MAKALAH:

16 TENSES, REGULER ,REGULER VERB AND STRUCTURE

Supervisor: Mayka Morina,S.Pd.I.,M.Pd.

Arranged by : Lara Sinta (220604090)

Sudent Number: (220604090)

FACULTY OF ISLAMIC ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS

ECONOMICS STUDY PROGRAM

AR-RANIRY STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY BANDA ACEH

2022/2023

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 KATA PENGANTAR

Puji syukur saya panjatkan kepada Allah SWT, karena berkat petunjuk dan bimbingan-Nya, saya
berhasil menyelesaikan makalah ini. Sholawat dan salam selalu tercurah kepada baginda
Rasulullah Muhammad saw, tak lupa saya ucapkan terimakasih kepada bapak dosen yang telah
membantu memberi arahan dan bimbingannya, hingga makalah ini dapat diselesaikan.

saya menyadari kekurangan dalam penyusunan makalah ini. Oleh karena itu, penulis sangat
mengharapkan adanya saran positif dan kritik yang membangun untuk penyempurnaan makalah
ini.

Penulis

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 CHAPTER I

PEMBAHASAN

A. Tenses

Tenses dalam bahasa inggris berarti time (waktu). Kata tenses berarti perubahan
kata kerja atau kumpulan kata yang digunakan untuk mengekspresikan hubungan waktu
dalam tata bahasa, tenses adalah bentuk kata kerja yang menunjukkan waktu terjadinya
suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa.

Urutan kata dasar bahasa indonesia mirip dengan bahasa inggris. Umumnya,
kalimat dimulai dengan subjek, diikuti oleh kata kerja (juga disebut predikat) dan
kemudia objek. Menunjukkan bentuk lampau atau masa depan hanya membutuhkan
memasukkan kata-kata yang menunjukkan waktu, dalam sistem yang sangat teratur.

Tenses terbagi menjadi 4:

1. Simple presesnt tenses

2. Simple past tenses
3. Simple future
4. Simple past future tenses

Enam belas (16) “TENSES” dalam bahasa inggris

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A. Simple present tenses

1. Definition simple tenses

Simple presesn tenses is one type of tenses, in outline simple means “Simple”
and presesn means “Now”. So, the simple present tenses is a sentence that states an
action or activity thet is takingplace/occurring at the present time in a simple form or
work that is done repeatedly, daily habits, events or actions that have nothing to do
with time. The simple present tenses is also used to express a fact or something that is
happening repeatedly in the present/now. It is said to be present because it is
happening now.

2. The characteristics of the simple present tenses

There are several characteristics in the simple present tenses sentence, namely:
 Shows activities that become habits
 State undeniable truths
 Expressing apologies, suggestion, making agreements and so on.

3. The function of the simple present tenses in its use, namely:

 To express habits, truths, general truths, repeating actions or unchanging
situations, emotons and desires.
 To give instructions or directions
 Expres fixed, present or future settings
 To express the future after some conjunctions: after, when, soon and until.
 Tell stories to make readers and listeners feel involved in the story.
4. Types of simple present tenses and exampless in
It’s implementation, simple presesnt tenses is divided into 2 (two), namely:
a. Nominal sentence
Nominal sentence are sentences whose predicate or verb does not express an
action but states the name, status, nature, condition and place. Usually in it’s
application, this nominal sentence uses to be (lingking to be) in the form is,
am, are (in present form).

Simple present tenses formula (nominal sentence):

a) Positive sentences: Subject + Tobe (Is, Am, Are) + Not + ANA

(Adjective, Noun, and Verb)
b) Negative sentences: Subject + Tobe (Is, Am, Are)+ Not + ANA
(Adjective, Noun and Verb)
c) Interrogative sentences: Tobe + Subject + ANA (Adjective, Noun and
Verb)?

