GLJLKLN

O]AR JOT@L MLKLG HRKLG 0 JAIROV]_LK MLI HGVKHJLRHIXL

]OTNLMLV OJAIAGH

_ituj Gogoiunh ]ucls Gltl Jukhln Othjl Dhsihs

Masoi Voiclgpu 0

Vrae. Mr. N. Gunlgglm M`ljelr, RN., G.Lc

 IHMJ.>>44422=46

MHR_R_I AKON

Lbnglm Gu‘leh @l‘elr (<5?<668<)

@_T_RLI

GLIL@OGOI

ELJ_K]LR OJAIAGH

_IHUOTRH]LR HRKLG IOCOTH GL_KLIL GLKHJ HDTLNHG GLKLIC

464<
 Jltl Voiclitlr 

Moicli goiyodut ilgl Lkkln RS] ylic Glnl Voiclshn klch Glnl Voiylylic.
Jlgh pli`ltjli pu`l mli pu`h syujur ltls jonlmhrlt Lkkln RS] ylic
tokln gokhgplnjli rlnglt, nhmlyln, sortl hilyln-Iyl joplml jlgh, sonhiccl
jlgh mlplt

goiyokoslhjli gljlkln goicoilh Othjl Dhsihs.

Gljlkln hih tokln jlgh susui moicli gljshglk mli goimlplt dlituli mlrh
 dordlclh phnlj sonhiccl mlplt gogporkliblr pogdultli gljlkln hih. _ituj htu
jlgh goiylgplhjli dliylj torhgl jlshn joplml sogul phnlj ylic tokln dorjaitrhdush
mlklg
 pogdultli gljlkln hih.

Nlrlpli jlgh, sogacl gljlkln hih mlplt goilgdln poicotlnuli

mli
 poiclklgli dlch plrl pogdlbl. ]orkopls mlrh sogul htu, jlgh goiylmlrh sopoiuniyl
 dlnwl glshn lml jojurlicli mlrh soch susuili jlkhglt glupui tltl dlnlsliyl.
Akon jlroil htu, jlgh goganai glle mli moicli tlicli tordujl jlgh
goiorhgl soclkl jrhthj mli slrli mlrh pogdlbl lclr jlgh mlplt gogpordlhjh gljlkln
hih.

Glklic, << Eodrulrh 464<

Voiukhs
 Mletlr Hsh

Jltl Voiclitlr 4

Mletlr Hsh 2

DLD H Voimlnukuli

= Kltlr Dokljlic =

Tugusli Glslkln =

]u`uli ?

DLD HH Vogdlnlsli 5

Voicorthli Otas Jor`l  5

Jaisop Ihklh Otas Jor`l  3

Euicsh Otas Jor`l  >

Bhrh-bhrh Otas Jor`l  8

Jlrljtorhsthj Otas Jor`l  <=

Voiorlpli Otas Jor`l <5

DLD HHH Voiutup <3

Joshgpukli  <3

Mletlr Vustljl  <>

2
 DLD H

VOIMLN_K_LI

L. Kltlr Dokljlic
Lclgl hsklg mhturuijli uituj goi`lwld porsalkli gliushl
soblrl josokurunli ylic mlklg euicshiyl gliushl sodlclh jnlkheltukkln ehk
lrmn Hsklg goiogpltjli dumlyl jor`l dujli dujli nliyl sojomlr shshpli
ltlu porhitln slgdh klku, totlph goiogpltjliyl sodlclh togl soitrlk mlklg
pogdlicuili uglt joroil uituj gowu`umjli sultu prhdlmh mli
glsylrljlt ylic tliccun nliyl guicjhi lpldhkl poicnlyltli tornlmlp
osoish dojor`l moicli soclkl jogulkhliyl mhjl`hjli sodlclh pajaj
jl`hli dlch sothlp guskhg, slgplh goi`lmhslkln sltu jodhlslli mli
dumlyl ylic jnls mlklg glsylrljlt jhtl.

Gliushl lmlkln glnkuj ylic mhjoimlkhjli akon sosultu ylic dorshelt dlthi mli
 pshjakachs, dujli akon ehshj ylic ilgplj. (Ldmus, <8>>0>5) @lmh soarlic
guskhg thmlj mhdoilrjli dorglkls-glklsli mlklg dojor`l sodlclhglil li`urli
nlmhst ildh „dojor`lkln uituj muihlgu soljliljli jlgu nhmup soklgliyl, mli
dojor`lkln uituj ljnhrltgu soljli-ljli dosaj jlu ljli glth‘ . (Lk-Nlmhst)
Dliylj lsugsh dlnwl uglt hsklg goghkhjh otas jor`l ylic duruj mli
goi`lmh uglt ylic tordokljlic mlklg joghsjhli mli torthicclk. Ioclrl-ioclrl
ylic glyarhtls dorlclgl hsklg goi`lmh ioclrl ylic thmlj gl`u, toitu
hih goilrhj goi`lmh jl`hli, mlklg gljlkln hih gogdlnls dlclhglil otas
jor`l

ylic hmolk goiurut hsklg, eljtar lpl sl`l ylic goghbu otas jor`l mli dlchglil
lclr julkhtls jor`l sosoarlic ltlu histlish kodhn dlhj mli gl`u sodlclhglil
ylic mhnlrlpjli dorslgl.
D. Tugusli Glslkln
Mlrh Kltlr Dokljlic mhltls, Gljl Tugusli Gljlkln hih 0
<. Lpl Voicorthli Otas Jor`l1
4. Dlclhglil Jaisop Otas Jor`l1
2. Lpl Euicsh Otas Jor`l1
=. Lpl Xlic Goi`lmh Bhrh-Bhrh Otas Jor`l1

