HQARNFLA_ P_C RH_NLNLI PA_HAMOCLICL

PCJC CLCH QRNC :4 OQKCL

Fkad 7

Hakfmpfh 5

3. Ceknclc Rncli (343100030?)

?. Jaooy Jcycltn (3431200:0?)

( 3431200:0?)

2. Entrnycln (343500330?)

:. Rnkvnc _nshc Cmcknc Ecrcjnoc (343920?:0?0)

1. Zncrc Javn ^cltn (39??20::0?)

( 39??20::0?)

JNNN HAONJCLCL

NLRZNZQZ ZAHLFKFIN HARADCZCL & RCNLR YN^CZC DQRCJC

RCMC_NLJC ?0?0
 JCEZC_ NRN

HCZC PALICLZC_ ..............................................................

....................................................................................
..........................................
.................... n

JCEZC_ NRN ............................................

..................................................................
............................................
............................................
...............................
......... nn

OCO N PALJCDQKQCL

C. Kctcr Oakchcli..........................................
Oakchcli................................................................
............................................
............................................1
......................1

O. _umuscl Mcsckcd................................................
Mcsckcd......................................................................
............................................
.................................4
...........4

B. Zugucl..............
Zugucl....................................
............................................
............................................
............................................
.........................................4
...................4

J. Mclecct...................
Mclecct............................................
...............................................
............................................
............................................
......................4
4

Oco NN ZNLGCQCL PQRZCHC

C. Clch Qsnc Prcsahfkcd...............................................

Prcsahfkcd......................................................................
.............................................
...........................30
.....30

O. Bnrn Clch Prcsahfkcd.............................................

Prcsahfkcd...................................................................
.............................................
..............................30
.......30

B. Partumoudcl...........
Partumoudcl.................................
............................................
............................................
.............................................
................................33
.........33

J. Parhamoclicl.........
Parhamoclicl..................................
...............................................
............................................
..............................................
..............................3?
......3?

A. Bnrn-Bnrn jcl Prnlsnp Zumoud Hamocli.....................................................

Hamocli....................................................................3?
...............3?

E. Echtfr ycli Mampalicrudn Zumoud Hamocli Clch...........................................

Clch..............................................3:
...3:
I. Palnkcncl Partumoudcl Ensnh Clch........................................
Clch..............................................................
....................................31
..............31

D. Cspah-Cspah Parhamoclicl Clch............................................

Clch..................................................................
..............................39
........39

N. Jatahsn Palynmpclicl Parhamoclicl Clch..........................................

Clch..........................................................34
................34

G. HPRP (Huasnflar Prc Rhrnlnli Parhamoclicl)....................................................

Parhamoclicl)......................................................34
..34

OCO NNN DCRNK JCL PAMOCDCRCL

C. Dcsnk.......................
Dcsnk.............................................
............................................
............................................
.............................................
...............................3>
........3>
 O. Pamocdcscl...............
Pamocdcscl........................................
...............................................
..............................................
..........................................?3
..................?3

OCO NU PALQZQP

C. Hasnmpukcl.................
Hasnmpukcl.......................................
............................................
.............................................
...........................................?
....................?2
2

O. Rcrcl..................
Rcrcl...........................................
...............................................
.............................................
.............................................
............................?2
......?2

JCEZC_ PQRZCHC
 HCZC PALICLZC_

Pugn syuhur hadcjnrct CKKCD RYZ. ^cli mclc oarhct rcdmctlyc hcmn jcpct

malyusul mchckcd nln jalicl kclbcr.

Mchckcd nln marupchcl mchckcd taltcli ‛ Huasnflar Prc Rhrnlnli Parhamoclicl . ”

Palukns malycjcrn ocdwc mchckcd nln mcsnd gcud jcrn hasampurlclcl jcl oclych

hahurclicllyc, ultuh ntu hcmn malidcrcphcl hrntnh sartc scrcl ycli oarsnect mamocliul

iulc hasampurlccl mchckcd nln. Chdnrlyc mchckcd nln jcpct mamoarnhcl pamnhnrcl sartc

hakclbcrcl tuics hcmn sakclgutlyc jcl jcpct oariulc ocin samuc pndch Cmnl.

Rcmcrnljc, ?0 Eaorucrn ?0?0

Palukns
 OCO N

PALJCDQKQCL

C. Kctcr Oakchcli

Clch marupchcl ialarcsn palarus suctu oclisc, jalicl jamnhncl jnoutudhcl

clch jalicl huckntcs ycli ocnh ultuh malbcpcn mcsc japcl ycli ocnh. Qltuh

maljcpcthcl huckntcs clch ycli ocnh dcrus jnpcstnhcl ocdwc tumoud jcl

hamoclilyc oargckcl jalicl ocnh guic (Mfarsnltfwctn, ?000).

Parhamoclicl clch marupchcl mcturcsn fricl tuoud tarutcmc snstam scrce

pusct. Zcdcpcl ycli tarpaltnli cjckcd pcjc tnic tcdul partcmc, hcralc parhamoclicl

oarkclisuli sabcrc pasct jcl malaltuhcl mcsc japcl clch hakch (Lcraljrc,?00?).

Zumoud hamocli marupchcl juc parnstnwc ycli snectlyc oaroajc, tatcpn

scknli oarhcntcl jcl suknt jnpnscdhcl, ycntu partumoudcl jcl parhamoclicl

(Rfatgnlnlisnd, ?03?).

Cspah tumoud hamocli pcjc mcsc clch marupchcl suctu dck ycli sclict

paltnli, ycli sarnli jncocnhcl fkad talcic hasadctcl hdususlyc jn kcpclicl

(Lursckcm, ?001).

