FIA2013 - Perancangan Basis Data

GENAP 2019/2020
Outline
Pemanfaaatan Basis Data
Peluang karir & sertifikasi
Data
Basis Data
Jenis Basis Data
Arsitektur Basis Data
Sejarah Basis Data
Data abstraction
Pemanfaatan Basis Data
Sertifikasi
Oracle Certified Associate (OCA)
Oracle Certified Professional (OCP)
DBMS Oracle Oracle Certfied Master (OCM)
DBMS Microsoft SQL Server  Microsoft Certified Database
Administrator (MCDBA)
Peluang karir
Definisi
 Field
 Basic element of data (name, date, etc.)

 Record
 Collection of related fields that we treat as a unit (employee record)
 May be of a fixed or variable size

 File
 Collection of similar records
 Treated as an entity by applications
 Usually referenced by a name
 Access controls usually at file level

 Data
 Known facts that can be recorded and have an implicit meaning.

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Is this file system ? ? ?
 Semi otomatis ...

Punch Card adalah selembar kertas kaku yang berisi baik perintah untuk
mengendalikan mesin otomatis atau data untuk aplikasi pengolahan data. Kedua
perintah dan data diwakili oleh ada atau tidak adanya lubang di posisi yang telah
ditentukan. Fungsi utama media ini bukan untuk menyimpan informasi atau data
untuk manusia, melainkan untuk menyimpan pengaturan (setting) untuk mesin yang
berbeda.
9
Rada canggih dikit

10
 Masih ingat yang ini ?
Magnetic Tape telah digunakan pertama kali oleh IBM untuk menyimpan
data pada tahun 1950-an. Sebuah roll Magnetic Tape dapat menyimpan
data setara dengan 10 ribu Punch Cards.

Compact Cassette ini merupakan salah satu bagian dari

Magnetic Tape. Media penyimpanan ini dikenalkan oleh
Philips pada tahun 1963, namun tidak sampai tahun 1970
menjadi populer. Lebih sering disebut dengan kaset ini
untuk menyimpan data.
 File System Architecture

 Device Drivers
Communicate directly with device
 Basic File System
Buffering, placing data on device
 Basic I/O Supervisor
I/O initiation and termination
 Logical I/O – Deals with records
 Access method (pile, sequential,
hashed, index)
Standard interface with the user

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 Elements of a File System

Physical Physica
File blocks in main blocks i
Directorystructure Access Records memory secondar
management method Blocking buffers storage (disk
Disk
scheduling

User &
program
commands I/O
File File
operations manipulatio
file name n functions
File
allocation
User
access Free storag
control manageme

File management
concerns Operating system concerns
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Database ?
Definisi

Mini-world
 Some part of the real world about which data is stored in a
database. For example, student grades and transcripts at a
university.

Database
 Collection of related data files
 Relationships are explicit
 Used by a number of applications

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Essential database characteristics:

Represents an aspect of the real world (miniworld),

Well structured (even has a strict regular structure),
Reflects (or should reflect) current state
Has users and applications,
Stored in a permanent (persistent) computer memory,
and
Accessed and manipulated using a DBMS
All these characteristics have to be met

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Real
World
facts about the world in a database
facts about the world in a database
facts about the world in a database
facts about the world in a database
facts about the world in a database
facts about the world in a database
Database
facts about the world in a database
facts about the world in a database
facts about the world in a database
facts about the world in a database
facts about the world in a database
facts about the world in a database
facts about the world in a database
facts about the world in a database
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Ilustrasi Database
Facts about world and behaviour of world
represented in
contents and operations of a database
more facts some more rather long facts about the world in the databse
more facts some more rather long facts about the world in the databse
more facts some more rather long facts about the world in the databse
more facts some more rather long facts about the world in the databse
more facts some more rather long facts about the world in the databse
more facts some more rather long facts about the world in the databse
Users
more facts
more facts
more facts facts about the world in a database
more facts facts about the world in a database
facts about the world in a database
facts about the world in a database
facts about the world in a database
facts about the world in a database
 DBMS
Database Management System (DBMS)
A software package/ system to facilitate the creation and maintenance of a
computerized database.

Database System
The DBMS software together with the data itself. Sometimes, the
applications are also included.

Database Management System (DBMS) provides….

… efficient, reliable, convenient, and safe
multi-user storage of and access to massive amounts of persistent data.

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A simplified database architecture
DBA Users/
Programmers

Database Database Application Programs/

System Description Interactive Queries

DBMS
DDL Data
Access
Query Processor
Compiler

Catalog Database

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History of Database

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 Jenis – Jenis Database

Navigational DBMS

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 Jenis – Jenis Database

Hierarchial DB

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Relational DBMS

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Database System Components

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 Data Models
A collection of tools for describing
◦ data
◦ data relationships
◦ data semantics
◦ data constraints
Entity-Relationship model
Relational model

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 Contoh ER Model

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 Contoh Relational Model
Attributes

customer- customer- customer- account-

Customer-id
name street city number

192-83-7465 Johnson
Alma Palo Alto A-101
019-28-3746 Smith
North Rye A-215
192-83-7465 Johnson
Alma Palo Alto A-201
321-12-3123 Jones
Main Harrison A-217
019-28-3746 Smith
North Rye A-201

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 Level of Abstractions

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 Levels of Abstraction
Physical level: describes how a record (e.g., customer) is stored.
Logical level: describes data stored in database, and the relationships among
the data.
type customer = record
customer_id : string;
customer_name : string;
customer_street : string;
customer_city : integer;
end;

View level: application programs hide details of data types. Views can also
hide information (such as an employee’s salary) for security purposes.

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 Databases Everywhere!!!
DBMS contains information about a particular enterprise
◦ Collection of interrelated data
◦ Set of programs to access the data
◦ An environment that is both convenient and efficient to use
Database Applications:
◦ Banking: all transactions
◦ Airlines: reservations, schedules
◦ Universities: registration, grades
◦ Sales: customers, products, purchases
◦ Online retailers: order tracking, customized recommendations
◦ Manufacturing: production, inventory, orders, supply chain
◦ Human resources: employee records, salaries, tax deductions
Databases touch all aspects of our lives

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