogen didahulukan.
Contoh:
CH3

CH3-CH2-CH-CH-CHCl-CH3 2-kloro-4-etil-3-metilheksana

CH3
CH2-CH2 1,2-dikloroetana

Cl Cl

CH2Cl-CH2F 2-kloro-1fluoroetana

CH2Br-CH-CHCl-CHF2 4-bromo-2-kloro-1,1-difluoro-3-metilbutana

CH3
Monohaloalkana sederhana mempunyai nama lazim, yaitu alkil halida. Monohaloalkana
itu dianggap sebagai turunan hidrogen halida (HX) yang atom H-nya diganti oleh gugus alkil.
Contoh:
 1. CH3-Clmetil klorida
2. CH3-CHBr-CH3 isopropil klorida

B. Latihan
1. Tulislah nama senyawa haloalkana berikut sesuai aturan IUPAC:
a. CH3-CH2-CH-CH3
Cl
Penyelesaian:.........................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................
b. CH3-CH-CH-CH-CH3
Br Cl CH3
Penyelesaian:.........................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................
c. Cl
CH3-C-CH2Cl
Br
Penyelesaian:.........................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................
d. CH3-CH-CH-CH-CH-CH3
Cl Br Br C2H5
Penyelesaian:.........................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................
2. Berikut adalah beberapa senyawa haloalkana yang digunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-
hari atau industri dengan nama dagangnya:
a. Halotan, CF3CHClBr (anestetik)
 b. Halon, CF2BrCl (pemadam api)
c. Freon-11, CCl3F (refrigerant)
Tulislah nama sistematis (IUPAC) senyawa-senyawa tersebut.
Penyelesaian:
a:............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
.......................................................
b:............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
......................................................
c:............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................
......................................................
3. Lengkapilah tabel di bawah ini.

No Struktur senyawa Nama IUPAC

1 Cl
CH3-C-CH-CH3 ...............................................................
Br Cl ................................................................
................................................................
2 3,4-dibromo-2-kloro-5-metilheksana
...............................................................
................................................................
................................................................
3 H2C I
H2 H ...............................................................
H3C C C C CH3
H
................................................................
CH2
................................................................

H2C Cl
4 1,2,3-trikloro-2-metilpropana
...............................................................
................................................................
 ................................................................

5 CH3
CH3 CH-CH3 ...............................................................
CH3-CH2-C-CH2-CH-CH2-CH2-C-CH3 ................................................................
Br Cl ................................................................