Mcsc usnc jnln cjckcd mcsc ycli sclict malaltuhcl ocin parhamoclicl jcl

partumoudcl clch sakclgutlyc hcralc marupchcl mcsc pahc jcl mcsc amcs jckcm

hadnjupcl clch. _altcli clch usnc jnln jcrn kcdnr scmpcn usnc alcm tcdul cjckcd usnc

hrntns sahcknius strctains ultuh malumoud hamoclihcl oarocicn hamcmpucl,

habarjcscl, hamcmpucl ensnh, hfilntne, ocdcsc, sfsnfamfsnflck jcl spnrntuck. Dck nln

malinsycrcthcl ocdwc samuc pndch parku mamcdcmn paltnlilyc mcsc usnc jnln

ultuh fptnmcknscsn partumoudcl jcl parhamoclicl (^cmnl & Rcorn, ?032).

 Hamaltarncl Hasadctcl _apuoknh Nljflasnc (?030) mamcpcrhcl jcrn 100

clch ycli jnkchuhcl paliuhurcl partumoudcl jcl parhamoclicl jnparfkad >9 clch

malickcmn icliiucl partumoudcl jcl parhamoclicl. Rabcrc lcsnflck pravckalsn

oarct hurcli pcjc tcdul ?030 cjckcd 39,>% ycli tarjnrn jcrn :,>% inzn ouruh jcl

32,0% inzn hurcli. Gnhc jnocljnlihcl jalicl clihc pravckalsn lcsnflck tcdul ?009

(34,:%) sujcd tarkndct cjc palurulcl.

Palurulcl tarutcmc targcjn pcjc pravckalsn inzn ouruh ycntu jcrn 1,:% tcdul

?009 malgcjn :,>% pcjc tcdul ?030 ctcu turul saoascr 0,1%, sajclihcl pravckalsn

inzn hurcli mcsnd tatcp saoascr 32,0%. Onkc jnocljnlihcl jalicl palbcpcncl scscrcl

Mnkkalnum Javakfpmalt Ifcks (MJI) tcdul ?031 ycntu 31,1% mchc pravckalsn oarct

hurcli sabcrc lcsnflck dcrus jnturulhcl mnlnmck saoascr ?,:% jckcm parnfja ?033

scmpcn ?031 jcl ultuh prfvnlsn Kcmpuli pravckalsn inzn ouruh malbcpcn 2,1% jcl

inzn hurcli 30,0% (Hamalhas _N, ?030). Makchuhcl jatahsn jnln palynmpclicl

tumoud hamocli crtnlyc makchuhcl sbraalnli ctcu maljatahsn sabcrc jnln cjclyc

palynmpclicl tumoud hamocli clch tarmcsuh malnljch kclgutn satncp hakudcl

frcli tuc tardcjcp mcsckcd tumoud hamocli clchlyc (Japhas _N, ?005).

O. _umuscl Mcsckcd

3. Ocicnmclc maliatcdun tumoud hamocli clch6

?. Ocicnmclc maiatcdun hakcnclcl parhamoclicl clch jcl dck-dck kcnl ycli

marupchcl rasnhf targcjnlyc hakcnlcl parhamoclicl6

2. Ocicnmclc maliatcdun mcsckcd parhamoclicl ycli jcpct mamarkuhcl

palifoctcl ctcu hflsaknli ialatnh6

ialatnh6
B. Zugucl

3. Zugucl Qmum

 Malgakcshcl taltcli palihcgncl parhamoclicl clch

?. Zugucl hdusus

 Cicr mcdcsnswc/n mcmpu maiatcdun hakcnclcl parhamoclicl clch jcl

dck-dck kcnl ycli marupchcl rasnhf targcjnlyc hakcnlcl parhamoclicl.

 Mcmpu maliatcdun mcsckcd parhamoclicl ycli mamarkuhcl palifoctcl

ctcu hflsaknli ialatnh.

J. Mclecct

3. Mclecct ocin palukns

 Maljcpcthcl palickcmcl kclisuli jckcm maralbclchcl palakntncl,

makchsclchcl palakntncl jcl malyusul dcsnk palakntncl malialcn

Huasnflar Prc Rhrnlnli Parhamoclicl pcjc clch usnc :4 Oukcl

 Maliatcdun hasatcrccl dcsnk jcrn Huasnflar Prc Rhrnlnli Parhamoclicl

pcjc clch usnc :4 Oukcl

?. Mclecct ocin palakntn sakclgutlyc

 Palakntncl nln jcpct malgcjn scrclc ocin palakntn ultuh malarcphcl nkmu

paliatcducl ycli takcd jnparfkad jcl malgcjn jcscr ocin palakntncl

sakclgutlyc
 OCO NN

ZNLGCQCL PQRZCHC

C. Clch Qsnc Prcsahfkcd

Clch usnc prcsahfkcd cjckcd clch ycli oarusnc 2 ‒5 tcdul (Yfli, ?00>).

Clch usnc prcsahfkcd nln malulguhhcl parhamoclicl mftfrnh, varock jcl

hatarcmpnkcl sfsnck sabcrc prfirasne. Pcjc clch usnc prsahfkcd, partumoudcl

oarkclisuli sabcrc stconk, targcjn parhamoclicl jalicl chtnvntcs gcsmcln ycli

oartcmocd jcl malnlihctlyc hatarcmpnkcl jcl prfsas oarenhnr (Lcraljrc, ?00?).

O. Bnrn Clch Prcsahfkcd

Jnhutnp jcrn Pctmflfjawf (?002) maliamuhchcl bnrn clch prcsahfkcd maknputn

cspah ensnh, sfsnck, amfsn jcl hfilntne clch.

