Narrative Text

Deskripsi Singkat Materi

Anda tentu pernah mendengar cerita atau dongeng yang mungkin diceritakan
oleh nenek atau kakek tentang asal usul kejadian suatu tempat atau sering
dikatakan cerita legenda rakyat, tentu menyenangkan, bukan? Anda juga tentu
pernah ditanya tentang “Malin Kundang”, “Danau Toba”, “Cinderela” dan banyak
cerita lainnya. Bagaimana cerita-cerita tersebut menurut pendapat Anda,
menarikkah?

Terkait dengan cerita rakyat tersebut. Perhatikan cuplikan kalimat

berikut:
A : “Have you ever heard a story about The Green Princess?”
B : “Oh, yeah, I once heard the story from a tour guide when I visited the
Maimoon Palace in Medan, North Sumatera. It was such a wonderful story
that made my imagination went back through the time. The guide was very
good at telling the story.”

Menurut Anda apakah jawaban yang diberikan merupakan cerita Narrative? Tepat
sekali! Jawaban tersebut mengisahkan tentang cerita rakyat yang tujuannya
menghibur pendengar atau pembaca, dengan kalimat menggunakan keterangan
waktu masa lalu (past tense)

Narrative text adalah jenis teks yang menghubungkan rangkaian kejadian dan
berisi tentang cerita fiksi maupun non fiksi. Dua bentuk teks tersebut menggunakan
bahasa imajinatif dan mengekspresikan emosi. Tujuan teks Narrative adalah untuk
menghibur pembaca dan menceritakan kisah yang terjadi di masa lampau. Ada
beberapa jenis teks Narrative antara lain: legend, fairy tale, fable, folk tales.
Fungsi Sosial teks Narrative:
Menghibur
Memberi pelajaran atau informasi
Merubah opini sosial
Narrative memiliki beberapa jenis yang perlu Anda pahami. Berikut penjelasannya.

Fable atau fabel

merupakan cerita yang berkisah mengenai binatang. Contoh, The Ugly Duckling,
The Country of the Mice, A Bear and A Rabbit, The Cat and The Rat, The Greedy
Monkey, A Fox and A Little Bird, The Mouse Deer and Crocodile dan lain
sebagainya

Myth atau mitos

merupakan cerita mitos / mite yang berkembang pada masyarakat serta umumnya
dianggap sebagai cerita faktual atau benar-benar terjadi. Contohnya Aji Saka and
Dewata Cengkar.

Legend atau legenda,

adalah cerita yang mengisahkan mengenai bagaimana asal usul suatu
tempat. The Legend of Surabaya, The Legend of Candi Prambanan, Story of Lake
Toba.

Folktale/ folklore/ cerita rakyat

merupakan cerita yang diturunkan secara turun temurun hingga menjadi bagian
tradisi masyarakat. Contohnya Malin Kundang, Golden eggs.

Fairy tales atau dongeng

adalah cerita rakyat atau cerita kanak-kanak yang memiliki keajaiban dalam kisah
yang diceritakan oleh penulisnya. Contohnya Timun Mas, Tinker Bell, Tumbelina.

Ciri-Ciri Narrative Text

Setelah mengetahui pengertian serta jenis-jenis narrative text, Anda perlu
mengetahui ciri-ciri dari narrative text, berikut ciri-cirinya.

1. Menggunakan bentuk tenses Past Tense atau penanda waktu masa

lampau, sehingga Verb atau kata kerjanya menggunakan Verb 2 atau kata
kerja dalam bentuk kedua (V2).
Misalnya :

V1 V2
Walk Walked
Say Said
Eat Ate
Take a bath Took a bath dsb
 2. Menggunakan Nouns (kata benda) tertentu sebagai kata ganti orang, hewan
dan benda tertentu dalam cerita. Misalnya : the princess, the girl, the queen,
dsb.
3. Menggunakan Adjectives yang membentuk noun phrase. Misalnya : The red
riding hood, the poisoned apple, dsb.
4. Menggunakan Time Connectives dan Conjunctions untuk mengurutkan
kejadian-kejadian. Misalnya : before, after, then, next,soon, dsb.
5. Menggunakan Adverbs dan Adverbial Phrase untuk menunjukkan lokasi
kejadian atau peristiwa. Misalnya : on the sea, in the mountain, there,
happily ever after, dsb
6. Narrative text menceritakan mengenai kisah yang ada di masa lalu.
7. Biasanya merupakan cerita-cerita yang sudah banyak diketahui oleh orang
serta berkembang di masyarakat. Contohnya seperti The Rabbit and The
Turtle, Malin Kundang dan lain sebagainya.
8. Unsur cerita narrative text terdiri atas setting waktu, tempat, tema cerita,
tokoh, suasana, konflik serta penyelesaian.