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 Nominal sentence example:

a) Positive sentences: Subject + Tobe (Is, Am, Are) + Not + ANA

(Adjective, Noun and Verb)
 I am student
 We are hungry
 She is beautiful
b) Negative sentence: Subject + Tobe (Is, Am, Are) + Not + ANA
(Adjective, Noun and Verb)
 I am not student
 We are not hungry
 She is not beautiful
c) Interrogative sentenses: Tobe + Subject + ANA (Adjective, Noun and
Verb)
 Are you student?
Yes, I am
No, I am not
 Are they hungry?
Yes, they are
No, they are not
 Is she beautiful?
Yes, she is
No, she is not

From the example sentences above, all sentences do not contain verbs but
instead use tobe which is adjusted according to the tenses and the subject in the
sentence. And usually tobe is followed by a word other than a verb , vor example:
a noun such as student, soldier; adjectives such as: beautiful, clever and adverbs
such as: the classroom, the kitchen. So that the sentence is called a nominal
sentence.

b. Verbal sentences
Verbal sentences are sentences that express an event that becomes a habit
or done at certain times, in other words sentences that contain verbs (verb 1)
the predicate is a verb.
Simple present tenses formula (verbal sentence):
a) Positive sentence: Subject + Verb1 + Object
b) Negative sentences: Subject + Do/Does + Not + Verb1 + Object
c) Interrogative sentences: Do/Does + Subject + Verb 1?1

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Santi, Inez. 2009. ENGLISH FOR TEEN 2. Yogyakarta: C.V ANDI OFFSET. Hadianti, Afiyah. 2013
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 Example of verbal sentences:

a) Positive sentences: Subject + Verb1 + Object

 They play foot ball
 She speaks english fluently
 I drink coffee
b) Negative sentences: Subject + Do/Does + Not + Verb1 + Object
 We don’t play foot ball
 She doesn’t speak english fluently
 I don’t drink coffee
c) Interrogative sentences: Do/Does + Subject + Verb1?
 Do they play foot ball?
Yes, they do
No, they do not
 Does she speak english fluently?
Yes, she does
No, she does not
 Do you drink coffee?
Yes I do
No, I do not

From the example sentences above, we can conclude that all of the
sentences above use a verb as the predicate, namely: play, speak, drink, etc. so
that the sentences is called a verbal sentensec.2

B. Present continous tense

1. Definition of present continuous tenses

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Simanjuntak, herpinus, Bahasa Inggris Sistem 52M Jilid 3, Bekasi: Kesaint Blanc, 2008
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 Presen continuous tenses is a tense from that refers to an ongoing action now
or when the convercation is talking place. So, the action had already started and had
not ended while the convercation was taking place. This tense can also be used to
discribe an event that occurred briefly and/or that has occurred over a long period of
time.

This tense is also known as present progressive tense. Because this tense can
be used to describe an action that might or could be done in the future. In essence, the
present continuous tense shows an event or condition that is happening now, occurs
frequently and can be carried out or continued into the future.

The following is an example of a sentence in present continuous tense, which

is adjusted with the current situation:

1) The situation in which an event is taking place now

Example: Mr. Tony is making design of the house.
2) A situation in which an event is planned with certainty to occur in the future.
Example: The class will start at 8am tomorrow
3) A situation in which change or development is taking place for a long time.
Example: My parents is getting older.

Present continuous tenses formula:

The following is a formula that can be used to make sentences in present
continuous tense.
a) Positive sentences
Subject + Tobe (Am, Is, Are) + Verb-ing + Object
Example: She is doing her homework now
b) Negative sentences
Subject + Tobe + Not + Verb-ing + Object
Example: she is not doing her homework now
c) Interrogative sentences
Tobe + Subject + Verb-ing + Object
Example: Is she doing her homework now?

You can see the form of each thing that is needed or used in the formula as
well as several forms of the present continuous tense.