3. Bnrn Ensnh

Palcmpnkcl prcsahfkcd mujcd jnoajchcl jalicl clch ycli oarcjc jckcm

tcdcpcl saoakumlyc.

f Clch prcsahfkcd umumlyc sclict chtne. Marahc takcd mamnknhn

paliucsccl (hfltrfk) tardcjcp tuoudlyc jcl sclict malyuhcn hainctcl

ycli jnkchuhcl saljnrn.

f Yckcupul clch kchn‒kchn kaond oascr, lcmul clch parampucl kaond

tarcmpnk jckcm tuics ycli oarsnect prchtns, hdususlyc jckcm tuics mftfrnh

dckus.

?. Bnrn Rfsnck

Clch prcsahfkcd oncsclyc mujcd oarsfsncknscsn jalicl frcli jnsahntcrlyc.

Qmumlyc clch pcjc tcdcpcl nln mamnknhn sctu ctcu juc scdcoct ycli bapct
 oaricltn. Marahc umumlyc jcpct bapct malyasucnhcl jnrn sabcrc sfsnck, marahc

mcu oarmcnl jalicl tamcl. Rcdcoct ycli jnpnknd oncsclyc ycli scmc galns

hakcmnllyc, tatcpn hamujncl oarhamocli malgcjn scdcoct ycli tarjnrn jcrn galns

hakcmnl ycli oaroajc.

2. Bnrn Amfsnflck

Clch prcsahfkcd baljaruli maliahsprasnhcl amfsnlyc jalicl oaocs jcl

tarouhc, snhcp mcrcd, nrn dctn pcjc clch prcsahfkcd sarnli targcjn, marahc sarnli

hckn mamparaouthcl pardctncl iuru ctcu frcli sahntcr.

:. Bnrn Hfilntne

Clch prcsahfkcd umumlyc sujcd tarcmpnk oarocdcsc, saocincl oascr jcrn

marahc salcli oaronbcrc, hdususlyc pcjc hakfmpfhlyc. Raocknhlyc clch jnoarn

hasampctcl ultuh malgcjn paljalicr ycli ocnh.

B. Partumoudcl

Partumoudcl (irfwtd) oarhcntcl jalicl mcsckcd paruocdcl jckcm oascr,

gumkcd uhurcl ctcu jnmalsn tnlihct sak, fricl mcupul nljnvnju, ycli onsc jnuhur

jalicl uhurcl oarct (ircm, pfulj, hnkfircm), uhurcl pclgcli (bm, matar), umur

tukcli jcl hasanmoclicl matcofknh (ratalsn hcksnum jcl lntrfial tuoud)

(Rfatgnlnlisnd, ?00?).

Partumoudcl cjckcd prfsas lfrmck jcrn pamoascrcl uhurcl friclnsma ycli

jnsaocohcl fkad cbbratnfl (partumoudcl) gcrnlicl

gcrnl icl tuoud (Cljarsfl, ?009).

J. Parhamoclicl

Nhctcl Jfhtar Clch Nljflasnc mamoarnhcl paliartncl parhamoclicl cjckcd

oartcmocdlyc hamcmpucl jcl struhtur ctcu eulisn tuoud ycli kaond hfmpkahs jckcm
 pfkc ycli tarctur, jcpct jnparhnrchcl jcl jnrcmckhcl saocicn dcsnk jcrn prfsas

jnearalsncsn sak, gcrnlicl tuoud, fricl-fricl kcnl jcl snstamlyc ycli tarfriclnscsn

(NJCN, ?00?).

Parhamoclicl clch cjckcd ycli targcjn pcjc jnrn clch ycli jnkndct jcrn

oarocicn cspah cltcrc kcnl cspah mftfrnh, amfsn, hfilntne jcl psnhfsfsnck

(Dcrknmsycd, ?009).

Paruocdcl psnhfsfsnck jcl ensnh saocicn dcsnk jcrn prfsas pamctclicl fkad

echtfr knlihulicl jcl mcsc oakcgcr jckcm mcsc wchtu tartaltu, malugu hajawcsccl

(Wanl, ?001).

A. Bnrn-bnrn jcl Prnlsnp Zumoud Hamocli

Parhamoclicl jcl partumoudcl malinhutn prnlsnp bapdckfbcujck jcl

prfxnmfjnstck. Prnlsnp bapdckfbcujck marupchcl rclihcncl jnmclc partumoudcl

ycli tarbapct sakcku targcjn jnctcs, ycntu jn hapckc. Partumoudcl ensnh jcl uhurcl

sabcrc oartcdcp oahargc jcrn ctcs haocwcd, parhamoclicl salsfrnh jcl mftfrnh guic

oarhamocli malurut prnlsnp nln, bfltfdlyc ocyn

ocyn oncsclyc maliiulchcl tuoud ocincl

ctcs saoakum marahc maliiulchcl tuoud ocincl ocwcdlyc (Rcltrfbh, ?033).

Prnlsnp prfxnmfjnstck (jcrn jckcm ha kucr) ycntu partumoudcl jcl

parhamoclicl oariarch jcrn tuoud ocincl jckcm ha kucr (Pcpcknc, ?030).

Malurut Pfttar & Clla (?00>) bnrn‒bnrn partumoudcl ycntu7

3. Partumoudcl chcl targcjn paruocdcl uhurcl jckcm dck oartcmocdlyc uhurcl

ensnh sapartn oarct ocjcl, tnliin ocjcl, knlihcr hapckc, knlihcr kalicl jcl

knlihcr jcjc.
 ?. Partumoudcl jcpct targcjn paruocdcl prfpfrsn ycli jcpct tarkndct pcjc

prfpfrsn ensnh ctcu fricl mclusnc ycli mulbuk mukcn jcrn mcsc hflsapsn

dnliic jawcsc.

2. Partumoudcl jcl parhamoclicl targcjn dnkclilyc bnrn-bnrn kcmc ycli cjc

sakcmc mcsc partumoudcl, sapartn dnkclilyc hakalgcr tnmus, kapcslyc inin

susu ctcu dnkclilyc raekahs tartaltu.