=
?. Dlclhglil Jlrljtorhsthj Otas Jor`l mlklg Hsklg1

=
B. ]u`uli
Mlrh Tugusli Glslkln mhltls, gljl ]u`uli Gljlkln hih0
<. Goicotlnuh Voicorthli Otas Jor`l Roblrl Hsklg
4. Goicotlnuh Jaisop Otas Jor`l
2. Goicotlnuh Euicsh Otas Jor`l
=. Goicotlnuh Bhrh-Bhrh Otas Jor`l
?. Goicotlnuh Jlrljtorhsthj Otas Jor`l mlklg Hsklg

?
 DLD HH

VOGDLNLRLI

L. Voicorthli Otas Jor`l

Gliushl lmlkln glnkuj jor`l ylic lml porslglliyl moicli nowli `ucl,
 dojor`l moicli blrl soimhrh. ]otlph toitu klhi mlklg blrliyl. Nowli ojor`l sogltl
 dormlslrjli ilkurhln, thmlj lml otas, jamo othj ltlu porghitlli ljlk. ]otlph gliushl
goghkhjhiyl nlrus puiyl otas mli poimlylcuilli ljlk. _ituj gorhiclijli dodli
toilcl jor`l ylic tordltls glupui gorlhn prostlsh ylic sonodlt
guicjhi. Dhklglil gliushl dojor`l tlipl otas, tlipl garlk mli ljnklj gljl
clyl jor`l gliushl goihru nowli, turui thicjlt joroimlnli. Moghjhli `ucl
dhklglil gliushl
 dojor`l tlipl goiccuiljli ljlk, gljl nlshk jor`liyl thmlj ljli gogporakon
jogl`uli lpl-lpl.<

Otas dorlslk mlrh dlnlsl Xuilih, ylhtu otnas ylic lrthiyl shjlp,
joprhdlmhli, wltlj, jlrljtor, sortl joyljhili ltls sosultu.4  Rhjlp hih thmlj sl`l
mhghkhjh akon himhvhmu, totlph `ucl akon jokagpaj dlnjli glsylrljlt. Otas
mhdoituj akon
 dordlclh jodhlslli, poiclrun dumlyl, sortl shstog ihklh ylic mhyljhihiyl.
Otas mhplnlgh sodlclh iargl ltlu blrl sosoarlic gogporsopsh, goiyhjlph,
goglimlic mli goyljhih sosultu. Romlicjli jor`l lmlkln jltl ylic ugug
mhcuiljli mlklg gokljujli sultu jochltli ltlu ljthvhtls, jor`l gorupljli
ljthvhtls sosoarlic ylic goiclimuic thcl lspoj: (<) gathvlsh ylic
goklimlsh, (4) ihlt, soicl`l mli toroiblil, mli (2) puiyl tu`uli. 2

Goiurut jlgus doslr dlnlsl Himaioshl, otas lmlkln plimlicli nhmup

ylic jnls mlrh sultu cakaicli sabhlk.=  Ronhiccl mhglil sosoarlic thicclk
sliclt gogpoiclrunh mlklg gogdoituj plimlicli nhmup ylic goi`lmh
dojlk mlklg goi`lklih jonhmupliiyl.

 Nlgzln Xl‘\ud, Otas Jor`l Hsklgh , potui`uj pojor`lli ylic nlklk mli nlrlg mlklg Rylrh‗lt Hsklg,
<

(@ljlrtl0 BU. Vomagli Hkgu @lyl, <884) n. <

 ]ata ]lsglrl, Gogdumlyljli Otas Jor`l Hsklg, ( @ljlrtl0 Cogl Hislih Vross. 4664) , <
4

2
 Gusl Lsy‘lrho, Mhokojthjl Jor`l, Otas Jor`l, mli Joghsjhili, KOREH (Kogdlcl Rtumh Ehkslelt Hsklg),
46<5, nkg. >2.
=

5
V Rudukmhhsrnghilci. ]4o6d6d2l ),, G< ogdlicui Otas Jor`l mlklg prospojthe tlslwue ( Dlimuic 0
Vustljl Iuslitlrl

5
 Romlicjli Otas Jor`l Goiurut Glx Sodor Lmlkln shjlp mlrh
glsylrljlt tornlmlp gljil jor`l sodlclh poimaraic jodornlshkli uslnl mli
pogdlicuili. Otas Jor`l Gorupljli Eoiagoil sashakach ylic Oxshtoishiyl
tordoituj akon nuduicli pramujthe ylic thgduk sodlclh ljhdlt mlrh Rtrujtur
ojaiagh ylic lml mlklg glsyrljlt.?

Mlrh jltl otas hih mhjoilk pukl jltl othjl, othjot ylic nlgphr goimojlth plml
 poicorthli ljnklj ltlu dorjlhtli moicli ihklh dlhj duruj (garlk) sonhiccl
mlklg otas torsodut torjlimuic clhrln ltlu sogliclt ylic lglt jult uituj
goicor`ljli sosultu soblrl apthglk, kodhn dlhj, dlnjli doruplyl uituj goiblplh
julkhtls jor`l ylic sosogpuril guicjhi. Othjl dorjlhtli moicli ihklh-ihklh, tltl
blrl nhmup ylic
 dlhj, lturli nhmup ylic dlhj mli soclkl jodhlslli ylic mhliut mli mhwlrhsjli mlrh
sltu arlic jo arlic ylic klhi ltlu mlrh sltu coiorlsh jo coiorlsh ylic
klhi. Jodhlslli hih klku toruicjlp mlklg porhklju dorpakl ylic torus doruklic
sodlclh
5

soduln jodhlslli.
Romlicjli soblrl torghiakach jltl otas mhlrthjli sodlclh sultu lturli
ugug, blrl nhmup, tltlili mlrh prhklju ltlu sodlclh `lkli nhmup mli soporlicjlt
lturli thicjln klju ylic doruplyluituj goiblplh julkhtls ylic sosogpuril
guicjhi.3

