Narrative Text

A. Definition

Narrative Text merupakan sebuah jenis teks yang menceritakan suatu cerita khayal/ fiktif dengan
tujuan menghibur secara kronologis yang saling berkaitan.

B. Generic Structure (Struktur Umum)

 Orientasi: Pada bagian ini berisi paragraph pembuka yang mana karakter cerita mulai diperkenalkan.
(Berisi mengenai tempat, tokoh, serta waktu membaca cerita, siapa dan juga kapan)
 Komplikasi: Bagian masalah dalam cerita mulai berkembang. (Permasalahan mulai muncul atau mulai
terjadi serta mulai berkembang)
 Resolusi: Bagian masalah dalam cerita mulai diselesaikan. Masalah selesai, baik secara “happy ending”
bahagia maupun “bad ending” atau buruk.
 Coda/ reorientasi (opsional): Bagian yang menjelaskan pelajaran yang dapat dipetik dari cerita.

C. Unsur Kebahasaan (The Characteristics/ Language Feature)

 Past tense: (Killed, drunk, went, won, sent, etc)(terbunuh, mabuk, pergi, menang, mengirim, dll).
 Keterangan waktu (Adverb of time): (Once upon a time, today, one day, will, yesterday, later, etc) (Pada
suatu waktu, hari ini, suatu hari, akan, kemaren, nanti, dll).
 Konjungsi waktu (Time conjunction): (When, then, suddenly, before, after, until, a soon as, etc) (kapan,
kemudian, tiba-tiba, sebelum, sesudah, sampai, segera, dll).
 Karakter spesifik (Specific character)/ penggunaan karakter cerita yang spesifik, bukan umum.
(Cinderella, Alibaba, Putri Salju, Tangled, Ariel, dll)
 Kata kerja aksi (Action verbs)/ kata kerja yang menunjukkan suatu tindakan: (Killed, walked, wrote,
stayed, dug, etc) (terbunuh, berjalan, menulis, tinggal, digali, dll)
 Membacakan pidato langsung untuk membuat ceritanya seakan lebih hidup (Direct speech). (Princess
said,”My name is Princess) (Princess berkata, “Namaku Princess). Pidato langsung memakai present tense.
 Saying and thinking verb: Kata kerja yang menunjukan ujaran atau pelaporan. (Said, told, thought, etc)
(berkata, bercerita, berpikir, dll).

D. Ciri-Ciri

1. Narrative Text menceritakan kisah di masa lalu.

2. Memakai noun (kata benda) untuk menggantikan kata ganti hewan, orang, atau benda dalam cerita. (The
dwarfs, Carriage, etc) (Kurcaci, Gerbong, dll).
 3. Lebih merupakan cerita rakyat atau sudah diketahui dan berkembang pada masyarakat sebagai cerita
bersama meski dapat diceritakan secara ulang dalam versi cerita yang berbeda. (Malin Kundang/ Indonesia:
Tanggang/ Malaysia)
4. Unsur cerita terdiri atas setting waktu serta tempat, tema cerita, tokoh cerita, suasana cerita, konflik serta
penyelesaian.
5. Bisa disusun kedalam sebuah sekuen sederhana maupun tersusun dari beberapa sekuen yang kompleks.
Sekuen merupakan rentetan pernyataan yang pelaksanaan eksekusinya secara urut/ runtut. Yang lebih
dahulu ditemukan akan dikerjakan terlebih dulu serta jika urutan pernyataan dibalik maka akan memiliki
arti yang berbeda.

E. Jenis

1. Fable (fabel): Cerita yang mengisahkan mengenai binatang.

2. Myth (mite): Cerita atau mitos ini banyak berkembang pada masyarakat serta umumnya dianggap menjadi
cerita yang faktual atau benar – benar terjadi.
3. Legend (legenda): Cerita rakyat yang mengisahkan bagaimana asal usul dari sebuah tempat itu ada.
4. Folk tale (cerita rakyat): Cerita yang diceritakan secara turun temurun sehingga menjadi suatu bagian dari
tradisi masyarakat.
5. Fairy tales (dongeng): Cerita rakyat atau cerita anak – anak yang di dalamnya mengandung unsur
keajaiban/ ketidakmungkinan terhadap para tokoh ceritanya serta pada bagian akhir mengandung pesan
moral.
6. Love story: Cerita cinta lebih menegaskan tema ceritanya yang isinya perjuangan untuk memperoleh cinta
untuk si tokoh utama.
7. Selain itu juga ada jenis lain seperti: Science fiction, Horror, Mystery, History, Slice of life, Personal
experience, dll.

F. Narrative Text

1. Fable (Fabel)

The Mouse Deer And The Tiger

One day, there was a mouse deer. He was thirsty so he wanted to drink on the river.

When the mouse deer came next to the rive, a tiger approached him and wanted to eat him. Of course the mouse
deer tried to escape, but the tiger run faster and caught him.