:. Partumoudcl tarjcpct bnrn ocru ycli sabcrc parkcdcl malinhutn prfsas

hamctclicl, sapartn cjclyc rcmout pcjc jcarcd chsnkc, puons ctcu jcjc.

Malurut Pfttar & Clla, (?00>) bnrn ‒bnrn parhamoclicl ycntu7

3. Parhamoclicl sakcku maknocthcl prfsas partumoudcl ycli jnnhutn jcrn paruocdcl

eulisn, sapartn parhamoclicl snstam raprfjuhsn chcl jnnhutn paruocdcl pcjc

eulisn ckct hakcmnl.

?. Parhamoclicl mamnknhn pfkc ycli hflstcl jalicl duhum tatcp, ycntu

parhamoclicl jcpct targcjn jcrn jcarcd hapckc malugu ha crcd hcujck ctcu jcrn

ocincl prfhsnmck ha ocincl jnstck.

2. Parhamoclicl mamnknhn tcdcpcl ycli oarurutcl mukcn jcrn hamcmpucl

makchuhcl dck ycli sajardclc malugu hamcmpucl makchuhcl dck ycli

sampurlc.

:. Parhamoclicl satncp nljnvnju mamnknhn habapctcl palbcpcncl parhamoclicl

ycli oaroajc.

1. Parhamoclicl jcpct malaltuhcl partumoudcl tcdcp sakclgutlyc, jn mclc

tcdcpcl parhamoclicl dcrus makawctn tcdcp jamn tcdcp.

E. Echtfr ycli Mampalicrudn Zumoud Hamocli Clch

Echtfr ycli oarpalicrud jnifkflihcl ha jckcm juc ifkflicl, ycntu nltarlck jcl

ahstarlck ctcu echtfr knlihulicl.

k nlihulicl.

3. Echtfr Nltarlck

Echtfr ialatnh marupchcl mfjck jcscr jckcm malbcpcn dcsnk chdnr prfsas

tumoud∟hamocli clch. Makckun nlstruhsn ialatnh ycli tarhcljuli jnjckcm sak

takur ycli takcd jnoucdn, jcpct jntaltuhcl huckntcs jcl hucltntcs partumoudcl.

Jntcljcn jalicl nltalsntcs jcl habapctcl pamoakcdcl, jarcgct salsntnvntcs

tardcjcp rclisclicl, umur puoartcs jcl oardaltnlyc partumoudcl tukcli.

Zarmcsuh echtfr ialatnh cjckcd echtfr ocwccl lfrmck ctcu pctfkfinh, galns

hakcmnl, suhu oclisc. Pftalsn ialatnh ycli oarmutu daljchlyc jcpct oarnltarchsn

jalicl knlihulicl sabcrc pfsntne sadnliic jnparfkad dcsnk chdnr ycli fptnmck

(Rfatgnlnlisnd, ?00?).

?. Echtfr Ahstarlck

Echtfr ahstarlck ctcu parclcl knlihulicl cjckcd echtfr pralctck nou ycli

tarmcsuh stctus inzn nou pcjc scct dcmnk. Zfhsnl ctcu foct-foctcl ycli onsc

malyaocohcl hakcnlcl hflialntck sapartn tdcknjfmnja. Pcpcrcl tardcjcp snlcr

rcjncsn sapartn T-rcy jcpct malichnocthcl hakcnlcl pcjc gclnl sapartn mnhrfsaeckn,

spnlc onenjc, ratcrjcsn maltck jcl jaefrmntcs cliiftc iarch, hakcnlcl hflialntck

mctc jcl gcltuli. Nou ycli malickcmn nleahsn pcjc trnmastar partcmc jcl hajuc

fkad ZF_BD (Zfhsfpkcsmc, _uoakkc, Rntfmaickf vnrus, Darpas snmpkahs) jcl

palychnt malukcr sahsuck jcpct malichnocthcl hakcnlcl pcjc gclnl sapartn

hctcrch, onsu, tukn, mnhrfsaeckn, ratcrjcsn maltck jcl hakcnlcl gcltuli hflialntck.

Gnhc nou mamnknhn ifkflicl jcrcd ycli oaroajc cltcrc jnrnlyc jcl gclnl mchc cjc

hamulihnlcl targcjn Arntrfokcstfsns eatckns (Zcluwnjgcyc, ?002).

 Echtfr ahstarlck ycli kcnllyc cjckcd echtfr pcsbc lctck, ycntu onkc inzn ycli

jnparkuhcl ocyn ultuh oartumoud jcl oarhamocli malbuhupn. Gnhc clch ctcu ocyn

malickcmn palychnt hrflns ctcu hakcnlcl hflialntck, sartc knlihulicl ensnh jcl

hnmnc. Psnhfkfins scli clch, bcrclyc oarduoulicl jcl oarnltarchsn jalicl frcli

sahntcrlyc. Rfsnf-ahflfmn hakucric scli clch, cpchcd haoutudcllyc tarpaludn,

sartc cpchcd nc tumoud pcjc knlihulicl ycli maljuhuli ctcu tnjch

(Zcluwnjgcyc, ?002).

I. Palnkcncl Partumoudcl Ensnh Clch

3. Jaenlnsn Paliuhurcl Cltrfpfmatrn

Hctc cltrfpfmatrn oarcsck jcrn ocdcsc kctnl cltrfpfs ycli oarcrtn

mclusnc (dumcl oanli). Radnliic cltrfpfmatrn jcpct jncrtnhcl saocicn

paliuhurcl pcjc tuoud

tuoud mclusnc (Rfahnrmcl, ?000).

