Kondisi Perancangan

1. Kondisi jembatan
> Panjang bentang = 25.18 m
> Lebar jembatan = 4.00 m
> Lebar perkerasan = 3.18 m
> Tipe jembatan = Beton bertulang dengan gelagar balok T
> Jumlah balok/gelagar = 2 buah
> Panjang bersih gelagar = 24.80 m = 2480 mm

2. Spesifikasi Pembebanan
a. Beban Hidup : PPJJR No. 12/1970 (BM 70% ).
> Beban roda T = 70% x 10 t = 7 t
> Beban garis P = 70% x 12 t/m = 8.4 t/m
> Beban merata q = 70% x 2.2 t/m 2 = 1.54 t/m 2 (L<30 m).
b. 20
Beban kejut, k = 1 = 1 = 1.00079
+ 50 + L + 50 + 25180

3. Spesifikasi Beton dan Baja Tulangan

a. Beton :
> Kuat tekan, fc' = 29.05 Mpa > K 350
> Kuat tekan ijin, fc' = 10 Mpa
> Modulus Elastisitas, Ec' = 4700 x 29.05 = 25332.08 Mpa
b. Baja Tulangan :
> Kuat leleh, fy' = 300 Mpa
> Modulus Elastisitas, Es' = 2 x 10 5 Mpa

Perencanaan:
1. Tiang sandaran (lihat gambar 5.4)
Momen lentur, M = 2 x 100 x 1.0 = 200 kg.m = 2000 N.m
Gaya geser, V = 2 x 100 = 200 kg = 2000 N
Mn =ɸ.b.d2.k
Mu =Mn

h= 160 d= 130

b= 160

3
Mu 2000 x 10
k = φ .b.d² = = 0.925 Mpa
0.8 x 160 x 130 2

0.85 fc' 2 x k
ρ perlu 1 - 1
= fy - 0.85 x fc'

0.85 x 29.05 2 x 0.925

1 - 1 = 0.00314
= 300 - 0.85 x 29.05

1.4 1.4
ρ min = = = 0.005
fy' 300
 ρ perlu < ρ min ρ = ρ min = 0.005

A s = ρ.b.d = 0.005 x 160 x 130 = 97.07 mm2

Dipakai tulangan 2  10 (A s = 157 mm2 ).

Kontrol kapasitas momen balok :

Dianggap baja tulangan telah mencapai luluh pada saat beton mulai retak. (c =
0.003 ), f s = f y
NT = N D

a= As x f y = 157 x 300 = 11.922 mm.

0.85 x fc' x b 0.85 x 29.05 x 160

a 11.922
c= = = 14.025 mm.
1 0.85

d-c 130 - 14.025

fs = 600 = 600 = 4961.3172 Mpa > fy Oke
c 14.025

a 11.922
Mn = A s . f y d - = 157 x 300 130 - = 5842245.5 Nmm
2 2

= 5842.245469 Nm

Mn 5842.2455
= = 2.92112 oke
Mu 2000

Perencanaan tulangan geser :

Vu= 2000 N

Vc = 1 fc' .b.d 1 29
=
3 3 x 160 x 130 = 37369.316 N

1 1
Vc = x 0.6 x 37369.32 = 11210.7948 N
2 2
= 11210.7948 N > Vu (teoritis tidak perlu sengkang)

Walaupun secara teoritis tidak perlu sengkang tetapi untuk kestabilan struktur dan peraturan
mensyaratkan dipasang tulangan minimum (spasi maksimum),

S = 1 x d =1 x
maksimum
130 = 65 mm.
2 2
atau
S maksimum = 600 mm.

digunakan spasi = 65 mm, dengan luas tulangan minimum :

 1 1
fc' 29
x 160 x 65
.b.S
A v min = 3 = 3 = 62 mm 2

fy 300
Dipakai tulangan 
8 mm (A v = 100.531 mm 2 ), maka jarak sengkang :
Av.fy 100.531 x 300
s = = 104.918 mm.
1 =
fc' . b. 1
3 29 160
3

Jadi dipakai tulangan  8 - 80 mm untuk geser, dan 2  10 untuk lentur.