In that dangerous situation the mouse deer thought hard how to escape the tiger. Then he got idea and said to the
tiger, “Listen! Your mightiness and toughness are all great! But I have my own king. He has a greater strength than
yours! I am sure that nobody can match his powers!” Because the tiger felt taunted, he declared that he would
challenge the mouse deer’s king.

Next the mouse lead the tiger to the river, and said, “Now Look at the water. You will see my king” Foolishly the
tiger looked in the river and surely saw another tiger in the water. Then he growled, but the tiger in the river imitated
to growl too. Because of his too high self pride, the tiger jumped into the water, and wanted to fight. He was
believing there was another tiger in the water.

The mouse deer took that opportunity to escape. After fighting with himself in the river, the tiger realized that he
was fooled by the mouse deer.

Struktur:

 Orientation: There were a tiger and mouse deer on the river bank.
 Complication: A tiger approached a mouse deer and wanted to eat the mouse deer.
 Resolution: The tiger finally realized that he was fooled by the mouse deer.

G. EXERCISES

The text for number 1-7

Snow White

Once upon a time there lived a little girl named Snow White. She lived with her aunt and uncle because her parents
were dead.

One day she heard her uncle and aunt talking about leaving Snow White in the castle because they both wanted to go
to America and they didn’t have enough money to take Snow White.

Snow White didn’t want her uncle and aunt to do that so she decided that it would be best if she ran away. The next
morning she ran away into the woods. She was very tired and hungry. Then she saw a little cottage. She knocked but
no one answered so she went inside and fell asleep.

Meanwhile, the seven dwarfs were coming home from work. There they found Snow White sleeping. Then Snow
White woke up. She saw the dwarfs.

The dwarfs said, “What is your name?”

Snow White said, “My name is Snow White.”

Then, Snow White told the dwarfs the whole story.

The dwarfs said, “If you want, you may live here with us.”

Snow White answered, “Oh, could I? Thank you.”

Finally, Snow White and the seven dwarfs lived happily ever after.

1. What type of the text is used by the witer?

a. narrative
b. report
c. anecdote
d. comparative
e. news item

2. To tell the plot, the writers uses…………..

a. a rhetorical question and an exclamation
b. time sequences
c. contrastive evidences
d. past tense
e. concessive conjunctions

3. Why Snow White ran away to the woods?

a. Her parents passed away
b. Her uncle was angry with her
c. Her uncle and aunt would go to America
d. Snow White was happy to run away
e. Snow White liked playing in the woods.

4. When did Snow White run away to the woods?

a. In the afternoon
b. In the morning
c. In the evening
d. In the full moon
e. In the middle of night

5. Where did Snow White live after she ran away to the woods?
a. She lived in the cave
b. She lived in the lion nest
c. She lived everywhere in the woods
d. She lived in the dwarfs’ cottage
e. She lived on the street

6. The communicative purpose of this text is…………..

a. to inform the readers about important and newsworthy events
b. to entertain readers with fairy tale
c. to share an account of an unusual event
d. to persuade readers to accept his/her opinions
e. to denote or propose something as the case

7. The organization of the text above is………….

a. abstract, orientatin, crisis, incident,coda
b. thesis, argument: plot-elaboration, argument: plot-elaboration, argument: plot-elaboration, conclusion
c. orientation, major complication, resolution, complication, resolution, complication, major complication
d. description, background events, sources
e. orientation, event, event, event

The text for number 8-10

RABBIT

Once upon a time, a rabbit wanted to cross a river but he could not swim. He had an idea. He saw a boss of crocodile
swimming in the river. The rabbit asked the boss of crocodile, "How many crocodiles are there in the river'?" The
boss of crocodile answered, "We are twenty here." "Where are they?" the rabbit asked for the second time. "What is
it for?" the boss of crocodile asked.

"All of you are good, nice, gentle and kind, so I want to make a line in order. Later I will know how kind you are,"
said the rabbit. Then, the boss of the crocodile called all his friends and asked them to make a line in order from one
side to the other side of the river. Just then, the rabbit started to count while jumping from one crocodile to another:
one ... two ... three ... four ... until twenty, and finally, he thanked all crocodiles because he had crossed the river.

(UN SMA 2007)

8. The story mainly tells us about........

       A. twenty crocodiles        

       B. the boss of the crocodile   

       C. a rabbit and twenty crocodiles     

       D. a rabbit and the boss of crocodile   

E. the boss of the crocodile and all his friends

9. We know from the first paragraph that the rabbit actually wanted   ........

       A. to cross the river            

       B. to swim across the river      

       C. to meet the boss of crocodile   

       D. to know where the crocodiles are          

       E. to know the number of crocodiles there

10. All of you are good, nice gentle, and kind ...."

       (Paragraph 2) The underlined word is synonymous with ........

       A. Wild           

       B. diligent    

       C. heerful            

       D. easygoing           

E. honourable

GOOD LUCK