Paliuhurcl cltrfpfmatrn marupchcl paliuhurcl nljnvnju jcrn uhurcl

tuoud sapartn tnliin ocjcl, oarct ocjcl, parsal kamch tuoud, jalsntcs tukcli

jcl knlihcr pnliicli ycli jcpct jniulchcl ultuh malnkcn stctus inzn (Orfwl,

?001).

Matfja cltrfpfmatrn malbchup paliuhurcl jcrn jnmalsn ensnh jcl

hfmpfsnsn lyctc jcrn tuoud. Paliuhurcl cltrfpfmatrn, hdususlyc oarmclecct

onkc cjc hatnjchsanmoclicl cltcrc prftanl jcl alarin. Jckcm oaoarcpc hcsus,

paliuhurcl cltrfpfmatrn jcpct maljatahsn mcklutrnsn tnlihct sajcli mcupul

oarct, lcmul matfja nln tnjch jcpct jniulchcl ultuh malinjaltnenhcsn stctus

hahurclicl (jaensnalsn) inzn tartaltu (Inosfl, ?001).

?. Qhurcl Cltrfpfmatrn
 Qhurcl-uhurcl tuoud (cltrfpfmatrn) marupchcl raekahsn jcrn palicrud

echtfr ialatnh jcl knlihulicl. Echtfr knlihulicl ycli oarhncntcl kclisuli

jalicl inzn cltcrc kcnl hflsumsn mchclcl jcl palychnt nleahsn, sajclihcl

tnjch cjc duoulicl kclisuli cltcrc kcnl hainctcl ensnh, pfkc parhamoclicl

tuoud malurut umur jcl galns hakcmnl (Rudcrjgf & _nycjn, ?004).

Qltuh malnkcn partumoudcl ensnh clch, sarnli jniulchcl uhurcl

cltrfpfmatrnh ycli jnoajchcl malgcjn juc hakfmpfh ycli maknputn7

c. Zaricltuli umur (cia japaljalba)

3. Oarct ocjcl (OO) tardcjcp umur

?. Znliin ctcu pclgcli ocjcl (ZO) tardcjcp umur

2. Knlihcr hapckc (KH) tardcjcp umur

:. Knlihcrcl kalicl ctcs (KKC) tardcjcp umur

(Rfatgnlnlisnd, ?00?).

Hasukntcl maliiulchcl bcrc nln cjckcd malatcphcl umur clch ycli

tapct, hcralc tnjch samuc clch mampulycn bctctcl malialcn tcliick kcdnrlyc

(Rfatgnlnlisnd, ?00?).

c. Znjch taricltuli umur

3. Oarct ocjcl (OO) tardcjcp tnliin ocjcl (ZO)

?. Knlihcr kalicl ctcs (KKC) tardcjcp tnliin ocjcl (ZO)

2. Kcnl-kcnl7 KKC jnocljnlihcl jalicl stcljcr ochu, knpctcl huknt

pcjc trnsap, suoshcpukcr, cojfmnlck jnocljnlihcl jalicl ochu

(Rfatgnlnlisnd, ?00?).
D. Cspah-Cspa
Cspah-Cspah
h Parhamoclicl
Parhamoclicl Clch

Parnfja paltnli jckcm tumoud hamocli clch cjckcd mcsc ockntc (ocwcd knmc

tcdul). Hcralc pcjc mcsc nln partumoudcl jcscr ycli chcl mampalicrudn jcl

malaltuhcl parhamoclicl clch sakclgutlyc jn usnc prcsahfkcd. Pcjc mcsc ockntc nln

parhamoclicl hamcmpucl oarocdcsc, hractnvntcs, hascjcrcl sfsnck, amfsnflck jcl

nltakaialsnc oargckcl sclicl bapct jcl marupchcl kcljcscl parhamoclicl

oarnhutlyc. Parhamoclicl mfrck sartc jcscr haprnocjncl guic jnoaltuh pcjc mcsc nln

(Rfatgnlnlisnd, ?030).

N. Jatahsn Palynmpclicl Parhamoclicl Clch

Jatahsn palynmpclicl parhamoclicl clch jnkchuhcl jn samuc tnlihct

pakcyclcl hasadctcl mukcn jcrn Pfsyclju, Pfs PCQJ/OHO, Pustu, Pushasmcs,

Pfknljas, Onjcl jcl jfhtar prchtah dnliic _umcd Rchnt. Pakchsclc shrnlnli onsc

patuics ctcu hcjar Pfsyclju/PCQJ/OHO, iuru ZH, talcic hasadctcl ctcu patuics

tarkctnd kcnllyc (Japhas _N, ?009).

G. HPRP (Huasnflar Prc-shrnlnli Parhamoclicl)

HPRP (Huasnflar Prc-shrnlnli Parhamoclicl) cjckcd nlstrumal ycli

jniulchcl ultuh maliatcdun parhamoclicl clch lfrmck ctcu cjc palynmpclicl.

Zugucl shrnlnli nln ultuh maliatcdun cpchcd parhamoclicl clch lfrmck ctcu tnjch.

Gcjwck shrnlnli HPRP rutnl jnkchuhcl pcjc scct umur clch malbcpcn 2, 5, >, 3?, 31,

34, ?3, ?:, 20, 25, :?, :4, 1:, 50, 55 jcl 9? oukcl. Onkc frcli tuc jctcli jalicl

hakudcl clchlyc mampulycn mcsckcd tumoud hamocli pcjc usnc clch jnkucr gcjwck

shrnlnli, mchc iulchcl HPRP ultuh usnc shrnlnli tarjahct ycli kaond mujc

(Jcmcycltn, ?005).
Bcrc maliiulchcl HPRP malurut Japcrtamal Hasadctcl _N tcdul ?03?7

3. Pcjc wchtu shrnlnli clch dcrus jnocwc.

?. Zaltuhcl umur clch jalicl malgcjnhcllyc jckcm oukcl. Onkc umur clch

kaond jcrn 35 dcrn jnoukcthcl malgcjn 3 oukcl. Bfltfd 7 ocyn umur 2 oukcl

35 dcrn jnoukcthcl malgcjn : oukcl onkc umur ocyn 2 oukcl 31 dcrn

jnoukcthcl malgcjn 2 oukcl.