Jor`l lmlkln jochltli (ljthvhtls) ylic mhmlklgiyl tormlplt sosultu

ylic mhjo`lr, lml tu`uli sortl uslnl ylic sliclt dorsuiccun-suiccun,
moicli goicorlnjli sokurun lsot, ehjhr, mli mzhjhriyl uituj
goicljtulkhslshjli ltlu goilgpljjli lrth mhrhiyl sodlclh nlgdl Lkkln ylic
nlrus goiuimujjli muihl mli goiogpltjli mhrhiyl sodlclh dlchli mlrh
glsylrljlt ylic tordlhj ltlu mlplt mhjltljli dlnwl moicli dojor`l gliushl
htu gogliushljli mhrhiyl.>  Goiurut Coarco L. Rtohior mli @ani E Rtohior
goimoehihshjli pojor`lli sodlclh uslnl ylic
 dorjokli`utli ylic mhroibliljli uituj goicnlshkjli sosultu ylic dorihklh ltlu
 dorglillt dlch arlic klhi.8

Dojor`l lmlkln soduln ehtrln, `ucl gorupljli hmoithtls gliushl

ylic mhmlslrjli plml prhishp johglili (tlunhm), dujli nliyl goiui`ujjli

3
 ehtrln

 Gldylrta MJJ, Otas jor`l mli jnosh Rashlk, (Xajyljlrtl0 Lmhthyl Gomhl, <88<), nkg. 2
?

 Raiiy Jorle, Othjl Dhsihs: ]uitutli mli Tokovlishiyl (Xacyljlrtl0 Jlihshus, 46<6), <=
5

 Bkheearm, ‛Jodumlylli mli Lclgl‗, (Xacyljlrtl0 Jlihshus, 4666), ?6

3

>

8   LHddhmm ,u nk lLk z4h3z, Othjl Dhsihs Vrospojthe Hsklg, (Dlimuic 0 Voiordht Lkeldotl,4662), nlk.4

3
 sodlclh soarlic guskhg, totlph `ucl goihicchjli glrtldltiyl sodlclh ‛ Ldm
Lkkln (nlgdl Lkkln)‗.<6 _ituj goiblplh jotojuili mlklg dojor`l, slkln sltu
paimlshiyl lmlkln lgliln mli hjnkls mli doruslnl sogljshglk guicjhi
moicli prhishp gokljujli ylic tordlhj mli dortlwljjlk sortl mhdoitoich
akon othjl gukhl mli nliyl dornlrlp goimlpltjli jodorjlnli Lkkln swt. ltls
uslnl ylic mhkljujliiyl mh muihl mli joklj mh ljnhrlt goimlplt cli`lrli plnlkl.<<

Mlplt mhplnlgh dlnwl otas jor`l gorupljli jlrljtor mli jodhlslli ylic
 dorjoilli moicli jor`l ylic torborghi mlrh shjlp nhmup gliushl. <4 
Romlicjli goiurut Gabntlr Dubnarh otas jor`l lmlkln shjlp mli plimlicli
tornlmlp soduln
 pojor`lli mli jodhlsllli jor`l ylic mhghkhjh akon sosoarlic, sultu
jokagpaj glupui sultu dlicsl.<2

Goiurut @lisoi N. Rhilga, otas jor`l praeosshailk lmlkln soporlicjlt porhklju

jor`l pashthe ylic dorljlr plml joslmlrli joitlk, joyljhili ylic
euimlgoitlk,

mhsortlh jaghtgoi ylic tatlk plml plrlmhcgl jor`l hitocrlk. <=

Otas jor`l
plml gukliyl mlrh plrlmhcgl, totlph jogumhli mhlicclp sodlclh soduln
joyljhili. Rodlclh plrlmhcgl, ihklh-ihklh jor`l tortoitu mhtorhgl sodlclh ihklh
ylic dlhj mli
 doilr akon sosoarlic ltlu jokagpaj. Lrthiyl, sosoarlic mlplt mhtorhgl ltlu
mhnlrclh mhjokagpajiyl lpldhkl goiui`ujjli porhklju sosulh iargl
ylic mhsopljlth dorslgl.

Otas jor`l Hsklg plml nljojltiyl gorupljli dlchli mlrh jaisop Hsklg toitlic
gliushl jlroil otas jor`l lmlkln dlchli mlrh prasos ojshstoish mhrh gliushl mlklg
klplicli jonhmupliiyl ylic lglt kuls mli jagpkoj. Otas jor`l gorupljli
ihklh- ihklh ylic gogdoituj joprhdlmhli sosoarlic mlklg dojor`l. Otas
jor`l plml nljojltiyl mh doituj mli mhpoiclrunh akon shstog ihklh ylic
mhliut sosoarlic mlklg dojor`l. Xlic jogumhli gogdoituj sogliclt ylic
gogdomljliiyl litlrl ylic sltu moicli ylic klhi. Otas jor`l Hsklg moicli
moghjhli gorupljli roekojsh
 prhdlmh soarlic jnakheln ylic dojor`l moicli dortugpu plml joglgpuli

 ]ata ]lsglrl, Otas Jor`l Vrhdlmh Guskhg, (Xacyljlrtl 0 V]. Mlil Dnljth Sljle, <88?),4
<6

>
  Xusue \lrmnlwh, Iargl Mli Othjl Ojaiagh Hsklg (@ljlrtl 0 Cogl Hislih Vross, <883),<<=
<<

 Lnglt @lili Lsheumhi, Otas Jor`l Hsklg, (Rurljlrtl0Gunlgglmhyln _ihvorshty Vross, 466=) 5
<4

 Gabntlr Dubnarh, Voiokhthli Voimhmhjli mli Voimhmhjli Hsklg Mh Himaioshl (@ljlrtl 0 HJHV

<2

<G G  @ulnilsgoig Nlm. hRyhlinl,g46a6, 4>) ,O 5tas Jor`l Vraeoshailk, (@ljlrtl0 V]. Glktl Vrhithima,
< =

466>), 45

>
 jaisoptulk ylic mhghkhjhiyl ylic dorshelt jrolthe mli hiavlthe.<?