2. Adverb of time which is often used in present continuous tense to indicate a plan:
just, still, now, right now, at the moment and tomorrow.
Example:
 Abigail just left for london

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  Diandra still waiting for her scholarship announcement
 Tomorrow,I,II arrive in jakarta at 8am
 I,m eating my pizza now
3. Apart from that, this tense can also be used to describe an activity that becomes a
temporary routine by using adverbs of time such as this week, these dave this month,
etc.
Note:
1. Used to express an event that is currently taking place when another even
occurs. The present continuous tense only emphasizes “being”
 They are reading books when I enter the room
 She is cooking when her husband gets home
2. The existence of o or “object” does not have to exist,the sentence you want to
make is without using an object. For example:
 She is being angry
3. Wh questions to from a wh question, add the word wh (what, where, when,
etc), change the position of the subject and tobe and add a question
mark.example:
 When is she cooking in the kichen?
 Where is she cooking?
 Who is cooking in the kichen?
4. Verbs that express feelings or relate to the five senses, such as know, like,
mean, believe, feel, forget, hate, need, own, prefer, remember, seem and want
don’t need to add-ing. For example:
 I want to see the opera
 Aby hates her new dress
 I like sushi

C. Present perfect tense

1. Understanting

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 The present perfect tense is formed with a present tense form of “to have”plus
the past participle of the verb (which can be either regular or irregular in from).

Presen perfect tense (finish time now) is a tense used to express actions,
events, events that happened in the past and still have something to do with in now or
to indicate an event that is completed in a short time.

To from the present perfect tense sentences we need to know about:

 The shape of the auxiliary used in the present perfect tense is “to have”
present perfect tense is composed of subject, auxiliary (have/has) and the past
participle 9past tense verb froms III or III), for example:
1. I have eaten some food
2. You have gone to school
 Auxiliary verb is divided in two forms, namely:
1. Singular: I have, you have, she/he/is has
2. Plural: we have, you have, they have
 Past participle or verb in the present perfect tense is used verb III. Past
participle is divided in two parts:
1. Regullar verb, for example: talk = talked
2. Irregular verb, for example: go = gone

The present perfect tense is formed with the presen tense form of “to have” plus the past
participle of the verb (which can either regular or irregular in form). Present perfect tense
(time finished now) is a tense used to express actions, events, events that occurred in the
past and are still related to the present or to indicate an event that is complete in a short
time.

To from present perfect tense sentences we need to know about:

o The auxiliary form used in the present perfect tense is “to have”. Present perfect
tense consists of subject, auxiliary (have/has) and past participle (from III or verb
III). Auxiliary verb is divided in two forms, namely
a. Singular
b. plural
o Past participle or verb in the present perfect tense used is verb III. The past
participle is divided into two parts:
a. Regullar verb
b. Irragular verb

Functions

1. Present perfect tenses to express past events regardless of when exacly it happened.

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 2. Presen perfect tenses to show that an action occurs repeatedly times in the past (an
adverb of number may be used).
3. Present perfect tense to express activities or situations that started in the past and then
cotinued until now (not finished).
4. Present perfect tense to talk about the event thet just happened (the adverb “just” can
be used).

The difference between the simple past tense and the present perfect tenses.

Some differences between the simple past tense and present perfect tense by
looking at several factors:

1. Understanding
2. Time
3. Activity mode
4. Consequences

Formulas

The present perfect tense is formed with the auxiliary verb “have” or “has”, and the past
participle (verb-3).

Have is used for I, you, they, we, while has is for he, she, it, and the third person singular.
Meanwhile, the past participle can be a regular or irregular verb.

Thus the present perfect tense formula for positive, negative and interrogative sentenses
is as follows.

Formula:

(+) S + Aux. verb (have/has) + V-3/ past

(-) S + Aux. verb (have/has) + V-3/ past

(?) Aux. verb (have/has) + S + V3/past?

Exsample of sentences:

(+) I have read book

(-) I have not read book

(?) Have I read the book?