2. Perhitungan pelat kantilever (lihat gambar 5.4).

a. Momen lentur (bending moment ).
 W Lengan Momen
No Volume (m 3 )
kg/m 3 (kg) (m) (kg.m)
1 0.10 x 0.16 x 0.50 = 0.008 2400 19.2 0.855 16.416
2 0.10 x ( 0.70 x 0.11 )/ 2 = 0.0039 2400 9.24 0.862 7.965
3 0.10 x 0.05 x 0.50 = 0.0025 2400 6 0.8 4.800
4 0.10 x ( 0.15 x 0.50 )/ 2 = 0.0038 2400 9 0.725 6.525
5 1.00 x 0.825 x 0.20 = 0.165 2400 396 0.413 163.548
6 1.00 x ( 0.825 x 0.10 )/ 2 = 0.0413 2400 99 0.275 27.225
7 1.00 x 0.625 x 0.07 = 0.04375 2200 96.25 0.313 30.126
P 2.0 x 100 kg/m 200 1.2 240.000
T 1.299 x 7.00 (wheel load) 9093 0.275 2500.575
Air hujan = 2 x 0.625 x 0.05 1000 62.5 0.313 19.563
Railing = 2 x 2 m x 6 kg/m 24 0.825 19.800
Total momen lentur, M 3036.543
= 30365.43 Nm

b. Gaya geser (Shear Force ).

Berat tiang sandaran = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + railing = 67.44 kg
Slab kantilever dan perkerasan = 5 + 6 + 7 = 591.25 kg
Beban roda = 9093 kg
Beban genangan air hujan = 62.5 kg
Total gaya lintang, V = 9814 kg
= 98142 N

c. Perhitungan baja tulangan

Mu = 30370 N,m
Vu = 98150 N
hf = 300 mm d= 300 - 40 = 260 mm

3
Mu 30370 x 10
k = φ .b.d² = = 0.562 Mpa
0.8 x 1000 x 260 2

0.85 fc' 2 x k
ρ perlu 1 - 1
= fy - 0.85 x fc'

0.85 x 29.05 2 x 0.562

1 - 1 = 0.002
= 300 - 0.85 x 29.1

ρ perlu < ρ min ρ- ρ min = 0.005

A s = ρ. b.d = 0.005 x 1000 x 260 = 1213.3333 mm 2

Dipakai tulangan  = 201.06193 mm 2

16 mm (A v ), dengan jarak antar tulangan :

S perlu = 201.0619298 x 1000 = 165.710 mm

1213.333333
Dipakai tulangan  16 100 mm,
-
Kontrol terhadap geser beton :
V 98150
c = = = 0.4314 Mpa < 0.45 fc' Oke
7
x b x h 7 1000 260
8 8x
100/160 x
H=100 kg/m
T= 7.000 kg

Gambar 5.4. Cantilever Slab Load

3. Perhitungan pelat bagian dalam (inner slab ) lihat gambar 5.4.

a. Momen lentur akibat beban hidup
Dari tabel (pada PBI 1970) diperoleh :
f xm = 0.1500
f ym = 0.0933

M xm = f xm xTxtxxty
= 0.1500 x 20046.3 x 0.48 x 0.54
= 779.400144 kg.m
= 7794.00144 N.m

M ym = f ym xTxtxxty
= 0.0933 x 20046.3 x 0.48 x 0.54
= 484.78689 kg.m
= 4847.8689 N.m
 Wheel

