Explanation Text

Pengertian Explanation Text

Explanation text adalah salah satu jenis teks dalam Bahasa Inggris yang menjelaskan mengenai
suatu proses. Berbicara mengenai proses, teks ini hampir sama dengan procedure text. Namun,
jika procedure text menjelaskan cara melakukan sesuatu (proses), teks ini menjelaskan
bagaimana suatu proses tersebut terjadi. Dengan begitu, dapat kita ketahui bahwa explanation
text berfungsi untuk memberikan informasi kepada pembaca tentang suatu proses tersebut.

Ciri-ciri Explanation Text : Terdapat beberapa ciri-ciri dari teks ini, yaitu:

 Menggunakan Simple Present Tense

Teks ini menggunakan Simple Present Tense karena teks ini menjelaskan mengenai fakta.

 Menggunakan Action Verbs

Action Verbs adalah kata kerja yang digunakan untuk menjelakan aksi yang
berlangsung. Contohnya adalah do, make, create, dan lain sebagainya.

 Menggunakan Passive Voices

Penggunaan Passive Voices ini bertujuan untuk menekankan fokus pada kejadian yang
berlangsung daripada subjeknya.

 Menggunakan Noun Phrases

 Menggunakan Technical Terms

Technical terms ini merujuk pada istilah-istilah teknis yang berkaitan dengan topik yang dibahas
pada teks ini. Berisi penjelasan mengenai proses

Language Features
Generic Structure of Explanation Text Terdapat dua bagian dari Explanation Text, yaitu:

 General Statement
Berisi tentang informasi umum mengenai topik yang akan dibahas dalam teks.

 Explanation
Berisi serangkaian kejadian-kejadian (sequence of events) dari suatu proses yang merupakan
topik dari teks. Kita juga bisa menjelaskan dengan menggunakan pertanyaan mengapa dan
bagaimana, agar penjelasan yang kita sampaikan lebih komprehensif.

 Closing
Bagian closing atau penutup bersifat pilihan atau tidak harus ada pada teks ini. Bagian ini dapat
berisi informasi tambahan atau opini penulis mengenai topik yang dibahas.

How a Tsunami Happens?

We all know that tsunamis are a series of destructive waves and
General Statement powerful. Tsunami is the deadliest wave because the wave speed is
incredibly fast. But do you know how a tsunami can happens?

Tsunami originated from Japan, “tsu” meaning harbor and “nami”

meaning wave. They are normally caused by landslides, earthquakes,
volcanic eruptions in, or close to an ocean. After some sort of underwater
disturbance, this causes energy to rise up to sea level pushing the water
Explanation high into the air. Gravity kicks in and pulls it down again and then
consequently causing the water to filter out into many different
directions.
When a tsunami begins to approach the shore the energy in the wave is
compressed. As a result, the water is pushed up into the wave, resulting
in a powerful tsunami. If the trough hits the shoreline first, it then causes
the tide to drastically retreat.

So, tsunamis happen because of natural disasters such as earthquakes or

Conclusion volcanic eruptions. People who live near the shoreline have to be careful
because they are threatened by tsunamis whenever there is an earthquake.

Terjemahan:

Kita semua tahu jika tsunami merupakan rangkaian gelombang yang

Pernyataan umum dahsyat dan merusak. Tsunami merupakan suatu gelombang yang paling
mematikan sebab adanya kecepatan gelombangnya yang sangat cepat.
Namun tahukah kamu bagaimana tsunami ini dapat terjadi?

Kata tsunami diambil dari bahasa Jepang, “tsu” yang berarti pelabuhan
serta “nami” yang berarti gelombang. Mereka pada umumnya dikarenakan
adanya gempa bumi, tanah longsor, letusan gunung berapi di atau dekat
Penjelasan lautan. Selepas beberapa jenis gangguan bawah air, hal itulah yang
mengakibatkan energi naik menuju permukaan laut sehingga mendorong
air tinggi ke udara. Gravitasi masuk serta menariknya lagi lalu
menyebabkan air tersaring ke berbagai arah.
 Ketika tsunami telah berhasil mendekati pantai, energi gelombang
kemudian dikompresi. Yang akibatnya air terdorong menuju atas menjadi
gelombang, mengakibatkan tsunami yang dahsyat. Apabila palung telah
menyentuh garis pantai terlebih dahulu, hal tersebut kemudian membuat
air terjadi pasang surut secara drastis.

