ABSTRAK

Kadek Dwi Nanda Heryani

Analisis Penentuan Titik Gangguan Satu Fasa ke Tanah pada SUTT 70 KV

Menggunakan Metode Perbandingan Arus

Salah satu masalah yang terjadi di saluran transmisi yaitu gangguan satu fasa ke tanah.
Proteksi utama penghantar yaitu relay distance ternyata kurang akurat untuk menentukan
letak titik gangguan satu fasa ke tanah secara tepat pada penghantar dengan tegangan 70 kV.
Salah satu gangguan satu fasa ke tanah yaitu pada saluran transmisi arah Gardu Induk
Ponorogo sampai Gardu Induk Trenggalek 70 kV untuk mengetahui letak titik gangguan
saluran transmisi maka digunakan metode perbandingan arus. Metode ini hanya
membutuhkan data besar arus gangguan pada sistem dan panjang penghantar. Setelah
dilakukannya penelitian, rata – rata persentase error perhitungan menggunakan metode
perbandingan arus dengan hasil inspeksi yaitu sebesar 0,6 % sedangkan rata – rata
persentase error pembacaan fault locator relay distance dengan hasil inspeksi yaitu sebesar
35,06 %. Dari penelitian ini, menggunakan metode perbandingan arus untuk menentukan
lokasi gangguan satu fasa ke tanah di tegangan 70 kV lebih efektif karena mampu
menghemat waktu serta meminimalisir energi tidak tersalurkan.

Kata kunci : Titik gangguan, gangguan satu fasa ke tanah, metode perbandingan
arus.

ABSTRACT
Kadek Dwi Nanda Heryani
Analysis of Fault Point for One-phase Fault to Ground on SUTT 70 KV Using
Current Comparison Method
One of the problems in transmission line is one-phase fault to the ground. The main
protection of transmission line is distance relay which is less accurate to determine the
location of one-phase fault on the 70 kV transmission line. One of the problem faults in
transmission line is bay Gardu Induk Ponorogo to Gardu Trenggalek 70 kV to find out
the fault point of transmission line then used a current comparison method. This method
only requires data which is current fault in the system and the conductor length. After
the research, the average percentage of calculation errors using the current comparison
method with the inspection result is 0,6% while the average percentage error of fault
locator with inspection result is 35,06%. From this research, using the current
comparison method to determine the location of one-phase fault at 70 kV voltage is
more effective because it’s able to save time and minimize the energy not serve.
Keywords : Fault point, one-phase fault, current comparison method.

Politeknik Negeri Bali vii

 DAFTAR ISI
LEMBAR JUDUL ..................................................................................................... i
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ......................................................................................ii
LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI ...............................................................iii
FORM PERNYATAAN PLAGIARISME ...............................................................iv
KATA PENGANTAR ..............................................................................................v
ABSTRAK ................................................................................................................ vii
DAFTAR ISI ............................................................................................................. viii
DAFTAR GAMBAR ................................................................................................x
DAFTAR TABEL ..................................................................................................... xi
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ............................................................................................. xii
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ......................................................................................... I-1
1.1 Latar Belakang ....................................................................................................I-1
1.2 Perumusan Masalah ............................................................................................I-2
1.3 Batasan Masalah .................................................................................................I-2
1.4 Tujuan .................................................................................................................I-3
1.5 Manfaat ...............................................................................................................I-3
1.6 Sistematik Penulisan ...........................................................................................I-3