Unsur Kebahasaan Narrative Text

Narrative text juga memiliki unsur kebahasaan atau language feature yang terdiri
atas 7 unsur sebagai berikut.

1. Menggunakan past tense, contohnya dengan menggunakan verb 2

seperti killed, walked, sent, went, said, dan lainnya.
2. Menggunakan keterangan waktu atau adverb of time, contohnya when,
suddenly, before, until, soon.
Adverbs and adverbial phrases menerangkan tempat dan waktu kejadian
seperti once upon a time, long time ago.

3. Menggunakan konjungsi waktu atau time conjunction, contohnya after,

as soon as, then.
4. Menggunakan karakter spesifik atau specific character, contohnya
Aladin, Rapunzel, Cinderella.
5. Kata kerja aksi atau action verbs, contohnya walked, wrote, bought,
talked.
6. Menggunakan direct speech atau kalimat langsung yang menggunakan
present tense, contohnya Aladin say, “she is the one”
7. Menggunakan saying and thinking verb atau kata kerja yang
menunjukan ujaran, contohnya told, said, thought.
8. Menggunakan Direct speech. Kalimat ujaran langsung dalam present
tense (Snow White said,”My name is Snow White)

Generic Structure of Narrative Text

Narrative text memiliki tiga unsur utama yang harus ada dalam sebuah cerita
narrative text, berikut penjelasannya.Orientation, merupakan paragraf awal yang
berisi mengenai perkenalan tokoh yang terlibat dalam suatu kejadian dalam cerita.
Selain itu orientation berisi tempat kejadian serta waktu cerita. (who, when, what, and
where).
 Complication, (problem arises followed by other problem):
terdiri atas paragraf yang menjelaskan mengenai awal mula peristiwa atau
kejadian. Awal mula peristiwa tersebut menjadi rentetan alur cerita yang
kemudian berlanjut pada konflik, klimaks serta anti klimaks.
 Resolution, merupakan bagian akhir cerita. Krisis menurun biasanya ke arah
yang lebih baik namun dapat pula lebih buruk.
Sesuai namanya, pada struktur ketiga dari narrative text ini berisi
penyelesaian.

 Reorientation (optional)
merupakan kesimpulan di akhir cerita, akhir yang membahagiakan /akhir yang
menyedihkan, Umumnya, reorientation berisi pesan moral, saran, atau
amanah dari penulis.

Berikut contoh teks narrative mengenai sebuah legenda Putri Hijau di daerah Melayu Deli
Sumatera Utara, baca dengan suara teks di bawah ini, kemudian amati dan tentukan
(tempatkan posisi text kedalam table dan beri warna dimana perlu):
1. Social Function
2. Text structure
3. Language features (Simple Past tense , Noun phrase, time connectives dan
conjunctions, adverbs and adverbial phrases, action verbs, saying and thinking verbs)