Voglnlgli otas goiurut jaisop Hsklg mhuicjlpjli ]rhyuwaia mlrh

Lstrh Ehtrhl, dlnwl tu`uli utlgl otas goiurut Hsklg lmlkln goiyodlrjli rlnglt
plml sogul gljnkuj, tu`uli htu soblrl iarglthe dorlslk mlrh joyljhili Hsklg
mli ghsh

so`lth nhmup gliushl. ]u`uli htu plml nljojltiyl dorshelt trlisoimoitlk

jlroil tu`uli htu thmlj nliyl tordltls plml jonhmupli muihl himhvhmu, totlph
`ucl plml
jonhmupli sotokln muihl hih, otas hih torojsproshjli mlklg doituj sylrh‘ln
ylic tormhrh mlrh Lk-\ur‘li mli nlmhst.<5

Otas jor`l soarlic guskhg soklhi mhgathvlsh akon shjlp ylic goimlslr `ucl
 dhsl mhgathvlsh ako julkhtls nhmup hsklgh ylic gorupljli soduln khicjuicli ylic
klnhr mlrh sogliclt tlunhm, ylic mh`ldlrjli mlklg doituj lglk slkon. Hih dorlrth
otas jor`l guskhg gorupljli blrl plimlic ylic mhyljhih dlnwl dojor`l
dujli nliyl gogukhljli mhrhiyl sodlclh gliushl, totlph `ucl sodlcl
gliheostlsh mlrh

lglk slkon ylic goghkhjh ihklh hdlmln mh nlmlpli ]unli.<3 

D. Jaisop Ihklh-Ihklh Otas Jor`l

l) Ihklh ]lunhm

Goglnlgh ihklh tlunhm ljli goilgpljjli `hwl glimhrh mlrh sothlp prhdlmh
guskhg, dotlpl Lkkln tokln goihicchjli morl`lt jogliushlliiyl, ylic thmlj ljli
 poriln goicnhiljli mhrhiyl mhnlmlpli gljnkuj, jobulkh joplml slic jnlkhj.

Rogliclt tlunhm hih pukl ylic goi`lmh togplt dorlicjltiyl joslmlrli dojor`l
 dlch sothlp prhdlmh guskhg. Mlklg dojor`liyl ljli tlgplj josuiccunliiyl,
jlroil mhl slmlr dlnwl nlshk jor`l ylic mhporakoniyl ljli goiborghijli julkhtls
hmoithtls mhrhiyl sodlclh guskhg.<> 

Joyljhili ylic tokln tortlilg mlklg prhdlmh sosoarlic guskhg

dlnwl

 Gan Lkh Lzhzh, Om, Mljwln Vogdormlylli Glsylrljlt Vlrlmhjgl Ljsh gotamakach, (Xacyljlrtl0
<?

Vustljl Voslitroi, 466?), nkg. 2?

 Lstrh Ehtrhl, Voiclrun Othjl Jor`l Hsklg ]ornlmlp Rhjlp Ljuitli mlklg Vorudlnli Arclihslsh moicli
<5

Jaghtgoi Arclihslsh sodlclh Ulrhldok Hitorvoihic, @urilk Gljsh, vak 2 Lcustus 4662, nkg. <8

8
  Gunlgglm M`ljelr, Othjl Dhsihs Vlrlmhcgl Rphrhtulkhtls mli Jolrheli Kajlk (Glklic 0 _HI Glkhjh
<3

Vross,46<8) nlk <64-<62

<>

nl Gk. <a5nlgglm Hrnlg, Otas Jor`l Mlklg Vorspojthe Hsklg, (@urilk Rudstlithl, Uak. <=, Ia. <, Lprhk
46<8)

8
 jodoruituicli mlrh rozojh sothlp gljnkuj tokln lml sosulh jotoituli
glshic- glshic mli lml ylic goiclturiyl nlk hihkln ljli goiugdunjli
soglicltiyl uituj torus dojor`l mli dorjlryl.

Roarlic guskhg nlrus goghkhjh joyljhili dlnwl dliylj sojlkh rlnglt Lkkln

ylic lml mhgujl dugh sodlclh sugdor ylic goi`lmh ad`oj uituj mhjokakl mli
goiulh jodornlshkli uituj goi`lmh jodutunli nhmup. Vrhdlmh guskhg ylic dorph`lj 
 plml paimlsh tlunhm thmlj poriln ljli gorlsl cayln uituj torus doruslnl.

 d) @hnlm

Dliylj ylic goileshrjli mli goiclrthjli `hnlm nliyl moicli poicorthli

 porlic. ]otlph gljil `hnlm sodoillriyl lmlkln `hnlm ltlu gu`lnlmln
ylic gogpuiylh gljil shjlp ylic dorsuiccun-suiccun uituj goicorlnjli
sokurun
 patoish mhrh uituj goiblplh sultu tu`uli ltlu bhtl-bhtl. @lmh mhshih jor`l slgl
moicli `hnlm uituj dortlnli mhmuihl. Lplklch dlch soarlic lyln dojor`l
plml sosultu ylic nlklk gorupljli `hnlm uituj lclgl mli jokulrcl.

B. Euicsh Otas Jor`l

Otas jor`l doreuicsh sodlclh jaisop toitlic jor`l ltlu plrlmhcgl jor`l ylic
mhyljhih sosoarlic ltlu sojokagpaj arlic moicli dlhj mli doilr ylic mhwu`umjli
goklkuh porhklju jor`l gorojl soblrl jnls. Roblrl ugug, otas jor`l
doreuicsh sodlclh lklt poiccorlj totlp pordultli mli jochltli himhvhmu. Jogumhli
euicsh otas jor`l lmlkln0
l. Voimaraic thgdukiyl pordultli

 d. Voicclhrln mlklg ljthvhtls.

b. Rodlclh lklt poiccorlj, gljl doslr jobhkiyl gathvlsh ylic ljli
goioitujli boplt klgdltiyl sultu pordultli.