2. Ratakcd malaltuhcl umur clch pnknd HPRP ycli sasucn jalicl umur clch.

:. HPRP tarjnrn jcrn ? mcbcm partclyccl ycntu7

c. Partclyccl ycli jngcwco fkad nou ctcu palicsud clch. Bfltfd7

‛jcpcthcd ocyn mchcl hua saljnrn6”

o. Parnltcd hapcjc nou ctcu palicsud clch ctcu patuics ultuh

makchsclchcl tuics ycli tartukns pcjc HPRP. Bfltfd7 ‛pcjc pfsnsn ocyn

cljc tarkaltcli, tcrnhkcd ocyn pcjc pariakclicl tclicllyc sabcrc

parkcdcl‒kcdcl ha pfsnsn jujuh”

1. Ocbc juku jalicl ocnh partclyccl‒partclyccl ycli cjc. Onkc tnjch gakcs

ctcu rciu tclychcl kaond kclgut cicr maliartn saoakum makchsclchcl.

5. Partclyccl jngcwco oarurutcl sctu parsctu.

9. Ratncp partclyccl dclyc mampulycn sctu gcwcocl ^C ctcu ZNJCH.

4. Zakntn hamockn samuc partclyccl jcl gcwcocl.

Nltarpratcsn Dcsnk HPRP7

3. Dntuli gcwcocl ^c (onkc jngcwco onsc ctcu sarnli ctcu

ct cu hcjcli‒hcjcli).

?. Dntuli gcwcocl Znjch (onkc gcwcocl oakum parlcd ctcu tnjch parlcd).

2. Onkc gcwcocl ^C = >∟30, parhamoclicl clch sasucn jalicl tcdcpcl

parhamoclicl (R).

:. Onkc gcwcocl ^C = 9 ctcu 4, parhamoclicl clch marciuhcl (M).

 1. Onkc gcwcocl ^C = 5 ctcu hurcli, hamulihnlcl cjc palynmpclicl (P).

5. _nlbnkcd gcwcocl ZNJCH pcjc lfmar oarcpc scgc.

Qltuh Clch jalicl Parhamoclicl RARQCN (R)

3. Frcli tuc ctcu palicsud clch sujcd malicsud

mal icsud clch jalicl ocnh.
?. Pfkc csud clch sakclgutlyc tarus kchuhcl sasucn jalicl ocicl stnmukcsn

sasucnhcl jalicl umur jcl hasncpcl clch.

2. Hatarknoctcl frcli tuc sclict ocnh jckcm tncp hasampctcl stnmukcsn. Znjch

uscd malicmonk mfmalt hdusus. Kchsclchcl stnmukcsn saocicn hainctcl

sadcrn‒dcrn ycli tarcrcd. Nhuthcl clch satncp cjc hainctcl Pfsyclju.

Qltuh Clch jalicl Parhamoclicl MA_CIQHCL (M)

3. Hflsuktcsnhcl lfmfr gcwcocl tnjch, mnltckcd galns stnmukcsn cpc ycli

jnoarnhcl kaond sarnli.

?. Kchuhcl stnmukcsn nltalsne sakcmc ? mnliiu ultuh maliagcr hatartnliickcl

clch.

2. Onkc clch schnt kchuhcl pamarnhsccl hasadctcl pcjc jfhtar ctcu jfhtar

spasnckns clch. Zclychcl cjchcd palychnt pcjc clch tarsaout ycli

malidcmoct parhamoclicllyc.
:. Kchuhcl HPRP ukcli satakcd juc mnliiu maliiulchcl jcetcr HPRP ycli

scmc pcjc scct clch partcmc jnlnkcn.

1. Onkc usnc clch sujcd oarpnljcd ifkflicl jcl HPRP ycli partcmc sujcd onsc

samuc jnkchuhcl. Kchuhcl kcin ultuh HPRP ycli sasucn umur clch. Mnscklyc

umur clch sahcrcli cjckcd 4 oukcl juc mnliiu jcl nc dclyc onsc 9-4 ^C.

Kchuhcl stnmukcsn sakcmc juc mnliiu. Pcjc scct malnkcn HPRP hamockn
 iulchcl juku HPRP 5 oukcl. Onkc samuc onsc, hcralc clch sujcd oarusnc >

oukcl, onsc jnkchsclchcl HPRP > oukcl.

oukcl.

5. Kchuhcl shrnlnli rutnl, pcstnhcl clch tnjch malickcmn hatartnliickcl kcin.

9. Onkc satakcd juc mnliiu nltalsne stnmukcsn, gcwcocl mcsnd (M) = 9-4 gcwcocl

^C. Hflsuktcsnhcl jalicl jfhtar spasnckns clch ctcu ha rumcd schnt jalicl

ecsnkntcs hknlnh tumoud hamocli (Japhas _N, ?03?).

 OCO NNN

DCRNK JCL PAMOCDCRCL

C. Dcsnk

HPRP PCJC CLCH QMQ_ :4 QMQ_ OQKCL

3. Huous

?. Palsnk jcl Hartcs

^C ZNJCH

Clch jnpclihu noulyc/jujuh saljnrn jn tapn magc parnhsc

3. Oarn huous jn japcllyc. Jcpcthcd clch makatchhcl Iarch Dckus 

4 oucd huous sctu parsctu jn ctcs ycli kcnl tclpc

malgctudhcl huous tarsaout6

?. Oarn palsnk jcl

jcl hartcs. Gclicl mamocltu clch jcl Iarch Dckus 

gclicl malyaout knlihcrcl. Rurud

Rurud clch maliicmocr

sapartn bfltfd nln jn hartcs hfsfli ycli tarsajnc.