Pavement
2%

Gambar 5.5. Wheel position

b. Momen lentur akibat beban mati

Berat slab = 0.2 x 2400 = 480 kg/m2
Berat perkerasan = 0.06 x 2200 = 132 kg/m 2

Berat air hujan = 0.05 x 1000 = 50 kg/m2

Total qDL = 662

2
M xm = 1 qDL 1
x x Lx2 = x 662 x 1.26 = 105 kgm = 1051 Nm
10 10

1 1
M ym = x M xm = x 105 = 35 kgm = 350 Nm
3 3

50 20

20

84 cm 54 cm

tx = 0.84

= 0.54 Lv = 
Ly

Lx = 1.26
Gambar 5.6 Beban roda pada slab
 Beban roda T = 7000 kg
Bidang kontak = 84 x 54 cm
Penyebaran beban roda
T = 7000 x 1.229 = 8603 = 18966.05
kg/cm2 = 0.18966 Mpa
0.84 x 0.54 0.4536
Lx = 1.26 Lv = 
0.84
tx/Lx = = 0.667
1.26
0.54
ty/Ly = = 0.429
1.26

c. Momen total
Mx = 7794 + 1051 = 8845 N.m
My = 4847.9 + 350 = 5198 N.m

-
d. Perhitungan baja tulangan
Arah melintang (Lx)
Mux = 8845 N.m
hf = 200 mm
d = 200 - 40 = 160 mm
Mu 8845 x 10 2
k = = = 0.04319 Mpa
φ .b.d² 0.8 x 1000 x 160 2

0.8 . fc'
ρ perlu = 1 2.k 0.85 x 29.1 2x 0.04319
1 = - 1 1
-
fy 0.8 fc' 300 0.85 x 29.05
= 0.00014

ρ perlu < ρ min → ρ = ρ min = 0.005

As = ρbd = 0.005 x 1000 x 160 747 mm 2

=
Dipakai tulangan ф16 ( As 201.06 mm 2 ), dengan jarak tulangan p.k.p
=

201
S perlu = x 1000 = 269 mm
747
Dipakai tulangan ф16 - 100 mm ,

Arah melintang (Ly)

Mux = 5198 N.m
hf = 200 mm
d = 200 - 40 - 16 = 144 mm
2
Mu 5198 x 10
k = = = 0.03134 Mpa
φ .b.d² 0.8 x 1000 x 144 2

0.85 . fc' 2.k 0.85 x 0.03 2 x 0.03134

ρ perlu = fy 1 - 1 0.8 fc' = 300 1 - 1 0.85 x 29.05

= 0.0001

ρ perlu < ρ min → ρ = ρ min = 0.005

As = ρbd = 0.005 x 1000 x 144 672 mm 2

=
Dipakai tulangan ф16 ( As 201.06 mm 2 ), dengan jarak tulangan p.k.p
=

201
 672
S perlu = x 1000 = 299 mm
Dipakai tulangan ф16 - 100 mm ,
 4. perhitungan gelagar (lihat gambar 5.7 dan gambar 5.8)
a. Beban mati (dead load)

0.10 x 0.16 x 1.00 x 2400

Hand rail = 2.00 x 1.435
= 27.55 kg/m
Railing = 2.00 x 1.00 x 6 x 1.435 = 17.22 kg/m
perkerasan = 0.07 x 220 x 1.829 = 28.161 kg/m
Air hujan = 0.05 x 100 x 1.829 = 9.1431 kg/m
Plat lantai = 0.20 x 100 x 1.829 = 36.573 kg/m
Gelagar = 0.95 x 2400 x 1.829 x 1 = 4169.3 kg/m
Total qDL = 4260.4 kg/m

Balok melintang (diagfragma),T b = 0.30 x 0.6 x 2400 x 0.50

= 216 kg/m

b. Momen lentur akibat beban mati

1 x
MqDL → Mx = qDL . L2 x
1 =
2 L L
Momen pada potongan 1, x 2 m (M 1 . DL)

=
MqDL x 4260.367 x 2 = 97136 kgm
= 24.80 1 -
24.8
M Tb = x 216.00 x 0.70 = 75.60 kgm

M1.DL = 97212 kgm

= 972120 Nm

Momen pada potongan 2, x = 4 m (M 2 . DL)