M. Bhrh-Bhrh Otas Jor`l

Bhrh-bhrh arlic ylic gogpuiylh mli goicnlylth otas jor`l ljli tlgplj mlklg
shjlp mli thicjln kljuiyl ylic mhklimlsjli plml sultu joyljhili ylic
sliclt goimlklg dlnwl dojor`l htu hdlmln mli dorprostlsh htu himln. Lml
soglblg
 plicchkli mlrh nlthiyl uituj torus goiorus gogpordlhjh mhrh, mh litlrliyl<8 sodlclh

<
  ]lsglrl, Gogdumlyljli, >5 
<8

<
 dorhjut 0

l) Gorojl Joblimuli ]ornlmlp Sljtu

Vlml mlslriyl sothlp wljtu lmlkln pokulic ylic nlrus mh

cuiljli sogljshglk guicjhi jlroil slkln sltu nljhjlt mlrh otas
jor`l lmlkln

sosoarlic ylic gorlsljli mli goglnlgh dotlpl dornlrcliyl wljtu ylic

ljli mh kowlth tlipl lml thimljli ylic dorgliellt, sosarlic
ylic gogpuiyl otas jor`l ylic thmlj ljli goiyhl-iyhljli wljtuiyl
ylic mh
 dorhjli jlroil wljtu thmlj ljli jogdlkh wlklupui nliyl somothj, gljl mlrh
htu juibh mlrh soduln josujsosli hlkln gorojl ylic
gogporcuiljli wljtuiyl ylic gogpuiylh glsl mopli ylic kodhn dlhj.

Dlchiyl wljtu lmlkln lsot hklnhyyln  ylic sliclt dornlrcl,

klmlic sudur ylic mhsoglh moicli hkgu mli lglk ylic ilithiyl ljli
mhpothj mh klhi wljtu. Sljtu lmlkln jojultli, gorojl ylic
goicldlhjli wljtu dorlrth goi`lmh dumlj jokoglnli.46 

Nlk hih sodlclhglil ehrgli Lkkln RS]0

) ‫ؿ‬ٍ  
‫ ى‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ ىا‬  ‫ ى ى‬ ‫ ىا ٶن‬ ‫ ټؿ ٶن‬   ‫ ى ف‬  ‫ف‬‫ټ‬ ‫ىم ضـ‬  ‫ى ى جأ‬   ( ) )
 ‫ى‬
‫أ‬ ‫ى ى‬    ‫أ ى‬ ‫ى‬

‫ى‬   (‫ټ‬   ‫ فةز ه‬ ‫و‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ىز ٶٶن ىم‬  ‫ى ټ ىظؿ‬
4<(٢

‛Mogh glsl. (<) Rosuiccuniyl gliushl htu doilr-doilr dorlml

mlklg joruchli, (4) jobulkh arlic-arlic ylic dorhgli mli goicor`ljli

lglk slkon mli ilsonlt goilsonlth suplyl goitl‘lth jodoilrli mli

ilsonlt goilsonlth suplyl goiotlph josldlrli. (2)‗44

 d) Gorojl goghkhjh garlkhtls ylic dorshn (Hjnkls)

Rlkln sltu jagpotoish mlslr ylic mhghkhjh akon guskhg ylic goghkhjh
otas jor`l ylic thicch lmlkln ihklh johjnklsli. Jlroil hjnkls gorupljli

<
  doituj mlrh bhitl, jlshn slylic mli poklylili tlipl hjltli. Rhjlp hjnkls
gorupljli oiorch dlthi ylic ljli gogdoitoich mhrhiyl mlrh soclkl doituj 

 Gunlgglm M`ljelr, Othjl Dhsihs Vlrlmhcgl Rphrhtulkhtls mli Jolrheli Kajlk (Glklic 0 _HI Glkhjh
46

Vross,46<8) nlk <62

4<

44
 n\tRtp, sL0//kw-„Lwswn.rq, u<r6l2i0o<x-p2karor.bag/ \R, Lk-„Lsnr, <620<-2

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 ylic jatar.42

Goiurut Rumhrgli ]oddl, mlklg dujuiyl Gogdlicui Otas

Jor`l mlklg Vorspojthe tlslwue, shjlp hjnkls gogdult arlic dortliccuic
`lwld tornlmlp pojor`lliiyl mli togplt mhl dojor`l. Rhjlp hjnkls htu
sliclt
4=
 poithic mlklg pojor`lli mli otas jor`l.  
Arlic ylic hjnkls lmlkln arlic ylic gokljsliljli tuclsiyl soblrl
 praeoshailk, dojor`l moicli hkgu, jolnkhli mli jotorlgphkli sortl tlipl
gathvlsh klhi jobulkh dlnwl pojor`lli htu gorupljli lgliln ylic nlrus
mhkljsliljli moicli sodlhj-dlhjiyl.

b) Gorojl Joblimuli Jo`u`urli

@u`ur mlklg dlnlsl Lrld mhsodut snhmmhq, Jo`u`urli lmlkln dhshjli nlth

ylic soblrl torus goiorus goimoslj mli gogdhshjjli ihklh garlk
kunur ylic mhmaraic jobhitlli plml Hklnh. @u`ur plml mhrh soimhrh dorlrth
goghkhjh jotordujlli `hwl ylic trlisplrli. ]hmlj lml ylic torsogduiyh
mlrh nlth iurlih, goiclju jokoglnli mhrh soimhrh mli goiorhgl
jodoilrli ltlu jokodhnli mlrh arlic klhi. Mlklg mhrh sosoarlic nlrus mh
tlilgjli `hwl jo`u`urli, mlklg mhrh sosoarlic gogpuiylh
jagpaioi jnusu ylic mlpltgoglitukjli ihklh-ihklh jodoilrli mli shjlp
joporblylli tornlmlp mhrh sosoarlic.

Vrhdlmh guskhg gorupljli thpo prhdlmh ylic torjoilk ljli

jo`u`urliiyl, mlklg sogul jolmlli mhl gorlsl dorclituic plml jo`u`urli.