D. Present perfect continuous tense

1. Understanding

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 Presen perfect continuous tense declare an event, event and so on, which has
happened and is still taking place and even very likely will continue. From the to now
even later. The word “already” or “already” here could have been yesterday, 2 hours ago,
a century ago, it could also be a few minutes ago. The point is that the event to be carried
out in present continuous tense, it’s just that the emphasis is not on now, but at that time:
it was is still and will be happening.
For example:
o She has been learning english for 3 years
o I have been teaching english since last year
o They have been touring since yeesterday

All the underlined words show us that all these works and activities are still ongoing, and
may even continue again in the future.

2. Use of present perfect continuous tense

We use the present perfect continuous when we encounter a condition where an event
that has been happening for a long time has just stopped.
Formula:
(+) S + have/has + been + V-ing
(-) S + have/has + not + been + V-ing
(?) Have/has + S + been + V-ing?
Exsample of sentences:
(+) She has been learning english for 3 years
(-) She has not been learning english for 3 years
(?) Has she been learning english for 3 years?

3. Funtions and example of present prerfect tense sentences

After seeing examples in three different sentence patterns, we will now understand the
function and usage of these tenses. Come on, take a good look
1. Indicates a completed action
The present perfect continuous tense can be used to refer to a condition that was
completed at some point in the past, but which still has relevanse today. What is the
example sentense like?
o Mia has been competing in debate competitions recently.
o Misca has been eating a spicy rice bowl for her lunch since an hour ago.
2. Indicates recently completed actions
Are you familiar with the adverb “just”? well, apart from showing an action that was
completed in the past, the adverb “just” indicates that this tense can be used to
indicate a condition in which an action or event that just finished occurred. How
about an example sentense?
o Mother has just been cooking

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 o The air plane has just been landing in istanbul airport.
3. Shows an action that started in the past
This tense can also be used to express an action that started in the past but is still
ongoing. Example sentences as follows:
o I’ve been listening to music for an hour
o She has been riding to her hometown since this morning.

E. Simple past tense

1. Understanding simple past tense

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 The simple past tense is a tense that functions to show work that happened in the
past without wanting to emphasize that tha wrok was (perfect) or was (continuously)
being done. The understanding of this tense is almost the same as the simple present
tense. Only the time is different and it is often used in convercation and writing.

2. Formula simple past tense

Bicause this formula is simple (sederhana), then the formula is simple. We only
need verb-2 as absolute characteristics of the past tense formula. So the basic formula
for verbal sentences is: S + Verb-2, namely “was and were”. This tense is said tobe
simple because the simple past tense only wants to provide information about a job
that has happened in the past without wanting to show that the work is being done or
has been done.
Formula:
(+)S + Verb-2 + Object
(-) S + Dit + Not + Ver-1 + Object
(?) Did + S + Verb-1 + Object?
Example of sentences:
(+) she joined the english club class at school yesterday
(-) She did not join the english club class at school yesterday
(?) did she join the club clas at school yesterday?

3. Funtion simple past tense

1. Shows work that happened in the past without wanting to emphasize that work is
happening or has happened. If you are confused about the difference with the
present perfect tense because both have happened, please read the difference
Example:
o I knocked on your door last night but no one came out.
o Did you tell her that I was with my another girl friend last weekend?
2. Used in conditional sentense type 2.
Example:
o I wold invite you to go along with me if the car was not full at that time.
o If you did not cheat me, I wold be nice to you.
3. Being a sentence interrupting an ongoing work in the past (past continuous tense)
Example:
o She came into the class when the teacher was teaching.
o Last night I almost got an accident since a cat crossed in front of may car
when I was driving my car.
4. To describe work that happened in the past aften other events have fineshed
(sequential or chronological). The first occurrence usually used the past perfet
tense.

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Example:
o I had already gone out from that building before the bomb blew up.
o She had finished her job before I came.

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