Sehingga tsunami berlangsung sebab adanya bencana alam seperti gempa

bumi ataupun letusan gunung berapi. Masyarakat yang tinggal di area
Kesimpulan bibir pantai harus berhati – hati sebab akan terancam terjadinya tsunami
setiap kali ada gempa bumi.

Making Paper from Woodchips

Wood-chipping is a process used to obtain pulp and paper

General Statement
products from forest trees.

The wood-chipping process begins when the trees are cut

down in a selected area of the forest called a coupe.
A sequenced

explanation of Next the tops and branches of the trees are cut out and then the
logs are taken to the mill.

why or how
At the mill the bark of the logs is removed and the logs are
taken to a chipper which cuts them into small pieces called
something occurs woodchips.

The woodchips are then screened to remove dirt and other

impurities. At this stage they are either exported in this form or
changed into pulp by chemicals and heat.

The pulp is then bleached and the water content is removed.

Conclusion / closing Finally the pulp is rolled out to make paper.

CONTOH SOAL
Answer the questions by crossing (x) a, b, c, d, or e in front of the right answer!

All human beings eat food and make use of the chemical energy in it, so do all other animals.
Perhaps you wonder where all that chemical energy comes from. Why doesn’t the food all
get used up?

The answer is that new food is being grown as fast as old food is used to. It is the green plants
that form the new food. Animals either eat the plants or eat other animals that have eaten
plants.

The green substance of plants is chlorophyll. Chlorophyll can absorb sunlight. When it does so, it
changes the energy of the sun into chemical energy. The chemical energy present in sunlit
chlorophyll is used to combine dioxide in the air with water from the soil. Starch and other
complicated compounds are formed. These are high in chemical energy obtained from the sunlit
chlorophyll.

They make up the food on which mankind and all other animals live. In the process of
forming this food, some oxygen atoms are left over. These are given off into the air by the
plants. The whole process is called photosynthesis.

Thus, plants use sunlight to from food and oxygen to from carbon dioxide and water again.
Plants change the sun’s energy into chemical energy. And animals change the animal energy into
kinetic and heat energy.

1. The text is about ....

A. The process of changing chemical energy
B. The formation of carbon dioxide
C. The green substance of plants
D. The process of photosynthesis
E. The use of chemical energy

Keseluruhan isi wacana membahas mengenai proses merubah energi kimia pada manusia dan
hewan. Perhatikan bagian awal dan akhir wacana, "All human beings eat food and make use of
the chemical energy in it, no do all other animals." (Seluruh manusia memakan makanan dan
memanfaatkan energi kimia di dalamnya, demikian juga seluruh hewan.) dan "Plants change the
sun's energy into chemical energy. And animals change chemical energy into kinetic and heat
energy" (Tumbuh turnbuhan merubah energi matahari menjadi energi kimia. Dan hewan
merubah energi kimia menjadi energi kinetik dan panes.) Dapat disimpulkan teks tersebut
tentang The process of changing chemical energy.
Jawaban: A

2. What will happen when the chlorophyll absorbs sunlight? It will ....
A. Change heat into kinetic energy
B. Form complicated compound
C. Make use of heat energy
D. Change kinetic energy into chemical energy
E. Change the sun’s energy into chemical energy

Keterangan mengenai apa yang akan terjadi jika klorofil menyerap sinar matahari bisa dilihat
pada Imlimat berikut "Chlorophyll can absorb sunlight When it does so, it changes the energy of
the sun into chemical energy." (Klorofil bisa menyerap sinar matahari. Ketika melakukan hal ini,
klorofil merubah energi matahari menjadi energi kimia.) Jadi, pilihan yang tepat adalah Change
the sun’s energy into chemical energy.
Jawaban: E

3. From the text we know that ....

A. Plant need to heat energy to live
B. All human beings need chemical energy
C. Plants absorb sunlight to produce kinetic energy
D. Chlorophyll is the most important thing in photosynthesis
E. Sun’s energy cannot be formed into kinetic energy