Rojlkh mhl gokljujli jo`u`urli mli lglk slkon, mhrhiyl ljli jotlchnli
uituj goicuklichiyl klch. Mhl ljli torpoi`lrl ljli bhitliyl tornlmlp
Lkkln.4?

m) Gorojl Goghkhjh Jaghtgoi

Jaghtgoi ylic mh gljsum lmlkln joyljhili ylic gokojlt plml mhrh

sosarlic ylic jajan sonhiccl sokurun nlth iurlih ylic ljli goiccorljjli

 Gunlgglm M`ljelr, Othjl Dhsihs Vlrlmhcgl Rphrhtulkhtls mli Jolrheli Kajlk (Glklic 0 _HI Glkhjh
42

Vross,46<8) nlk <62

 Rumhrgli ]oddl, Gogdlicui Otas Jor`l mlklg Vorspojthe tlslwue, (Dlimuic0 Vustljl Iuslitlrl
4=

4 V udkhsnhic, 4662), n. 23.

4?

 Hdhm,  nlk <6=

<
 jo lrln ylic tokln mh yljhihiyl. Jaghtgoi lmlkln joyljhili ylic goichjlt
nlth iurlih soblrl jujun mli jogumhli goiccorljjli mhrh
dorporhklju sosulh ylic mhyljhih.

Jaghtgoi dorclituic plml tojlm mli joyljhili, gorojl ylic

goghkhjh jaghtgoi thmlj ljli goiyorln jobulkh plml glut. Jaghtgoi `ucl
gorupljli thmljli, jodorlihli, josuiccunli mli joshilgduicli45.

o) Hsthqlgln

Roarlic guskhg ylic praeoshailk mli dorljnklj plsth goghkhjh shjlp

jaishstoi ylhtu joglgpuli uituj goitllth lsls, plitlic goiyorln,
mli glgpu gogportlnlijli prhishp mli jaghtgoiiyl mlklg jolmlli
lplpui. Gorojl glgpu goicokakl ogashiyl moicli dlhj.43 Hsthqlgln
dorlrth totlp mli toclr mlklg jodoilrli gosjhpui goicnlmlph rhitlicli.

e) Goghkhjh poimhrhli ylic jult.

Roarlic guskhg ylic porblyl tornlmlp prhdlmhiyl mli

dorlnklj gogpuiylh poimhrhli ylic jult. Voimhrhli ylic jult ljli
goioitujli tlrcot ylic tokln mh toitujli sortl glgpu
gokowlth rhitlicli ylic mh nlmlphiyl mogh torblplhiyl tu`uli ylic tokln
mh totlpjli. mhtoitujli.

c) Gogpuiylh rlsl tliccuic `lwld

]liccuic `lwld gorupljli slkln sltu lgliln ylic nlrus mh `lcl ylic
goi`lmh tliccuic `lwld prhdlmh sosoarlic lclr tornhimlr mlrh tliccuicli
ltlupui mlrh soclkl doituj tuitutli.

n) Goi`lcl porslumlrlli mli gogporkuls `lrhicli

Goi`lcl porslumlrlli gorupljli nlk ylic sliclt poithic mlklg

jonhmupli sosoarlic, moicli lmliyl porslumlrlli mlplt gogdujl pakl
 phjhr slkhic dordlch hiearglsh lclr mlplt goichjuth porjogdlicli zlgli.

h) Bhitl ljli porudlnli

Rasaj prhdlmh ylic goghkhjh rlsl porkuiyl porudlnli tornlmlp mhrh

 Gunlgglm M`ljelr, Othjl Dhsihs Vlrlmhcgl Rphrhtulkhtls mli Jolrheli Kajlk (Glklic 0 _HI Glkhjh
45

4 V ross,46<8) nlk <6?

43

 Hdhm, <6?

<
  prhdlmhiyl gorupljli gliushl ylic slmlr dlnwl thmlj ljli dorudln
sultu jlug jobulkh moicli mhrhiyl soimhrh ylic ljli gorudlniyl,dhkl nlk
torsodut lml plml mhrhiyl gljl moicli soimhrhiyl ljli torgathvlsh.
Arlic ylic
 dorlih goicnlmlph tlitlicli, goiclicclp nhmup lmlkln phkhnli mli
mlrh sothlp phkhnli htu gorupljli tliccuic `lwldiyl lmlkln
arlic ylic jaisojuoi.

Gorojl thmlj guicjhi goiylklnjli arlic klhi ltls lpl ylic tor`lmh
 plml mhrhiyl. Arlic ylic jaisojuoi `ucl goghkhjh gathvlsh ylic jult
uituj goiblplh sultu tu`li, goi`lcl lpl ylic tokln goi`lmh joputusliiyl,
mli goghkhjh rlsl tliccuic`lwld ylic doslr.

 `) Gorojl Arlic Xlic Jrolthe 

Arlic ylic jrolthe soklku goiblrh lktorilthe goicoilh sosultu

ylic mhnlmlph mli gokljujli jochltli ylic dorshelt roiuicli sortl
gogdhlsljli mhrh uituj goiblrh `lwldli mlrh portliylli,
torutlgl ylic dorshelt jaisoptulk. Dodorlpl bhrh-bhrh arlic jrolthe lmlkln
0

 l. Jultiyl gathvlsh uituj dorprostlsh

 d. Jaghtgoi tornlmlp tucls

b. Hihshlthe mli apthghsgo

O. Jlrljtorhsthj Otas Jor`l Hsklg

l) Jor`l Gorupljli Voi`ldlrli Lqhmln

jor`l dorklimlsjli ihlt dorhdlmln lmlkln slkln sltu jlrljtorhsthj ylic poithic
otas jor`l Hsklgh ylic torclkh mli thgduk mlrh jlrljtorhsthj hih goi`lmh pogdoml
mlrh otas jor`l klhiiyl jlroil hl soklku gogpoiclrunh shjlp
sojlkhcus gogathvlsh arlic ylic dorslicjutli.4>  Jor`l gorupljli
doituj hdlmln. Mhglil soklhi jhtl dorhdlmln gokljsliljli saklt mli
gokljujli lglk sakon klhiiyl, jor`l `ucl gorupljli doituj hdlmln jomul
ylic jhtl porsogdlnjli joplml Lkkln. Lclgl goicl`lrjli lclr
gliushl dordult dlhj 
<
4>