Cpchcd clch jcpct maliicmocr knlihcrcl6

Zclyc Nou

2. Jcpcthcd clch malicyud sapajc rfjc tnic sagcud Iarch Hcscr 

sajnhntlyc 2 matar 6

:. Cpchcd clch jcpct malbubn tclicllyc saljnrn Rfsncknscsn 

jalicl ocnh satakcd mchcl6 jcl

Hamcljnrncl

1. Cpchcd clch jcpct malinhutn parcturcl parmcnlcl Rfsncknscsn 

onkc oarmcnl jalicl tamcl-tamcllyc6 (mnsck7 ukcr jcl

 tcliic, patch umpat, jkk) Hamcljnrncl

5. Jcpcthcd clch malialchcl bakclc pclgcli, hamagc, Rfsncknscsn 

ocgu ctcu hcfs hchn tclpc jn ocltu6 (Znjch tarmcsuh jcl

mamcscli hclbnli, iaspar ctcu nhct pnliicli) Hamcljnrncl

9. Jcpcthcd clch malyaout lcmc kalihcplyc tclpc Onbcrc jcl 

jnocltu 6 Gcwco ZNJCH gnhc nc malyaout

malyaout saocincl Ocdcsc

lcmclyc ctcu ubcpcllyc suknt jnmaliartn.

Mnltc clch ultuh oarjnrn

4. Rurud clch oarjnrn sctu hchn tclpc oarpaiclicl. Gnhc Iarch Hcscr 

parku tulguhhcl bcrclyc jcl oarn clch cljc

cljc

hasampctcl makchuhcllyc 2 hckn. Jcpcthcd nc

mampartcdclhcl hasanmoclicl jckcm wchtu ? jatnh

ctcu kaond6

>. Katchhcl sakamocr hartcs

hartcs sauhurcl ouhu nln jn kcltcn. Iarch Hcscr 

Cpchcd clch jcpct makfmpctn pclgcli hartcs nln

jalicl maliclihct hajuc hchnlyc sabcrc

oarscmccl tclpc jnjcdukun kcrn6

ZFZCK

Kndct Ckifrntma ultuh Nltarpratcsn jcl Znljchcl

Parnlbn ultuh Cspah Parhamoclicl jalicl

gcwcocl ‛Znjch” Parnlbn ultuh Cspah

Parhamoclicl jalicl gcwcocl ‛Znjch”

 Iarch Hcscr 

Iarch Dckus 

Onbcrc jcl Ocdcsc 

Rfsncknscsn jcl Hamcljnrncl 

O. Pamocdcscl

Jcrn dcsnk clcknsc jnctcs taltcli hamcmpucl paliatcducl clch tardcjcp

HPRP sabcrc umum jcpct jnsnmpukhcl ocdwc clch onsc makchuhcl cpcpul yi
yi jn

surud fkad fogahtne.Znlihctcl paliatcducl mukcn jcrn tcdu,mamcdcmn,scmpcn jalicl

avckucsn. Crtnlyc hamcmpucl paliucsccl maliatcdun sasuctu dck tnjch dclyc jcrn

sckcd sctu cspah scgc tatcpn dcrus tarsusul jcrn > cspah/tnlihctcl tarsaout.

Dck nln malulguhhcl ocdwc hamcmpucl clch tarifkfli raljcd sadnliic

sadnliic dcsnk jcrn tcdu jcl taroaltuh satakcd sasafrcli makchuhcl cpcpul tardcjcp

fogah tarsaout.

Dck nln jcpct jn iulchcl ultuh maliatcdun parhamoclicl clch lfrmck ctcu

cjc palynmpclicl. Zugucl jcrn pamocdcscl nln ultuh maliatcdun cpchcd

parhamoclicl clch lfrmck ctcu tnjch. Pcjc mcsc nln parhamoclicl ensnh jcl

haprnocjncl ycli tapct, hamcmpucl nltarchsn sfsnck kaond kucs, mamukcn hflsap jnrn,

parhamoclicl mftfrnh oarkclsuli tarus malarus jntcljcn hatarcmpnkcl mftfrnh

sapartn oargckcl, oarkcrn jcl makfmpct.

Cjcpul hamcmpucl ycli oarduoulicl jcpct makchuhcl iarchcl ycli

maknocthcl ocincl-ocincl tuoud tartaltu scgc jcl makchuhcl ftft habnk, tatcpn

mamarkuhcl hffrjnlcsn ycli barmct. Mnscklyc, hamcmpucl ultuh maliicmocr jcl

mamaicli suctu oaljc.

 Parnfja paltnli jckcm tumod hamocli clch ycntu jcpct mampalicrudn jcl

mamarkuhcl parhamoclicl clch sakclgutlyc jn usnc parsahfkcdcl. Pcjc mcsc nln

hamcmpucl hamcmpucl oarocdcsc, hractnvntcs, hascjcrcl sfsnck, amfsnflck jcl

nltakaialsnc oargckcl sclict bapct jcl marupchcl kcljcscl

kc ljcscl parhamoclicl oarnhutlyc.

Cjclyc paliatcducl ycli buhup taltcli jatahsn jnln parhamoclicl jcl

ocicnmclc bcrc maliiulchcl nlstrumal jalicl tapct chcl maljfrfli pcrc clch

ultuh kaond chtne makchuhcllyc, tapct paliiulcllyc, tapct nltarpaltcsnlyc sadnliic

tarbcpn pukc tugucl jcrn pamcltcucl parhamoclicl clch.