Informasi yang bisa diperoleh dari wacana adalah gagasan bahwa seluruh manusia dan hewan
membutuhkan energi. Perhatikan kalimat berikut "All human beings eat food and make use of
the chemical energy in it, so do all other animals." (Seluruh manusia memakan makanan dan
memanfaatkan energi kimia di dalamnya, demikian juga seluruh hewan.) Jadi, pilihan yang
tepat adalah All human beings need chemical energy.
Jawaban: B

4. The green substance of plants is chlorophyll.

The underlined word in the above is closest in meaning to ...
A. Core
B. Body
C. Stuff
D. Essence
E. Material

4.Kata "Essence" dalam arti bio kimia berarti (zat kimia) inti pada suatu tanaman. Jadi, ini
merupakan sinonim yang tepat untuk menggantikan kata Substance.
Jawaban: D

LATIHAN SOAL
MASUKAN EXPLANATION TEXT INI KEDALAM BAGAN BERIKUT

How Corruption Occur

Corruption usually occurs because some individuals are willing to use illicit means to maximize
personal or corporate profit. How does corruption happen? Does corruption happen slowly, or all
at once?

When we hear the word corruption, we immediately think about political issues. But have
you ever thought that actually people have often practiced culture of corruption from an early
age. For example, we know the term “rubber clock” which is always not on time to make an
appointment. This is an example of small corruption that we are not aware of. So don’t be
surprised if there will be a lot of corruptors – who are very troubling

Furthermore, exam cheating is also a form of corruption. Cheating is a common thing done by
students. Indeed cheating can give us a high value, but it will reduce us ourselves, by cheating
we certainly cannot get that knowledge purely. If this is often done, the cheating action is
carried out when an adult student.

As an adult, he has a position in the government, in politics, and in a BUMN (state-owned

enterprise). Finally, the person concerned likes to hang out, cheat or outsmart the budget to look
for additional income.
 TITLE :……………………………………..
How Day and Night Happen
The sun seems to rise in the morning, crosses the sky during the day and
General Statement sets at night. However the sun does not actually move around the earth.
Earth’s turning on its axis makes it look as if the sun is moves.

The earth makes a complete turn on its axis for 24 hours. It is called as
rotation. It causes day and night. Also the earth moves around the sun. It
takes 365 days or a year. This process is called revolution. The revolution
process causes the changes of the season

As can understand that an explanation text means an explanation as its

name. Shaped text of this explanation would be an explanation of the
question of “how” and “why”.

A sequenced

explanation of

why or how

something occurs

Conclusion / closing

Tsunami

Tsunami occurs when major fault under the ocean floor suddenly slips. The displaced rock
pushes water above it like a giant paddle, producing powerful water waves at the ocean
surface. The ocean waves spread out from the vicinity of the earthquake source and move
across the ocean until they reach the coastline, where their height increases as they reach the
continental shelf, the part of the earth crust that slopes, or rises, from the ocean floor up to the
land.

A tsunami washes ashore with often disastrous effects such as severe flooding, loss of lives
due to drowning and damage to property.

A tsunami is a very large sea wave that is generated by a disturbance along the ocean floor. This
disturbance can be an earthquake, a landslide, or a volcanic eruption. A tsunami is undetectable
far out in the ocean, but once it reaches shallow water, this fast traveling wave grows very

Answer the questions by crossing (x) a, b, c, d, or e in front of the right answer!

1. Tsunami happens because ....
A. The displaced rock pushes water above it
B. A major fault under the ocean floor slips suddenly
C. The ocean waves spread out from the vicinity of the source
D. The waves moves across the ocean until they reach the beach
E. A tsunami is undetectable far out in the ocean
2. What are the impacts of tsunami?
A. The part of the Earth’s crust that slopes, or rises, from the ocean floor down to the land
B. A tsunami washes ashore with often disastrous effects such as flooding and loss of lives
C. A tsunami is a very large sea wave which is not generated by a disturbance a long
the ocean floor
D. A tsunami is detectable far out in the ocean
E. Once tsunami reaches shallow water, the wave never grows very large

3. We understand from the text that tsunami ....

A. Causes the movement of earth
B. Forms a new shape of coastline
C. Makes unfortunate event
D. Rises a new coastal land
E. Displaces rocks to land

4. “. . .producing powerful water waves at the ocean surface.”

The synonym of the underlined word is....
A. Fast
B. Deep
C. Quick
D. Strong
E. Weak