 Gunlgglm M`ljelr, Othjl Dhsihs Vlrlmhcgl Rphrhtulkhtls mli Jolrheli Kajlk (Glklic 0 _HI Glkhjh
Vross,46<8) nlk <65

<
 sodliyljdliyljiyl mli dorjlryl gogdlicui nhmup hih mogh
torbhptliyl jonhmupli so`lntorl slkln sltuiyl moicli goibhitlh pojor`lli. 48

]u`uli arlic mlklg dojor`l dordoml doml. Lml ylic hichi

gogoiunh jodutunli nhmup sl`l, lml ylic ihlt goichsh wljtu kulic sl`l.
Ilgui kodhn

mlrh htu ihltjli dojor`l sogltl-gltl jlroil Lkkln lclr jhtl goimlplt rhmnaiyl.
Htukln pordomlli jhtl ylic dorlclgl moicli gorojl ylic thmlj
dorlclgl.
Jodutunli soblrl hsklg htu thmlj nliyl slimlic, plpli mli plpli. ]lph lml
lml tlgdlnli dorlclgl moicli suiccun-suiccun ylic m`lmhjli
pomagli utlgl.

 d) Jor`l Mhklimlsh Moicli Hkgu

Gliushl goghkhjh johsthgowlli torutlgl mlrh lspoj ljlk ylic mhliucorlnjli

akon ]unli, jlroil gogpuiylh ljlk gliushl dornlshk goiculslh
hkgu
 poicotlnuli mli tojiakach goiblplh jodumlylli mli porlmldli ylic
thicch mlklg rlicjl gokljujli uslnl ltlu dojor`l, gliushl
mhtuitut uituj goicjakldarlshjli litlrl jotorlgphkli mli `ucl hkguiyl,
joiyltlli hih soblrl thmlj klicsuic gogdult arlic ylic dorslicjutli
otas jor`l thicch moicli jlrljtorhsthj lqkh hkghln mli praljthe. 26

b) Jor`l moicli Goioklmlih Rhelt-shelt Hklnh mli Goichjuth Votui`uj-Iyl

Johsthgowlli arlic ylic dorotas jor`l hsklgh ljthvhtlsiyl mh`hwlh

akon mhilghjl lqhmln mli gathvlsh hdlmln. Arlic ylic dorotas jor`l
hsklgh goiylmlrh dlnwl patoish ylic mhjlruihljli mli mlplt mhnuduicjli
moicli

shelt-shelt Hklnh plml mlslriyl gorupljli lgliln ylic gosth

mhglielltjli sodlhj-dlhjiyl soblrl dortliccuic `lwld sosulh moicli l`lrli
(Hsklg) ylic hl
hglih. Lylt-lylt Lk-\ur‘li mli Nlmhts-nlmhts Tlsuk dliylj ylic goiyurun
ltlu goicl`lrjli suplyl arlic Hsklg chlt mli ljthe dojor`l. Lrthiyl,
lclr gorojl chlt goglielltjli patoish-patoish ylic lml mlklg mhrh
gorojl, sojlkhcus goglielltjli suiltukkln mh lklg hih.

<
  Gnm. ]nahd Ilsuthai Otas Jor`l Mlklg Vorspojthe Hsklg (@urilk HN]HXLMN Uak. < Ia.< Roptogdor
48

46<3),83

 Hdhm, <65
26

<
E. Voiorlpli Otas Jor`l

Mhtoicln jopuicli zlgli ylic sordl gamori hih, soljli ihklh otas sogljhi
kuitur, dlnjli dakon mhdhklic guklh nhklic jlroil joboimoruicli glsylrljlt uituj 
 dorklju dodls soljli sumln gowldln mhsothlp khih jonhmupli.2<  Jlroil

sosuiccuniyl otas dorjlhtli moicli ihklh jo`hwlli sosoarlic noimljiyl sothlp

 prhdlmh guskhg nlrus goichshiyl moicli jodhlslli ylic pashthe mli glgpu
goiui`ujjli joprhdlmhliiyl sodlclh soarlic guskhg mlklg doituj nlshk
jor`l sortl shjlp mli porhklju ylic goiu`u ltlu goiclrln joplml nlshk
ylic kodhn sogpuril. Voiorlpli otas jor`l Hsklg ylhtu moicli blrl
goicojsproshjli shjlp ltlu sosultu soklku dormlslrjli sogliclt uituj goiu`u
joplml pordlhjli, moicli
 doruplyl dorsuiccun-suiccun goiorlpjli othjl torsodut, ylic doruplyl
uituj goicnhimlrh nlk ylic ioclthe. 24  Xlhtu moicli blrl goiorlpjli jamo othj
soblrl tocls mlklg poruslnlli moicli dlhj sonhiccl ljli gogpuiylh
roputlsh ylic dlhj 

mli goimlpltjli jouituicli, sodlclh glil poiorlpli otas jor`l Hsklg torsodut
sosulh moicli lk-\ur‘li mli Nlmhst.