BAB II LANDASAN TEORI ..................................................................................II-1

2.1 Hukum Kirchhoff ................................................................................................II-1

2.1.1 Rangkaian Seri .................................................................................................II-2
2.1.2 Rangkaian Paralel ............................................................................................II-2
2.1 Metode Perbandingan Arus ................................................................................II-3
2.2 Pengertian Nilai Error .........................................................................................II-6
2.3 Pengertian Umum Gardu Induk Transmisi .........................................................II-6
2.4 Jenis Gardu Induk ...............................................................................................II-6
2.5 Bagian – Bagian Gardu Induk ............................................................................II-7
2.6.1 Transformator Tenaga ......................................................................................II-8
2.6.2 Transformator Arus ..........................................................................................II-8
2.6.3 Transformator Tegangan ..................................................................................II-8
2.6.4 Kapasitor ..........................................................................................................II-8
2.6.5 Reaktor .............................................................................................................II-8
2.6.6 Pemutus Tegangan ...........................................................................................II-8
2.6.7 Pemisah Tegangan ...........................................................................................II-9
2.6.8 Lightning Arrester ............................................................................................II-9
2.6 Saluran Transmisi ...............................................................................................II-9
2.7 Sistem Proteksi Penghantar ................................................................................II-11
2.8.1 Sistem Pengaman Proteksi ...............................................................................II-12
2.8.1.1 Pengaman Utama .......................................................................................... II-12
2.8.1.2 Pengaman Cadangan ..................................................................................... II-13
Politeknik Negeri Bali viii
2.8 Sistem Proteksi Trafo .......................................................................................... II-13
2.9.1 Pentanahan Netral Sistem ................................................................................ II-13
2.9.2 Skema Proteksi Utama Trafo ........................................................................... II-14
2.9.3 Skema Proteksi Cadangan Trafo ...................................................................... II-15
2.10 Peralatan Bantu Analisa Gangguan PLN .......................................................... II-16
2.11 Jenis – Jenis Gangguan ..................................................................................... II-17
2.11.1 Gangguan Hubung Singkat Satu Fasa ke Tanah ............................................ II-18
2.11.2 Gangguan Hubung Singkat Dua Fasa ............................................................ II-19
2.11.3 Gangguan Hubung Singkat Dua Fasa ke Tanah ............................................ II-19
2.11.4 Gangguan Hubung Singkat Tiga Fasa ........................................................... II-19
BAB III METODOLOGI PENELITIAN ................................................................. III-1
3.1 Pengumpulan Data .............................................................................................. III-1
3.1.1 Metode Observasi ............................................................................................ III-1
3.1.2 Metode Studi Literatur ..................................................................................... III-2
3.1.3 Metode Dokumentasi ....................................................................................... III-2
3.1.4 Metode Wawancara dan Diskusi ..................................................................... III-2
3.2 Pengolahan Data ................................................................................................. III-3
3.2.1 Data Arus Gangguan ........................................................................................ III-3
3.2.2 Data Panjang Penghantar ................................................................................. III-3
3.2.3 Analisis Hasil Penelitian .................................................................................. III-4
3.3 Diagram Alir Penelitian ...................................................................................... III-7

BAB IV PEMBAHASAN DAN ANALISA ............................................................ IV-1

4.1 Pemilihan Data Lokasi ........................................................................................ IV-1

4.2 Data Teknis Objek .............................................................................................. IV-1
4.2.1 Spesifikasi Transformator ................................................................................ IV-1
4.2.2 Data Banyak Gangguan Satu Fasa ke Tanah ................................................... IV-2
4.2.3 Data Saluran Transmisi .................................................................................... IV-2
4.2.4 Data Gangguan Satu Fasa ke Tanah GI Ponorogo – GI Trenggalek ............... IV-5
4.2.5 Data Besar Arus Gangguan .............................................................................. IV-6
4.3 Analisa dan Pembahasan Perhitungan Titik Gangguan ...................................... IV-6
4.3.1 Perhitungan Lokasi Titik Gangguan pada Tanggal 23 Maret 2020 ................. IV-6
4.3.2 Perhitungan Lokasi Titik Gangguan pada Tanggal 11 Maret 2019 ................. IV-7
4.4 Inspeksi Pencarian Titik Gangguan .................................................................... IV-9
4.5 Analisa Perbandingan Perhitungan antara Metode Perbandingan Arus dan
Fault Locator Relay Distance .............................................................................. IV-11
4.6 Analisa Perhitungan Kerugian Finansial ............................................................ IV-13

BAB V PENUTUP ................................................................................................... V-1

5.1 Kesimpulan .........................................................................................................V-1

5.2 Saran ...................................................................................................................V-2

DAFTAR PUSTAKA
LAMPIRAN

Politeknik Negeri Bali ix

 DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1 Titik Percabangan Arus ......................................................................... II-1