In days of yore, when Shah Mukhayat Sultan of Aceh was resting in the palace,
suddenly he saw a green light from the East. The Sultan immediately called his vizier and
asked what the light was. The vizier was also shocked and could not answer the Sultan's
question. Only the next morning a Sultan's confidant was sent to investigate the light. The
results of the investigation were said that the light came from the body of the Green Princess
in the Old Deli. It was said that the princess was the daughter of the Deli Kingdom - Sultan
Sulaiman. When he died, he left three children. The eldest was named Mambang Jazid, the
second was Putri Hijau (The Green Princess), and the last one was Mambang Khayali. The
sons and daughter of Sultan Sulaiman were considered by his people as the incarnation of
the gods. They were adored as magical people. The Green Princess herself was a
beautifulwoman. She was called the Green Princess because her body always emitted a
green light, especially if she was playing in the park during the full moon.
Having heard the story, Sultan Mukhayat Syah then fell in love, even though the
Sultan had never seen the princess' face before. Having feeling infatuated to the Princess,
he, accompanied by his bodyguards, left for Deli to propose the daughter of the Old Deli
Kingdom.
Upon arrival in Labuhan, the Sultan immediately sent a courier. Jazid had passionate
spirits, and told her about the Sultan’s wish to marry the graceful Putri Hijau. However, Putri
Hijau rejected Sultan Mukhayat Syah's proposal. Of course the refusal made Sultan very
angry and felt humiliated. Feeling disappointed, He challenged a war. The War ensued and
many of his soldiers were killed in the battle.
Finally, the Prime Minister of Aceh discovered a trick, which was thought to be able
to defeat the Deli Tua soldiers. The ruse took the form of shooting ringgit money at the
enemy camps, in the form of clumps of thorny bamboo that were tightly surrounding the
town of Deli Tua. Seeing the ringgit money, the people of Deli Tua, without thinking
anymore, immediately cut and cut down the thorny bamboo clumps. As a result, the defense
of the city of Deli Tua was destroyed. It was difficult for them to withstand the attack of
Sultan Mukhayat Syah's army.

To withstand further attacks, Mambang Khayali transformed himself into a cannon

that could shoot at the enemy. However, while the battle was raging fiercely, he felt very
thirsty. He asked the Green Princess for a drink, but his request was denied. According to
the Green Princess, it could be dangerous. As a result, his joints felt weak, while he
continued to spit out his cannon. Suddenly his body broke in two. The head cannon was
bouncing up to Aceh, while the rear remained at the Deli.
Mambang Jazid had the feeling that they would lose the war. He said to Putri Hijau
“if you are to be taken prisoner by the Sultan of Aceh, sooner, ask the Sultan to place you in
a glass coffin, and Sultan cannot touch you before arriving in Aceh. On arrival in Aceh, you
beg the Sultan to order his people to bring offerings each of a chicken egg and a handful
of rice (white rice). All these offerings must be piled on the shore. After the ceremony is over,
the lump must be thrown into the sea.” He continued saying “At that time you get out of the
glass coffin, burn the incense while calling out my name Mambang Jazid.” After leaving that
last message, Mambang Jazid disappeared magically.
What Mambang Jazid predicted came true, Putri Hijau was under arrest then taken
as prisoner to the Kingdom of Aceh. Before departing to Aceh, she immediately proposed
the conditions as ordered by Mambang Jazid. Sultan Mukhayat Syah granted it. In Aceh the
king's ship docked in front of Tanjung Jambu Air. The Sultan ordered his people to hold an
offering ceremony as begged by Putri Hijau. All the people fulfilled what she asked.
After the ceremony, Putri Hijau was seen coming out of her glass coffin. In a puff of
incense smoke, Putri Hijau mentioned her brother's name. All of sudden there was a gale
and heavy rain accompanied by lightning, and the waves were very high and strong. The
world was almost doomed. Suddenly came a giant dragon of the waves and the boat went
straight to the Sultan. He hit the ship with its tail until the ship split into two and sank
immediately. Sultan Mukhayat Syah was safe.
In the chaotic situation, the Green Princess immediately returned to her glass coffin
so that when the waves hit the ship, she could float on the sea. The Dragon immediately slid
closer to the coffin and lifted the coffin with his head and carried her to the Straits of
Malacca.
The movement was so fast that the Sultan could not do anything. He could only
dream, miss, and remember the Green Princess who was already his, but then, disappeared
forever.
Source : http://dongeng1001cerita.blogspot.com/2013/10/legenda-putri-hijau.html

Discussion:

Look at the example then do the rest for the language features:
Generic The text Language features
structure
In days of yore, when Shah Mukhayat Sultan of Shown in color
Aceh was resting in the palace, suddenly he saw
a green light from the East. The Sultan Simple Past tense :
immediately called his vizier and asked what the
light was. The vizier was also shocked and could
not answer the Sultan's question. Only the next Noun phrase
morning a Sultan's confidant was sent to
investigate the light. The results of the Time connectives dan
investigation said that the light came from the conjunctions
body of the Green Princess in the Old Deli. It was Adverbs and adverbial
said that the princess was the daughter of the phrases:
Deli Kingdom - Sultan Sulaiman. When he died, Action verbs
 he left three children. The eldest was named
Mambang Jazid, the second was Putri Hijau (The Saying and thinking
Green Princess), and the last one was Mambang verbs :
Khayali. The sons and daughter of Sultan
Sulaiman were considered by his people as the
Orientation incarnation of the gods. They were adored as
magical people. The Green Princess herself was a
beautiful woman. She was called the Green
Princess because her body always emitted a
green light, especially if she was playing in the
park during the full moon.
Having heard the story, Sultan Mukhayat Syah
then fell in love, even though the Sultan had never
seen the princess' face before. Having feeling
infatuated to the Princess, he, accompanied by his
bodyguards, left for Deli to propose the daughter
Complication of the Old Deli Kingdom.
…
In the chaotic situation, the Green Princess
immediately returned to her glass coffin so that
paragraph 2 - 8 when the waves hit the ship, she could float on
the sea. The Dragon immediately slid closer to the
coffin and lifted the coffin with his head and
carried her to the Straits of Malacca. The
movement was so fast that the Sultan could not
do anything.
In the chaotic situation, the Green Princess
immediately returned to her glass coffin so that
when the waves hit the ship, she could float on
the sea. The Dragon immediately slid closer to the
Resolution coffin and lifted the coffin with his head and
carried her to the Straits of Malacca. The
movement was so fast that the Sultan could not
do anything
He could only dream, miss, and remember the
Reorientation Green Princess who was already his, but then,
disappeared forever

CONTOH TEXT NARRATIVE

LEGEND
The Legend of Tangkuban Perahu Mountain
Once, there was a kingdom in Priangan Land. Lived a happy family. They were a father in form of
dog,his name is Tumang, a mother which was called is Dayang Sumbi, and a child which was called
Sangkuriang.
One day, Dayang Sumbi asked her son to go hunting with his lovely dog, Tumang. After hunting all
day, Sangkuriang began desperate and worried because he hunted no deer. Then he thought to shot
his own dog. Then he took the dog liver and carried home.
Soon Dayang Sumbi found out that it was not deer lever but Tumang’s, his own dog. So, She was
very angry and hit Sangkuriang’s head. In that incident, Sangkuriang got wounded and scar then cast
away from their home.
Years go by, Sangkuriang had travel many places and finally arrived at a village. He met a beautiful
woman and felt in love with her. When they were discussing their wedding plans, The woman looked
at the wound in Sangkuriang’s head. It matched to her son’s wound who had left severall years earlier.
Soon she realized that she felt in love with her own son.
She couldn’t marry him but how to say it. Then, she found the way. She needed a lake and a boat for
celebrating their wedding day. Sangkuriang had to make them in one night. He built a lake. With a
dawn just moment away and the boat was almost complete. Dayang Sumbi had to stop it. Then, she
lit up the eastern horizon with flashes of light. It made the cock crowed for a new day.
Sangkuriang failed to marry her. She was very angry and kicked the boat. It felt over and became the
mountain of Tangkuban Perahu Bandung.

Malin Kundang

Once upon a time in a small village, lived a mother and his boy named Malin Kundang. Malin was a
diligent son. His mother loved him so much.
One day, a big ship stopped by at the harbor near the village. They asked the villagers to join the
company and work at the ship. Malin asked his mother to allow him to join the ship. The mother could
not do anything but let him go. She actually wanted Malin to work near the village.
“Do not forget me, Malin. I will miss you so much. Come to visit me sometimes, okay Son?”, asked
the mother with teary eyes.
“Yes, mother. I will always remember you. I’ll be back with a wad of money in my pocket. I’ll buy you
a new house, bigger than ours,” said Malin and hugged his mother.
Malin waved his mother from the ship. His mother waved back and cried.
Several years later, a big ship landed near the village. Malin’s mother came to check whether or not
Malin was there. From a distance, she saw a man in bllack walked out the ship. He was holding
hands with a woman who was his wife. That man was Malin, her son.
“Malin, my son. I have missed you for every second in my life. After years, finally you come. Is she
your wife?,” said the mother.
Malin looked at the mother but ignored her anyway. He was embarrassed to admit that the woman
in front of him was his mother. He was afraid his wife would leave him if she knew he used to live in
this village.
“Who are you? I do not know you. Stay away from me and my wife,” shouted Malin to his mother.
What Malin said to her broke her heart. She did not expect Malin to treat her this way. She got so
angry and cursed him to become a stone. Suddenly, the sky turned into grey and the storm hit the
island.
Malin Kundang was filled with fear when he felt a strong wind. Then, he bowed to his mother to say
sorry. However, before he could finish his apology, his body turned into a stone.