MqDL x 4260.367 x 4 = 177231 kgm
= 24.80 1 -
24.8
M Tb = x 216 x 0.70 = 75.60 kgm

M2.DL = 177307 kgm

= 1773069 Nm

Momen pada potongan 3, x = 6 m (M 3 . DL)

MqDL x 4260.367 x 6 = 240285 kgm
= 24.80 1 -
24.8
M Tb = x 216 x 0.70 = 75.60 kgm

M3.DL = 240360 kgm

= 2403603 Nm

Momen pada potongan 4, x = 8 m (M 4 . DL)

MqDL x 4260.367 x 8 = 286297 kgm
= 24.80 1 -
24.8
M Tb = x 216 x 0.70 = 75.60 kgm

M4.DL = 286372 kgm

= 2863723 Nm
 Momen pada potongan 5, x = 10 m (M 5 . DL)
MqDL x 4260.367 x 24.80 10 = 315267 kgm
= 24.8 1-

M Tb = x 216 x 0.70 = 75.60 kgm

M5.DL = 315343 kgm

= 3153428 Nm

Momen pada potongan 6, x = 12 m (M 6 . DL)

MqDL x 4260.367 x 24.80 12 = 327196 kgm
= 24.8 1-

M Tb = x 216 x 0.70 = 75.60 kgm

M6.DL = 327272 kgm

= 3272718 Nm

c. Beban hidup (live load)

Koefisien kejut = 1.0008

8400
Beban garis, p = 1.0008 x x 1.829 = 5590.1 kg
2.75
1540
Beban terbagi merata,q = x 1.829 = 1024.03 kg/m
2.75

Wheel

Pavement
2%

2.855

A 1.281 x 2.855
A =
1.435 2
= 1.8286 m2

1.281
Gambar 5.7 Momen influence line of girde

d. Momen lentur akibat beban hidup

x x
Mx (P) = P.L 1 -
L L
1 x x
Mx (q) q.L2 1
= 2 L - L

Momen pada potongan 1, x = 2 m(M1.LL)

 Mx(P) = 5590 x 24.80 x 2 = 10278 kgm
24.8 1 -
2
1 2 2
Mx(q) = x 1024.03 x 24.80 1 - = 23348 kgm
2

M1.LL = 33626 kgm

= 336264 Nm

Momen pada potongan 2, x = 4 m(M2.LL)

41 - 4
Mx(P)= 5590 x24.80x = 18754kgm
24.8 24.8
= 1x 1024.03 x 24.80 2 41 - 4
Mx(q) = 42600kgm
2 24.8 24.8
M2.LL 61353 kgm
=
613534 Nm
=

Momen pada potongan 3, x = 6 m(M3.LL)

61 - 6
Mx(P)= 5590 x24.80x = 25426kgm
24.8 24.8
= 1x 1024.03 2 61 - 6
Mx(q) x 24.80 = 57755kgm
2 24.8 24.8
M3.LL 83181 kgm
=
831811 Nm
=

Momen pada potongan 4, x = 8 m(M4.LL)

81 - 8
Mx(P)= 5590 x24.80x = 30294kgm
24.8 24.8
= 1x 1024.03 2 81 - 8
Mx(q) x 24.80 = 68815kgm
2 24.8 24.8
M4.LL
99109 kgm
=

= 991094 Nm

Momen pada potongan 5, x = 10 m(M5.LL)

10 1 - 10
Mx(P)= 5590 x24.80x = 33360kgm
24.8 24.8
= 1x 1024.03 x 24.80 2 10 1 - 10
Mx(q) = 75778kgm
2 24.8 24.8
M5.LL 109138 kgm
=

= 1091383 Nm

Momen pada potongan 6, x = 12 m(M6.LL)

12 1 - 12
Mx(P)= 5590 x24.80x = 34622 kgm
24.8 24.8
= 1x 1024.03 x 24.80 2 12 1 - 12
Mx(q) = 78646 kgm
2 24.8 24.8
M6.LL 113268 kgm