Gambar 2.2 Arah Aliran Arus Tertutup .................................................................... II-2
Gambar 2.3 Sambungan Seri ..................................................................................... II-2
Gambar 2.4 Sambungan Paralel ................................................................................ II-3
Gambar 2.5 Tahanan Pengganti Paralel .................................................................... II-3
Gambar 2.6 Single Line Diagram pada Saat Terjadi Gangguan ................................ II-4
Gambar 2.7 Rangkaian Ekivalen Gangguan Satu Fasa ke Tanah .............................. II-5
Gambar 2.8 Gardu Induk Pasangan Luar ................................................................... II-7
Gambar 2.9 Sistem Penyaluran Daya Listrik ............................................................ II-10
Gambar 2.10 Saluran Transmisi ............................................................................... II-10
Gambar 2.11 Tyipical Komponen Sistem Proteksi SUTT ....................................... II-11
Gambar 2.12 Gambar Diagram Jaringan Gangguan Satu Fasa Ke Tanah ................ II-19
Gambar 2.13 Gambar Diagram Jaringan Gangguan Dua Fasa ................................. II-19
Gambar 2.14 Gambar Diagram Jaringan Gangguan Dua Fasa Ke Tanah ................ II-19
Gambar 2.15 Gambar Diagram Jaringan Gangguan Tiga Fasa ................................ II-19
Gambar 3.1 Single Line Diagram ULTG Madiun .................................................... III-1
Gambar 3.2 Single Line Diagram Pada Saat Terjadi Gangguan .............................. III-4
Gambar 3.3 Rangkaian Ekivalen Gangguan Satu Fasa ke Tanah ............................. III-4
Gambar 3.4 Diagram Alir Metode Penelitian ............................................................ III-7
Gambar 4.1 Grafik Jumlah Gangguan Satu Fasa ke Tanah PT. PLN (Persero) UPT
Madiun ................................................................................................... IV-2

Gambar 4.2 Konfigurasi Gardu Induk Ponorogo – Trenggalek sebelum gangguan . IV-3
Gambar 4.3 Konfigurasi Gardu Induk Ponorogo – Trenggalek saat gangguan ......... IV-3
Gambar 4.4 Proses Climb Up Tower ........................................................................ IV-9
Gambar 4.5 Isolator Flash ......................................................................................... IV-10

Politeknik Negeri Bali x

 DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 4.1 Data IBT I Gardu Induk Ponorogo ............................................................ IV-1
Tabel 4.2 Data Penghantar Line Transmisi GI Trenggalek – GI Ponorogo ............. IV-3
Tabel 4.3 Data Span Antar Tower Line Transmisi Gardu Induk Trenggalek – Gardu
Induk Ponorogo ......................................................................................... IV-4
Tabel 4.4 Data Gangguan Line Transmisi Gardu Induk Ponorogo – Gardu Induk
Trenggalek Tanggal 23 Maret 2020 .......................................................... IV-5
Tabel 4.5 Data Gangguan Line Transmisi Gardu Induk Ponorogo – Gardu Induk
Trenggalek Tanggal 11 Maret 2019 .......................................................... IV-6
Tabel 4.6 Data Besar Arus Gangguan Line Transmisi Gardu Induk Ponorogo – Gardu
Induk Trenggalek Tanggal 23 Maret 2020 ............................................... IV-6
Tabel 4.7 Data Besar Arus Gangguan Line Transmisi Gardu Induk Ponorogo – Gardu
Induk Trenggalek Tanggal 11 Maret 2019 ................................................ IV-6
Tabel 4.8 Hasil Perhitungan titik gangguan Line Transmisi GI Ponorogo – GI
Trenggalek ................................................................................................. IV-11
Tabel 4.9 Hasil Perhitungan Persentase Error dari Perhitungan Titik Gangguan Line
Transmisi GI Ponorogo – GI Trenggalek .................................................. IV-12
Tabel 4.10 Perhitungan Perkiraan Efisiensi Kerugian PT.PLN (Persero) ................. IV-14

Politeknik Negeri Bali xi

 DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

Gambar 1. Panel Relay T/L Bay ............................................................................... L-1

Gambar 2. Briefing Tindak Lanjut Gangguan ..........................................................L-1
Gambar 3. Berita Acara Tanggal 11 Maret 2019 ....................................................... L-2
Gambar 4. Berita Acara Tanggal 23 Maret 2020 ......................................................L-2
Tabel 1. Data Relay Pengaman Transmisi GI Ponorogo arah Trenggalek ............ L-3

Politeknik Negeri Bali xii