Moral of the story: Behave well to your mother. She is the one who gave birth to us.

FAIRY TALES
 Pinocchio the Puppet
Long time ago, there was an old carpenter named Gepetto who carved a puppet in the shape
of a boy. This puppet is called Pinocchio. Gepetto wanted Pinocchio to be a living thing. A fairy
heard his wish and fulfilled it.
“Pinocchio, I will turn you into a real boy. But, promise me you will be a good one. You have to
respect Gepetto,” told the fairy to Pinocchio.
“I will be a good boy and respect Gepetto,” repeated Pinocchio.
The next day, Gepetto was joyful to see Pinocchio alive. He taught him to speak, walk, and
read just like a human. After that, he studied at elementary school. However, he got bored of
going to school everyday. He decided to go to a circus and it made him late to come home.
“Why do you come home so late, Pinocchio?” asked the carpenter
“I got a lot of assignments in school. I have to finish it with my friends,” answered Pinocchio.
However, Pinocchio’s nose grew longer indicating he was lying.
The next day, Pinocchio was kidnapped by the circus owner. The owner made Pinocchio as
one of the performers because people loved to see a talking puppet. Gepetto worried about
him and began to search for him anywhere. When he was looking for Pinocchio at the sea, a
big wave smashed and a whale swallowed him.
Pinocchio finally escaped from the circus. He then heard that Gepetto the carpenter was
swallowed by a whale. He directly went to the sea and got swallowed by the same whale.
Pinocchio was happy to see the carpenter, and so did Gepetto. They both planned to go out
from the whale’s stomach.
The whale sneezed because of the tickling, and both carpenter and Pinocchio got out and went
home safely. From that day, Pinocchio turned into a real good boy.

Moral of the story: Be honest and respect your parents. Love them while they are here.

Contoh Narrative Text Folktale

Timun Mas
Once upon a time, lived a spouse in a quiet village. They had been married for a long time but
did not have children yet. They tried many ways to make the wife pregnant, but nothing worked.
On a gloomy day, the wife went to the forest to get some wood.
“I would not feel lonely if I have a kid. My kid would have accompanied me anywhere,” said the
wife to herself.
She sat on a rock and started to cry, “I did not ask for anything else. I just want a child.”
“Why are you crying, human?” greeted a giant to the wife.
The wife was shocked for a while, but then she told everything to the giant. She explained that
she and her husband wanted to have a child so bad. The giant said that he could grant her
wish. He could give her a baby girl but when the baby turned sixteen years old, the giant would
take her back. The wife rashly agreed to the request.
The giant gave her a cucumber seed and told the wife to plant it in her yard.
“There will be a baby inside the cucumber,” said the giant to the wife.
The wife went home and told everything to her husband. They did what the giant said.
The next morning, a cucumber grew. They cut it open and found a baby. The husband and wife
could not believe what they saw. They took the baby and named her Timun Mas.
Days had passed, the baby girl grew into a beautiful lady. She was sixteen. The wife
remembered the promise she made with the giant. She told Timun Mas to go to the forest and
hide there. She gave her a bag of magic salt.
“Don’t forget to throw the salt when the giant chases you,” cried the wife to Timun Mas.
Not long after that, the giant came and asked the spouse for Timun Mas. They refused to tell
the giant about Timun Mas. The giant was angry and went to the forest.
“Timun Mas!!!!! Timun Mas!!!!” screamed the giant.
Timun Mas heard the giant’s voice and ran as fast as she could. However, the giant found her.
She remembered what her mother told her to do. She threw the salt to the ground and the forest
turned into a muddy field. The mud swallowed the giant.
Finally, Timun Mas could go back to her house and live happily with the spouse.

Moral of the story: There are two things that we can learn from this story. First, do not promise
something if you cannot keep one. Second, be brave just like when Timun Mas faced the giant.