=
 = 1132679 Nm

Tabel 5.2 Momen lentur total (Nm)

Pembebanan M.1 M.2 M.3 M.4 M.5 M.6
Beban mati, DL 972120 1773069 2403603 2863723 3153428 3272718
Beban hidup,LL 336264 613534.34 831811 991093.9 1091383 1132678.8
Total 1308384 2386603 3235414 3854817 4244811 4405397

e. Momen pada tumpuan

1 1
Ms = M max = x 4405397 = 1468466 Nm
3 3

2518
2480
140 200200200200200200200200200200200 140
7575

300/60
0

450 x
1.150
200 20 200200200 238
413 0 41 41 41 41 413
3 3 3 3
Gambar 5.8. sektion of girder for bending momen

f. Gaya geser (shearing force )

Beban mati terbagi merata = 1/2 x 4260.367 x 24.80 = 52828.55 kg
Balok melintang = 2.5 x 216.00 = 540 kg
Beban hidup garis P = 1/2 x 5590.054 = 2795.03 kg
Beban hidup terbagi merata, q = 1/2 x 1024.031 x 16.5 = 8448.26 kg
V = 64611.84 kg 646118.40 N

g. Perhitungan baja tulangan

Pada tumpuan
M support = 1468465.61 Nm
V = 646118.40 N
b = 450 mm
h = 1150 mm
d = 1150 - 60 = 1090 mm

M u
k = 1468465.613 x 10 3
= 3.433 Mpa
=
ɸ bd 2 0.8 x 450 1090 2

x
ρ = 1 - - 2k 2 x3.433
0.85 f c' 0.85 x 20
= 1
perlu -1-
fy 0.85 f 300 0.85 x20
= 0.06 x 1 - 1 - 0.40 '
c

= 0.06 x 0.228

=
ρ = 0.0129
min 1.4 1.4
= =
yf 300
 0.005
ρ perlu < ρ min
0.005
=
 2289.00 mm
2
As = ρ bd = 0.005 x 450 x 1090 =

Dipakai baja tulangan 5ɸ30 (As = 3402.345 mm 2)

NT=ND

Asfy 3402.3448 x 300

a = = = 133.43 mm
0.85 f c' b 0.85 x 20 x 450

a 133.43
c = = = 156.9709 mm
β1 0.85

d-c 1090 - 156.97

fs = 600 x = 600 = 3566.3766 Mpa > f y Oke
c x 156.97

a 133.4
Mn = Asfy d - = 3402.3448 x 300 x 1090 -
2 2
= 1044472937.84 Nmm = 1044472.938 Nm

Mn
= 1.567 Oke
Mu

Perencanaan tulangan geser :

V u = 646118.40 N
Vc = 1/3 f c' .bd = 1/3 20 x 450 x 1090 = 731194.229 N
1/2 V c =
ɸ 1/2 x 0.6 x 731194.229 = 219358.269 N >Vu
(Teoritis tidak perlu
sengkang)

Walaupun secara teoritis tidak perlu sengkang tetapi untuk kestabilan struktur dan peraturan
mensyaratkan dipasang tulangan minimum (spasi maksimum),
S maksimum = 1 d = 1 x 450 = 225 mm
2 2
atau
S maksimum = 600

digunakan spasi 225 mm , dengan luas tulangan minimum

= :
A v min = 1/3 f c' .bs 1/3 20 x 450 x 225
= = 503.1153 mm 2
fy 300

Dipakai tulangan ɸ12 mm (Av = 226.195 mm2), maka jarak sengkang :

s = Avf y
= 226.195 x 300
= 101.16 mm
1/3 f c' .b 1/3 20 x 450
Jadi dipakai tulangan ɸ 12-150 mm untuk geser, dan 5 ɸ 30 untuk lentur.
Pada potongan I
M 1 = 716100 N.m
 2000

hf = 200

d =1060 h= 1150 mm

ds = 90 mm

bw = 450

Lebar efektif balok (b), dipilih yang terkecil diantaranya :

b = 1/4 x L = 1/4 x 25332.084 = 6333.021 mm
b = b w + 16 h f = 450 + 16 x 200 = 3650 mm
b = jarak p.k.p = 2000 mm