Eljtar htukln ylic jogumhli mhlicclp poithic sojlkh sodlclh slkln sltu stlimlr 
 dlnwl otas Hsklg mlklg soduln dhsihs gogoclic porlili poithic dlch sujsos mli
thmljiyl sultu poruslnlli.22

2<
 @anli Lrhehi, Ehqhn Vorkhimuicli Jaisugoi, (Roglrlic0 Tlslhk, 4663), nlk. ?>
24

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  ]ata ]lsglrl, Gogdumlyljli ... nlk. <5
22
 @anli Lrhehi, Ehqhn Vorkhimuicli Jaisugoi, (Roglrlic0 Tlslhk, 4663) nlk. ?8

<
 DLD HHH

VOI_]_V

L. Joshgpukli
Mlrh urlhli pogdlnlsli goicoilh Otas jor`l uituj porudlnli,
mlplt mhtlrhj dodorlpl joshgpukli mhlitlrliyl sodlclh dorhjut0
<. Otas dorlslk mlrh dlnlsl Xuilih (otas) ylic gogdorhjli lrth
shjlp, joprhdlmhli, wltlj,jlrljtor, sortl joyljhili ltls sosultu. Rhjlp hih
thmlj sl`l mhghkhjh akon himhvhmu, totlph `ucl akonjokagpaj dlnjli
glsylrljlt . Mlklg jlgus doslr dlnlsl Himaioshl otas jor`l lmlkln
soglicltjor`l ylic goi`lmh bhrh jnls mli joyljhili sosoarlic ltlu sultu
jokagpaj.
4. Otas jor`l sliclt dorpoiclrun plml jodornlshkli sosoarlic. Moghjhli `ucl
josujsosli mlklg poimhmhjli. Moicli otas jor`l ylic thicch
mhnlrlpjli sosoarlic goi`lmh bljlp, jrolthe, glimhrhmli dortliccuic `lwld,
torutlgl plml mhrhiyl soimhrh.

D. RLTLI
Moicli sliclt goiylmlrh dlnwl gljlkln jlgh glshn `lun
mlrh josogpurilli, sodld thmlj lml sltu tukhsli mh gujl dugh hih ylic tornhimlr
mlrh joblbltli soklhi lk- \ur‘li. _ituj htu jlgh goiylrlijli joplml
pogdlbl uituj gogdorhjli sugdlic slrli sortl jrhthjli ylic
jaistrujthe mogh josogpurilli gljlkln jlgh uituj ylic ljli mltlic.

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 MLE]LT V_R]LJL

]ata ]lsglrl,  Otas Jor`l Vrhdlmh Guskhg, (Xacyljlrtl 0 V]. Mlil Dnljth Sljle,
<88?)

Xusue \lrmnlwh, Iargl Mli Othjl Ojaiagh Hsklg (@ljlrtl 0 Cogl Hislih Vross, <883)

Lnglt @lili Lsheumhi, Otas Jor`l Hsklg, (Rurljlrtl0Gunlgglmhyln _ihvorshty Vross,

466=)

Gunlgglm M`ljelr, Othjl Dhsihs Vlrlmhcgl Rphrhtulkhtls mli Jolrheli

Kajlk (Glklic 0 _HI Glkhjh Vross,46<8)

Gabntlr Dubnarh, Voiokhthli Voimhmhjli mli Voimhmhjli Hsklg Mh Himaioshl (@ljlrtl 0

HJHV Gunlgglmhyln,4664)

Rumhrgli ]oddl, Gogdlicui Otas Jor`l mlklg Vorspojthe tlslwue, (Dlimuic0 Vustljl
 Iuslitlrl Vudkhsnhic, 4662)

Ldmuk Lzhz, Othjl Dhsihs Vrospojthe Hsklg, (Dlimuic 0 Voiordht Lkeldotl,4662)

Raiiy Jorle, Othjl Dhsihs: ]uitutli mli Tokovlishiyl (Xacyljlrtl0 Jlihshus,

46<6) Bkheearm, ‛Jodumlylli mli Lclgl‗, (Xacyljlrtl0 Jlihshus, 4666)

@lisoi N. Rhilga, > Otas Jor`l Vraeoshailk, (@ljlrtl0 V]. Glktl Vrhithima, 466>)

Gan Lkh Lzhzh, Om, Mljwln Vogdormlylli Glsylrljlt Vlrlmhjgl Ljsh gotamakach,
(Xacyljlrtl0 Vustljl Voslitroi, 466?)

Gusl Lsy‘lrho, Mhokojthjl Jor`l, Otas Jor`l, mli Joghsjhili, KOREH (Kogdlcl Rtumh
Ehkslelt Hsklg), 46<5

Gldylrta MJJ, Otas jor`l mli jnosh Rashlk, (Xajyljlrtl0 Lmhthyl Gomhl, <88<)

@anli Lrhehi, Ehqhn Vorkhimuicli Jaisugoi, (Roglrlic0 Tlslhk, 4663)

Nlgzln Xl‘\ud, Otas Jor`l Hsklgh , potui`uj pojor`lli ylic nlklk mli nlrlg mlklg
Rylrh‗lt Hsklg, (@ljlrtl0 BU. Vomagli Hkgu @lyl, <884)

<
Lstrh Ehtrhl, Voiclrun Othjl Jor`l Hsklg ]ornlmlp Rhjlp Ljuitli mlklg Vorudlnli
Arclihslsh moicli Jaghtgoi Arclihslsh sodlclh Ulrhldok Hitorvoihic, @urilk
Gljsh, vak 2 Lcustus 4662

Ganlgglm Hrnlg, Otas Jor`l Mlklg Vorspojthe Hsklg, (@urilk Rudstlithl, Uak. <=, Ia.

<, Lprhk 46<8)

Rlheukkln, Otas Jor`l mlklg hsklg (`sn @urilk Rashlk Nugliharln, Uak 2 Ia.<, @uih
46<6)

Gnm. ]nahd Ilsuthai Otas Jor`l Mlklg Vorspojthe Hsklg (@urilk HN]HXLMN Uak. <
 Ia.< Roptogdor 46<3)

Bhnwliuk Jhrag Otas Jor`l mlklg Hsklg (]lwlzui0 @aurilk ae Rnlrhl Obaiaghb Klw
Uakugo <, Iagar <, Glrot 46<>)

nttps0//www.qurlioxpkaror.bag/ \R, Lk-„Lsnr, <620<-2

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