 OCO NU

PALQZQP

C. Hasnmpukcl

3. HPRP (Huasnflar Prc-shrnlnli Parhamoclicl) cjckcd nlstrumal ycli

jniulchcl ultuh maliatcdun parhamoclicl clch lfrmck ctcu cjc

palynmpclicl. Zugucl shrnlnli nln ultuh maliatcdun cpchcd parhamoclicl

clch lfrmck ctcu tnjch. Gcjwck shrnlnli HPRP rutnl jnkchuhcl pcjc scct umur

clch malbcpcn 2, 5, >, 3?, 31, 34, ?3, ?:, 20, 25, :?, :4, 1:, 50, 55 jcl 9?

oukcl.

?. Parhamoclicl jcl partumoudcl malinhutn prnlsnp bapdckfbcujck jcl

prfxnmfjnstck. Prnlsnp bapdckfbcujck marupchcl rclihcncl jnmclc

partumoudcl ycli tarbapct sakcku targcjn jnctcs, ycntu jn hapckc.

2. Prnlsnp prfxnmfjnstck (jcrn jckcm ha kucr) ycntu partumoudcl jcl

parhamoclicl oariarch jcrn tuoud ocincl jckcm ha kucr.

:. Jatahsn palynmpclicl parhamoclicl clch jnkchuhcl jn samuc tnlihct

pakcyclcl hasadctcl mukcn jcrn Pfsyclju, Pfs PCQJ/OHO, Pustu,

Pushasmcs, Pfknljas, Onjcl jcl jfhtar prchtah dnliic _umcd Rchnt.

Pakchsclc shrnlnli onsc patuics ctcu hcjar Pfsyclju/PCQJ/OHO, iuru ZH,

talcic hasadctcl ctcu patuics tarkctnd kcnllyc.

O. Rcrcl

Cjcpul scrcl jckcm palakntncl nln cjckcd saocicn oarnhut7

3. Qltuh palakntn sakclgutlyc jndcrcphcl, makchuhcl palakntncl ultuh malnkcn

hasatarccl dcsnk pamarnhsccl HPRP pcjc hfljnsn hdusus sapartn paroajccl

stctus ahflfmn jcl paljnjnhcl hakucric.

?. Parku jnkchuhcl palakntncl kaond kclgut ycli maliuhur hasatcrcl dcsnk

pamarnhsccl HPRP pcjc talcic hasadctcl ycli makchuhcl shrnlnli jn

pakcyclcl prnmar.
 JCEZC_ PQRZCHC

Crtdc LM, Rutfmf _, Icmcycltn NK. ?03:. Hasapchctcl dcsnk cltcrc HPRP, PAJR jcl tas

jalvar-NN ultuh shrnlnli parhamoclicl clch ockntc. Rcrn Pajnctrn.35(:)7 3-1.

Oulinl O. ?001. Matfjfkfin palakntncl hucltntctne hfmulnhcsn, ahflfmn jcl haongchcl

puoknh sartc nkmu‒nkmu sfsnck kcnllyc. Gchcrtc7 Pralcjc Majnc.

Jcdkcl R. ?030. Rtctnstnh ultuh hajfhtarcl jcl hasadctcl. Gchcrtc7 Rckamoc Majnhc.

Jdcmcycltn M. ?005. Huasnflar prc shrnllnli parhamoclicl (HPRP)

( HPRP) clch. Rcrn

Pajnctrn. 4(3)7 >-31.

Japcrtamal Hasadctcl _apuoknh Nljflasnc. ?005. Pajfmcl pakchsclccl stnmukcsn, jatahsn

jcl nltarvalsn jnln tumoud hamocli clch tnlihct pakcyclcl hasadctcl jcscr. Gchcrtc7

Japhas _N.

Japcrtamal Hasadctcl _apuoknh Nljflasnc. ?009. Rtnmukcsn, jatahsn jcl nltarvalsn jnln

tumoud hamocli clch tnlihct pakcyclcl hasadctcl jcscr. Gchcrtc7 Japhas _N.

Japcrtamal Hasadctcl _apuoknh Nljflasnc. ?03?. Pajfmcl pakchsclccl stnmukcsn, jatahsn

jcl nltarvalsn jnln tumoud hamocli clch tnlihct pakcyclcl hasadctcl jcscr. Gchcrtc7

Japhas _N.

Dcrknmsycd EP. ?009. Cspah‒cspah partumoudcl jcl parhamoclicl. Gchcrtc7 AIB.

Dnjcyct CC. ?004. Palicltcr nkmu hasadctcl clch ultuh paljnjnhcl onjcl. Gchcrtc7 AIB.

Dnjcyct CC. ?009. Matfja palakntncl haonjclcl tahdlnh clcknsc jctc. Gchcrtc7 Rckamoc.

Nhctcl JfhtarClch Nljflasnc. ?00?. Zumoud hamocli clch jcl ramcgc. Gchcrtc7 Rciuli
 Ratf.

Hamaltrncl Hasadctcl _apuoknh Nljflasnc. ?001. Huasnflar prcshrnlnli parhamoclicl.

Jckcm7 _usmnk H, Darlcwctn N, Ecjkyclc A, Jdcmcycltn M, Jcsdrnctn, Darlnyctn R, at

ck., Pajfmcl pakchsclccl stnmukcsn, jatahsn jnln jcl nltarvalsn jnln tumoud hamocli

clch jn tnlihct pakcyclcl hasadctcl jcscr. Gchcrtc7 Japhas _N. Dck. 93-45.

Zcluwngcyc R. ?002. Hflsap umum tumoud hamocli. Gchcrtc7 AIB.

Yfli JK. ?00>. Ouhu cgcr haparcwctcl pajnctrnh. Gchcrtc7 AIB.