Kontrol penampang balok-T :

Dianggap seluruh flens menerima desakan sepenuhnya.
200
M nf = 0.85 f c' b h f d - hf
= 0.85 x 20 x 2000 x 200 1060 - 2
2
= 6528000000 =
6528000 x 103 Nm
M nf > M 1, maka balok berperilaku sebagai balok-T persegi,
M u1
k = = 716100 x 10 3 = 1.770 Mpa
ɸ bd 2 0.8 x 450 x 1060 2

ρ = 0.85 f 2k 0.85 x 20 2 x 1.770

1 - 1 - = 1
' -1-
c
200
perlu
fy 0.85 f c' 0.85 x20
= 0.09 x 1 - - 0.21
= 0.09 x 0.110
= 0.0094

ρ min 1.4 1.4

= = = 0.007
fy 200
ρ perlu < ρ min ρ = 0.0094

As =
4468.53 mm
2
ρbd = 0.009 x 450 x 1060 =

Dipakai baja tulangan 6ɸ30 (As = 4241.150

NT=ND mm 2)

Asfy 4241.150 x 200

a = = = 110.88 mm
0.85 f c' 0.85 x 20 x 450
b

a
c = = 110.88
β1 130.447 mm
0.85

=
 d- c 1060 - 130.45
fs = 600 x = 600 x = 4275.5526 Mpa > f y Oke
c 130.447
a
Mn =Asfyd- = 110.880
2 4241.15 x 200 x 1060
2
-
 = 852098039.68 Nmm = 852098.0397 Nm

Mn
= 1.190 Oke
Mu

Cek daktilitas tulangan :

As 0.51 d
max = 0.0319 h f b+ -1
bw hf

= 0.0319 x 200 2000 +

0.51 x 1060
450 200.000 - 1
= 6.380 2450 2.703 - 1
= 26619.593 mm 2
A = ρ bd = 0.007 x 450 x 1060 = 3339.000 mm 2
s min min

Dengan demikian penampang balokmemenuhi syarat daktilitas,

Pada potongan 4
M 4 = 1688470 N.m < 6528 x 10 3
Perilaku balok sebagai balok - T persegi.
M u1
k = = 1688470 x 10 3 = 3.929 Mpa
ɸ bd 2 0.85 x 450 x 1060 2

ρ = 0.85 f 2k 0.85 x 20 2 x 3.929

1 - 1 - = 1
' -1-
perlu
c
200
fy 0.85 f c' 0.85 x20
= 0.09 x 1 - - 0.46
= 0.09 x 0.267
= 0.0227

ρ min 1.4 1.4

= = = 0.007
fy 200
0.85 f c'. β 1 600
ρ max = 0.75
fy 600 + fy
0.85 x 20 x 0.85
= 0.75 x 600

= 0.0406 200 600 + 200

ρ perlu < ρ min < ρ max ρ 0.0227
=
As = mm 2
ρbd = 0.023 x 450 x 1060 = 10811.42

Dipakai baja tulangan 16ɸ30 (As = 11309.734 mm 2)

NT=ND

Asfy 11309.734 x 200

a = = = 295.68 mm
0.85 f c' 0.85 x 20 x 450
b

a 295.68
c = = = 347.858 mm
β1 0.85

d-c 1060 - 347.86

fs = 600 x = 600 = 1228.3321 Mpa > f y Oke
c x 347.858
 a 295.679
Mn = Asfy d - = 11309.734 x 200 x 1060 -
2 2
 = 2063258161.85 Nmm = 2063258.162 Nm

Mn
= 1.22 Oke
Mu

Tulangan disusun 4 lapis

d aktual = 1150 - 40 - 25 x 2 = 1060 mm Oke